隨著 OA 運動的發展，部分期刊出版社選擇翻轉期刊的出版模式，即為從 TA 期刊轉型為完全 OA 期刊，作為出版的策略。本研究目的為了解翻轉型 OA 期刊是否具有出版或被引用優勢，因此調查物理領域翻轉型 OA 期刊在出版特徵、計量指標與翻轉前後計量指標的表現。本研究採用書目計量法，以2023年 Scopus 資料庫所收錄之 Physics & Astronomy 學科領域期刊為範圍，再依據各期刊官網與 DOAJ 所顯示的翻轉為 OA 期刊的年代，共篩選78種期刊為研究對象，後續分析31種在翻轉前後計量指標的表現。
研究結果顯示：在出版特徵方面，期刊創刊最早在1834年，以1979年出版的期刊為最多（6.41%）；紀錄翻轉為 OA 期刊的年代有31種來自期刊官網，有47種來自 DOAJ ，最早選擇在1992年翻轉，以2014年翻轉的期刊為最多（14.10%）；出刊頻率以季刊的期刊為最多（26.92%）。在2021年間的文章出版量方面，共出版25,830篇研究論文和述評，高出版量集中在特定少數期刊。出版者類型以學術機構或大學出版社的期刊為最多（32.05%），出版地區集中在歐洲與中亞地區出版（62.82%），以英國（16.67%）、德國（15.38%）為主。出版國家 GNI 中以高所得國家為最多（66.67%），語言類型以單語且為英文最多（82.05%）。有5種 APC 計價方式，以不收費最多（38.46%），其次為固定價格收費（33.33%）， APC 金額範圍介在264至6,490美金間，以集中在1,001美金至1,500美金的期刊最多（30.77%）。在計量指標方面，被引用次數累計從2021年至2023年，共計403,949次，平均數為5,179次，中位數為221次。 CiteScore 、 SNIP 、 SJR 的平均數與中位數均小於整體物理領域期刊， FWCI 平均數為0.74，中位數為0.57。 PlumX 指標中，擷取指標總計577,101次，範圍介在3至434,285次。引用次數指標，總計165,313次，範圍介在0至139,183次。社群媒體指標總計247,821次，範圍介在0至189,827次。關注指標總計24,199次，範圍介在0至18,090次。使用率指標計有256,104次，範圍介在0至95,112次。計量指標在翻轉前後的表現方面，被引用次數、 CiteScore 、 FWCI 、擷取指標、社群媒體指標以及關注指標，在翻轉後有上升趨勢的期刊為最多。 SNIP 在期刊翻轉後則普遍有下降趨勢。SJR 、引用次數指標、使用率指標，在本研究中並無明顯的趨勢。
建議未來研究方向，除擴展研究對象的學科範圍外，可探討翻轉型 OA 期刊的 APC 收費金額趨勢，或更深入分析 Altmetrics 指標的資料來源分布，又或是探討編輯群對翻轉型 OA 期刊的看法，以利於從不同面向瞭解翻轉型 OA 期刊的發展。

With the development of the OA movement, some journal publishers have opted for flipping OA journals, which means transitioning from subscription-based (TA) journals to fully open access (OA) journals as a publishing strategy. The aim of this study is to understand whether flipping OA journals offer publishing or citation advantages. Therefore, the study investigates the publishing characteristics, bibliometric indicators, and performance of flipping OA journals before and after flipping in the field of physics. Bibliometric methods were employed, focusing on journals in the Physics & Astronomy discipline indexed in the Scopus database for the year 2023. A total of 78 journals were selected based on the year of flipping to OA as indicated on their official websites and in the DOAJ. Subsequent analysis focused on the performance of 31 journals before and after flipping in terms of bibliometric indicators.
The research findings show that: in terms of publishing characteristics, the earliest journal was founded in 1834, with the highest number of journals published in 1979 (6.41%); there are 31 recorded years of flipping to OA journals from journal websites and 47 from DOAJ, with the earliest flipping occurring in 1992, and the highest number of flips occurring in 2014 (14.10%); the most common publication frequency is quarterly issues (26.92%). In terms of the number of articles published in 2021, a total of 25,830 research articles and review articles were published, with high publication volumes concentrated in a few specific journals. The most common type of publisher is academic institutions or university presses (32.05%), with publication regions concentrated in Europe and Central Asia (62.82%), primarily in the United Kingdom (16.67%) and Germany (15.38%). High-income countries account for the majority of publishing countries by GNI (66.67%), and single-language English journals are the most common (82.05%). There are 5 types of APC pricing methods, with the most common being no charge (38.46%), followed by fixed-price charges (33.33%). APC amounts range from US$264 to US$6,490, with the largest number of journals (30.77%) being in the range of US$1,001 to US$1,500. In terms of bibliometric indicators, the total number of citations accumulated from 2021 to 2023 is 403,949, with an average of 5,179 and a median of 221. The average and median values of CiteScore, SNIP, and SJR are all lower than those of overall physics journals, with an average FWCI of 0.74 and a median of 0.57. In PlumX metrics, the total number of capture metrics is 577,101, ranging from 3 to 434,285. The total number of citation metrics is 165,313, ranging from 0 to 139,183. The total number of social media metrics is 247,821, ranging from 0 to 189,827. The total number of mention metrics is 24,199, ranging from 0 to 18,090. The total number of usage metrics is 256,104, ranging from 0 to 95,112. In terms of the performance of bibliometric indicators before and after flipping, the journals that experienced an upward trend after flipping are mostly in terms of citations, CiteScore, FWCI, capture metrics, social media metrics, and mention metrics. SNIP generally shows a downward trend after journal flipping. SJR, citation metrics, and usage metrics show no significant trends in this study.
For future research directions, in addition to expanding the disciplinary scope of the study, it would be beneficial to investigate trends in APC charges for flipping OA journals. Alternatively, a more in-depth analysis of the distribution of Altmetrics indicators' data sources could be conducted. Another avenue for exploration could involve examining the perspectives of editorial teams on flipping OA journals, facilitating a multi-faceted understanding of the development of flipping OA journals from various perspectives.

目次
第一章 緒論	1
第一節 研究背景與動機	2
第二節 研究目的與問題	4
第三節 研究範圍與限制	4
第四節 名詞解釋	6
第二章 文獻探討	9
第一節 翻轉型 OA 期刊的源起與相關研究	9
第二節 翻轉型 OA 期刊之出版特徵研究	13
第三節 翻轉型 OA 期刊之計量指標研究	17
第三章 研究設計與實施	21
第一節 研究設計	21
第二節 研究對象	23
第三節 資料處理	25
第四節 研究步驟與實施程序	30
第四章 研究結果與分析	33
第一節 翻轉型 OA 期刊之出版特徵	33
第二節 翻轉型 OA 期刊之計量指標	45
第三節 翻轉型 OA 期刊之計量指標在翻轉前後的表現	55
第五章 結論與建議	109
第一節 結論	109
第二節 建議	112
第三節 未來研究之建議	113
參考文獻	115
附錄一、翻轉型 OA 期刊清單	121
附錄二、PlumX 指標之資料來源	127
附錄三、翻轉型 OA 期刊之文章出版量分布	129

表次
表 1 翻轉型 OA 期刊之文章在 Scopus 資料庫中的收錄情形	25
表 2 翻轉型 OA 期刊之翻轉 OA 年代來源	35
表 3 翻轉型 OA 期刊之出版地區分布	40
表 4 翻轉型 OA 期刊之出版國家 GNI 分布	41
表 5 翻轉型 OA 期刊之語言類型分布	42
表 6 翻轉型 OA 期刊之 APC 計價方式	43
表 7 翻轉型 OA 期刊之被引用次數	46
表 8 翻轉型 OA 期刊之 CiteScore 分布	51
表 9 翻轉型 OA 期刊之 SNIP 分布	52
表 10 翻轉型 OA 期刊之 SJR 分布	53
表 11 翻轉型 OA 期刊之平均 FWCI 分布	53
表 12 翻轉型 OA 期刊之 PlumX 指標表現	54
表 13 翻轉前後翻轉之被引用次數	56
表 14 翻轉前後之 CiteScore 分布	62
表 15 翻轉前後之 SNIP 分布	67
表 16 翻轉前後之 SJR 分布	72
表 17 翻轉前後之 FWCI 指標分布	77
表 18 翻轉前後之擷取指標分布	82
表 19 翻轉前後之引用次數指標分布	87
表 20 翻轉前後之社群媒體指標分布	93
表 21 翻轉前後之關注指標分布	99
表 22 翻轉前後之使用率指標分布	104

圖次
圖 1 研究架構圖	22
圖 2 研究對象篩選程序	23
圖 3 研究步驟	32
圖 4 翻轉型 OA 期刊之創刊年分布	34
圖 5 翻轉型 OA 期刊之翻轉 OA 年代分布	36
圖 6 翻轉型 OA 期刊之出刊頻率分布	37
圖 7 翻轉型 OA 期刊之出版者類型分布	39
圖 8 翻轉型 OA 期刊之 APC 金額分布	45

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