隨著都市化進程加速，停車需求大幅提升，特別是停車場常因訊號號無法覆蓋而造成導航困難。傳統GPS系統在室內或環境地下失效，使用者在尋找車位與出口時經常迷失方向，導致停車效率降低、使用體驗不佳。此外，監測人員難以即時掌握車位佔用狀態，人工巡檢成本大幅降低，且多車輛同時進出時容易出現數據與一致性問題。
本研究旨在整合二維碼室內定位、離線路徑重規劃、雲端同步鎖定機制，開發一套可離線導航、線上分配與同步的智慧停車場系統，以提升停車場管理效率及使用者體驗。
本研究貢獻包括：實作多方向QR碼室內定位方法，為智慧停車場管理提供完整技術解決方案；系統採用開源技術棧降低部署成本，適合中小型停車場快速導入。

With the acceleration of urbanization, parking demand has significantly increased, particularly as parking facilities often experience navigation difficulties due to inadequate signal coverage. Traditional GPS systems fail in indoor or underground environments, causing users to frequently lose orientation when searching for parking spaces and exits, resulting in reduced parking efficiency and poor user experience. Furthermore, monitoring personnel face challenges in real-time tracking of parking space occupancy status, substantially increasing manual inspection costs, and data consistency issues often arise when multiple vehicles enter and exit simultaneously.
This research aims to integrate QR code-based indoor positioning, offline path replanning, and cloud-based synchronization locking mechanisms to develop an intelligent parking system capable of offline navigation, online allocation, and synchronization, thereby enhancing both parking management efficiency and user experience.
The contributions of this research include: implementing an innovative multi-directional QR code indoor positioning method that provides a comprehensive technical solution for smart parking management; the system adopts an open-source technology stack to reduce deployment costs, making it suitable for rapid implementation in small to medium-sized parking facilities.

目錄
第一章	緒論	1
1.1	研究背景與動機	1
1.1.1	都市停車問題現況	1
1.1.2	傳統停車場管理痛點	2
1.1.3	智慧化導航需求分析	2
1.2	研究目的	3
1.2.1	主要研究目標	3
1.2.2	預期貢獻與價值	4
1.3論文架構	5
第二章	背景技術與相關研究	6
2.1智慧停車場系統相關研究	6
2.1.1	停車場管理系統發展歷程	6
2.1.2	導航定位技術比較分析	6
2.2	QR碼技術應用	7
2.2.1	QR碼編碼原理與特性	7
2.2.2	QR碼在室內導航的應用優勢	7
2.2.3	多方向QR碼設計策略	8
2.3	路徑規劃演算法	9
2.3.1	圖形理論基礎	9
2.3.2	最短路徑演算法比較	9
2.3.3	動態路徑重新計算機制	10
2.4	桌面應用開發技術	11
2.4.1	PyQt5 框架特性分析	11
2.4.2	OpenCV 電腦視覺應用	11
2.4.3	多執行緒程式設計考量	12
2.5	前後端整合架構	13
2.5.1	RESTful API 設計原則	13
2.5.2	資料同步機制	14
2.5.3	離線容錯處理策略	15
第三章	系統架構	16
3.1	整體系統架構設計	16
3.1.1	系統架構概覽	16
3.1.2	模組分層設計	17
3.1.3	資料流程分析	18
3.2	前端桌面應用架構	19
3.2.1	使用者介面設計	19
3.2.2	攝影機模組架構	20
3.2.3	導航模組設計	21
3.3	後端服務架構	22
3.3.1	Flask API 服務設計	22
3.3.2	資料庫結構規劃	23
3.3.3	業務邏輯層設計	24
3.4	核心演算法模組	24
3.4.1	路徑計算模組	25
3.4.2	方向計算模組	26
3.4.3	同步管理模組	26
3.5	資料庫設計	27
3.5.1	實體關係模型	27
3.5.2	資料表結構設計	28
3.5.3	資料一致性保證	28
第四章	系統實作與功能展示	30
4.1	開發環境建置	30
4.1.1	技術棧選擇與配置	30
4.1.2	開發工具與依賴套件	30
4.1.3	專案結構組織	31
4.2	核心功能實作	32
4.2.1	QR碼生成與辨識實作	32
4.2.2	路徑規劃演算法實作	32
4.2.3	導航指令生成機制	33
4.2.4	即時位置更新機制	34
4.3	使用者介面實作	35
4.3.1	主視窗設計與實作	35
4.3.2	攝影機控制介面	36
4.3.3	導航資訊顯示元件	36
4.3.4	停車場地圖視覺化	37
4.4	後端服務實作	37
4.4.1	API端點實作	37
4.4.2	停車位分配邏輯	38
4.4.3	資料同步機制實作	38
4.5	功能展示	39
4.5.1	完整導航流程展示	39
4.5.2	錯誤處理機制驗證	43
第五章	結論與未來展望	44
5.1	研究成果總結	44
5.1.1	系統功能完成度	44
5.1.2	技術創新點	44
5.2	問題分析與解決	45
5.2.1	開發過程遇到的技術挑戰	45
5.2.2	問題解決方案與經驗總結	46
5.3	研究貢獻	46
5.4	未來發展方向	47
5.4.1	功能擴展計畫	47
5.5	研究限制與建議	47
5.5.1	現有系統限制	47
5.5.2	改進建議	48
5.5.3	後續研究方向	48
參考文獻	50

 
圖目錄
圖 3 1系統架構圖	16
圖 3 2系統流程圖	18
圖 3 3系統概念圖	19
圖 3 4 API架構	22
圖 3 5核心演算法架構圖	25
圖 3 6 資料庫模型	27
圖 4 1版面介紹	35
圖 4 2 實驗一：分配停車位	39
圖 4 3 實驗一：行進過程	40
圖 4 4 實驗一：抵達終點	40
圖 4 5 實驗二：分配位置	42
圖 4 6 實驗二：重新規畫路徑	42
圖 4 7 實驗二：再次重新規畫路徑	43

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