公平正義的議題在近幾年不斷升高關注度，更隨著聯合國永續發展目標的推動，各個層面的不平等問題也更加被察覺與凸顯。本研究針對各種特徵背景進行社會態度的研究，並進一步觀察原住民在社會中的情形。資料採用台灣社會變遷基本調查，取用2005至2020年之間的四次調查結果，共有7930個樣本數，以序列probit模型和DID模型進行實證分析後發現，男性對於各種層面的態度比女性來得更差，隨著年齡越來越大，除了工作的感受越來越好之外，對於社會上的感受都會越差。而結果也顯示失業的人在心裡狀態和對工作的態度都會比有工作的人來得更差，若是具有原住民身份，社會態度都會比非原住民來的更差一些，無論出生在哪裡，對於自身還有整體社會的感受都會偏向負面。本研究結果補充了目前針對原住民在經濟研究方面的缺乏，也增加社會研究上在經濟面向的觀察，實證結果亦可作為政府在相關施政的參考。

The issue of fairness and justice has garnered increasing scholarly attention in recent years, particularly considering the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Inequality concerns at various societal levels have become more conspicuous and accentuated consequently. This study aims to investigate social attitudes across diverse demographic backgrounds while specifically observing the socio-economic conditions of indigenous populations. The dataset employed in this study is derived from the Taiwan Social Change Survey, utilizing four survey waves conducted between 2005 and 2020, encompassing a total sample size of 7,930 individuals. Through rigorous empirical analysis employing ordered probit models and difference-in-differences (DID) models, it was discerned that males exhibit more unfavorable attitudes across various dimensions in comparison to females. Moreover, as individuals grow older, except for a more positive perception of work, they tend to manifest more negative views of society in general.
The findings also reveal that individuals who are unemployed endure poorer mental states and harbor fewer positive attitudes toward work when compared to their employed counterparts. Furthermore, individuals with an indigenous heritage demonstrate marginally more negative social attitudes than their non-indigenous counterparts. Irrespective of their birthplace, individuals predominantly exhibit pessimistic perceptions of themselves and society. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights into the underexplored realm of indigenous populations in economic research and contribute to the examination of economic dimensions within social studies. The empirical results can also serve as a point of reference for informing government policies and facilitating decision-making in related domains.

 目錄
第一章  緒論	1
第一節 研究動機	1
第二節 研究方法	3
第三節 章節安排	3
第二章  文獻回顧	5
第一節  沮喪勞工的相關研究	5
第二節  原住民族群沮喪勞工的相關研究	7
第三章  研究方法	10
第一節 資料說明	10
第二節 變數設定	10
第三節 實證方法	19
第四章  實證結果	21
第一節 宜蘭為獨立變數時的實證結果	21
第二節  北部樣本包含宜蘭的實證結果	26
第三節  DID模型的結果	30
第五章  結論與未來展望	34
參考文獻	36

表目錄
表1： 變數的敘述統計	18
表2：宜蘭為獨立變數時的實證結果	24
表3：北部樣本包含宜蘭的實證結果	29
表4：宜蘭為獨立變數時的DID實證結果	32
表5：北部樣本包含宜蘭的DID實證結果	33

一、中文部分
馬財專&吳元凱(2015)。公立就業服務機構促進原住民就業之執行成效評估-以雲嘉南分署就業中心為例。勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊，23(3)，335-348。
郭俊巖&黃明玉(2010)。原住民在都市謀生的艱辛歷程之研究：以三個受助個案為例。弘光學報，(59)，60-77。
鄭伊雯 (2019)。沮喪勞工、隱藏性失業者、與犯罪。碩士論文。淡江大學經濟學系經濟與財務碩士班。


二、英文部分
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Dagsvik, J. K., Kornstad, T., & Skjerpen, T. (2013). Labor force participation and the discouraged worker effect. Empirical Economics, 45, 401-433.
Hunter, B. H., & Gray, M. (2002). Family and social factors underlying the labour force status of Indigenous Australians. Family Matters, 62, 18-25.
Hunter, B., & Gray, M. (2004). Further investigations into Indigenous labour supply: what discourages discouraged workers?. Canberra, ACT: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR), The Australian National University.
Hunter, B. (2010). Revisiting the relationship between the macroeconomy and Indigenous labour force status. Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 29(3), 320-332.
Lee, G. H., & Parasnis, J. (2014). Discouraged workers in developed countries and added workers in developing countries? Unemployment rate and labour force participation. Economic Modelling, 41, 90-98.
Lamb, D. (2015). The economic impact of the great recession on Aboriginal people living off reserve in Canada. Relations Industrielles, 70(3), 457-485.
Lin, Y.L. (2020). Discouraged Worker Effects from Social Inequality: An Empirical Evidence. Journal of Business and Economic Management, 8(8), 200-210.
Maestas, N., & Li, X. (2006). Discouraged workers? job search outcomes of older workers. Job Search Outcomes of Older Workers (October 2006). Michigan Retirement Research Center Research Paper No. WP, 133.
Raffe, D., & Willms, J. D. (1989). Schooling the discouraged worker: Local-labour-market effects on educational participation. Sociology, 23(4), 559-581.
Suryadarma, D., Suryahadi, A., & Sumarto, S. (2005). The measurement and trends of unemployment in Indonesia: The issue of discouraged workers. Available at SSRN 861464.
Tayal, D., &Paul, S. (2021). Discouraged Worker Effect and Labor Market Behavior of Urban Married Women. Asian Development Review, 38(02), 93-122.