文字探勘是近年逐漸被重視的一項技術，它屬於知識探勘的其中一個種類，而它的優點在於能夠讓研究人員直接以非結構化或半結構化的資料開始分析。在大數據時代，隨著獲取資料的管道越來越多且越來越容易，文字探勘這項技術會是幫助我們了解特定領域知識及發展脈絡的一個優秀手段。本研究所採用的文獻來自Scopus線上資料庫，以遊戲式學習為關鍵字，蒐集過去十年間與遊戲學習有關的資料進行分析，最終本研究發現(1)當前遊戲學習主要聚焦在四個領域，分別是數位教學環境、教學設計、數位遊戲及學習分析。這四個領域正好對應環境、課程、遊戲以及學習者。(2)在遊戲式學習的領域中，研究者們目前最關注的議題是學習設備與環境對學習影響的收益如何，因此在相關的領域將會有更多的研究發展。(3)除了設備與影響的因素，課程設計與發展對於遊戲式學習的成效同樣是被研究者們注重的議題，而認知負荷、學習風格以及不同語言等議題對於研究者來說相對是沒那麼受重視的。

Text mining is a technology that has been paid more and more attention in recent years. It belongs to one kind of knowledge mining, and its advantage is that it can enable researchers to analyze unstructured or semi-structured data directly. In the era of big data, with more and more channels to obtain data and easier, text mining technology will be an excellent means to help us understand the knowledge and development context of specific fields. The literature used in this study is from Scopus online database. With game based learning as the keyword, the data related to game based learning in the past ten years are collected and analyzed, Finally, this study found that:(1) At present, game based learning mainly focuses on four areas: digital teaching environment, teaching design, digital games and learning analysis. These four areas correspond to the environment, curriculum, games and learners. (2) In the field of game based learning, researchers are most concerned about the benefits of learning equipment and environment on learning. Therefore, there will be more research and development in related fields. (3) In addition to equipment and influencing factors, the effectiveness of curriculum design and development on game based learning is also a topic that researchers pay attention to, while cognitive load, learning style and different languages are relatively less valued by researchers.

第一章 緒論	1
第一節 研究背景與動機	1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題	3
第三節 名詞解釋	4
第四節 研究限制	5
第二章 文獻探討	6
第一節 文字探勘	6
第二節 遊戲式學習的定義	14
第三章 研究設計	30
第一節 研究架構與流程	30
第二節 研究對象	34
第三節 研究工具	34
第四章 研究結果與討論	37
第一節 作者合作之聚類分析	38
第二節 遊戲式學習主題之研究範疇	43
第三節 文字歸類	44
第四節 文字集群	47
第五章 結論與建議	50
第一節 研究結論	50
第二節 建議	52
參考文獻	54

英文文獻:

Abdous, M. and He, W. (2011) Using Text Mining to Uncover Students’ Technology-Related Problems in Live Video Streaming. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42, 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00980.x

Aggarwal, C. C., & Zhai, C. (2012). An introduction to text mining. In C. Zhai & C. C. Aggarwal (Eds.), Mining text data (pp. 1-10). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Ananiadou, S., Thompson, P., Thomas, J., Mu, T., Oliver, S., Rickinson, M., Sasaki, Y., Weissenbacher, D., & McNaught, J. (2010). Supporting the education evidence portal via text mining. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, 368(1925), 3829-3844. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0152

Borg, I., & Groenen, P. J. F. (2005). Modern multidimensional scaling (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer.

Clark, C.D.(2004 September).The principle of game based learning. Paper presented at the meeting of NETC/LSC conference, Crystal city, VA

Coştu, B. (2008). Learning science through PDEODE teaching strategy: Helping students make sense of everyday situations. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics. Science & Technology Education, 4(1), 3-9.

Frawley, W. J., Piatetsky-Shapiro, G., & Matheus, C. J. (1992). Knowledge discovery in databases: an overview. AI Mag., 13(3), 57-70.

Gaikwad, S. V., Chaugule, A., & Patil, P. (2014). Text mining methods and techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications, 85(17), 42-45.

Han, J., Pei, J., & Kamber, M. (2011). Data mining: concepts and techniques: Elsevier.

Hennessy, S., Ruthven, K., & Brindley, S. (2005). Teacher perspectives on integrating 	ICT into subject teaching: commitment, constraints, caution, and change. Journal 	of Curriculum Studies, 37(2), 155- 192.

Hou, H. (2017). Designing literacy oriented mini educational games with cognitive theory: The promotion and research of "mini-flip game-based learning model" on teaching spots. Jiaoyu Yanjiu Yuekan = Journal of Education Research, (282), 26-42. 	doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.tku.edu.tw/10.3966/168063602017	100282002

Huang, C. S., Su, A. Y., Yang, S. J., & Liou, H. H. (2017). A collaborative digital pen learning approach to improving students’ learning achievement and motivation in 	mathematics courses. Computers & Education, 107, 31-44.

Hwang, G., & Fu, Q. (2017). Advancement and applications of game-based learning: Literature review and trend analysis on the publications in past 20 years. Jiaoyu Yanjiu Yuekan = Journal of Education Research, (282), 4-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.tku.edu.tw/10.3966/168063602017	100282001

Härkänen, M., Paananen, J., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., & Franklin, B. D. (2019). Identifying risks areas related to medication administrations – text mining analysis using free-text descriptions of incident reports. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 1-9. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4597-9

Kapp, K. M. (2012). The gamifi cation of learning and instruction: Game-based 	methods and strategies for training and education. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Kiili (2005) K. Kiili, Digital game-based learning: towards an experiential gaming 	model Internet and Higher Education, 8 (1) , pp. 13-24

Kinzie, M. B., & Joseph, D. R. D. (2008). Gender differences in game activity 	preferences of middle school children: Implications for educational game design. 	Educational Technology Research & Development, 56, 64 3-663.

Ku, O., Hou, C. C., & Chen, S. Y. (2016). Incorporating customization and 	personalization into gamebased learning: A cognitive style perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 359-368.

Kwartler, T. (2017). Text mining in practice with R. Rerieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119282105

Lazard, A. J., Wilcox, G. B., Tuttle, H. M., Glowacki, E. M., & Pikowski, J. (2017). 	Public reactions to e-cigarette regulations on twitter: A text mining analysis. Tobacco Control, 26 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053295

Lin, Y., Lin, C., Yeh, S., & Su, S. (2018). Associations between medical subject headings and gene names based on text-mining in PubMed. Taiwan Gong Gong Wei Sheng Za Zhi, 37(1), 12. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.tku.edu.tw/10.6288/TJPH.201802_	37(1).106086

Lin, S. (2019). Applying big data mining in university students' social network. Jiaoyu Yu Xinli Yanjiu = Journal of Education & Psychology, 42(3), 79-109. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3966/102498852019094203004

Marti Hearst: What Is Text Mining? (2003). https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hearst/text-mining.html

Miner, G., Elder, J., Fast, A., Hill, T., Nisbet, R., &Delen, D. (2012). Practical text mining and statistical analysis for non-structured text data applications. Waltham, WA: Academic Press. Prensky,M. (2007). Digital Game-based Learning. New York,NY:McGraw-Hill.

Park, R. J. (2014). Play, games and cognitive development: Late nineteenth-century 	and early twentiethcentury physicians, neurologists, psychologists and others 	already knew what researchers are proclaiming today. International Journal of the History of Sport, 31(9), 1012-1032.

Peters, H. P. F., & Van Raan, A. F. J. (1993). Co-word-based science maps of chemical 	engineering. Part I: Representations by direct multidimensional scaling. Research Policy, 22(1), 23–45.

Po-Han, W., & Jung, C. M. (2017). Effects of a motivation theory-based board game model on students' learning performances in an elementary school mathematics course. Jiaoyu Yanjiu Yuekan = Journal of Education Research, (282), 132-145. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.tku.edu.tw/10.3966/168063602017	100282008

Reed, H. C., Drijvers, P., & Kirschner, P. A. (2010). Effects of attitudes and 	behaviours on learning mathematics with computer tools. Computers & Education, 55(1), 1-15

Rosas, R., Nussbaum, M., Cumsille, P., Marianov, V., Correa, M., Flores, P., Grau, V., Lagos, F., López, X., López, V., Rodriguez, P., & Salinas, M. (2003). Beyond 	Nintendo: Design and assessment of educational 	video games for first and 	second grade students. Computers & Education, 40(1), 71–94. 	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1315(02)00099-4

Salton, G., Yang, C.-S., & Yu, C. T. (1975). A theory of term importance in automatic 	text analysis.Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 26(1), 33-44.

Sawyer, B. (2007). Serious games: Broadening games impact beyond doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2007.01044.x

Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, N., Valacich, J. S., &Ramakrishnan, T. (2008). Uncovering the intellectual core of the information systems discipline. MIS Quarterly, 32(3), 467–482 & A1–A20.

Sullivan, Dan 2001 Document Warehousing and Text Mining Techniques for 	Improving Business Operations, Marketing, and Sales. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Tan, P.-N., Steinbach, M., & Kumar, V. (2006). Introduction to Data Mining:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.

Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2007b). Bibliometric mapping of the 	computational 	intelligence field. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, 15(5), 625–645.

Van Eck, N. J., Waltman, L., Van den Berg, J., & Kaymak, U. (2006). Visualizing the 	computational intelligence field. IEEE 	Computational Intelligence Magazine, 1(4), 6–10.

Wu, C., Chin, C., & Tsai, Y. (2019). A study of teaching evaluation analysis by text 	mining - a case of information management department, chung yuan Christian university. Shangguan Keji Jikan = Commerce & Management Quarterly, 20(4), 437-468. Retrieved from 	https://ezproxy.lib.tku.edu.tw/login?url=https://www.proquest.com 	/docview/2370425780?accountid=14237

Wu, J., & Ma, L. (2017). On-line health news analysis and prediction-A framework of 	big data. Qi Ye Guan Li Xue Bao = Journal of Business Administration, (113), 1-29. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3966/102596272017060113001

Zitt, M., Bassecoulard, E., & Okubo, Y. (2000). Shadows of the past in 	international cooperation: Collaboration profiles of the top five producers of science. Scientometrics, 47(3), 627–657.
 

中文文獻:

林冠佑（2013）。不同媒體豐富性學習方式對心流體驗與認知負荷之影響：遊戲式學習對非遊戲式學習。國立臺灣師範大學科技應用與人力資源發展學系碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3qgbj5

賽彥緹（2020）。遊戲式學習增進印尼國小兒童運算思維 之成效研究。國立中央大學網路學習科技研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/yy9ns5

黃雯歆（2020）。以學習動機模式與認知負載理論探討在行動遊戲式學習系統中形成性評估對學習者學習成效之影響。國立成功大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，台南市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/8n87au

李冠論（2020）。虛擬實境結合數位遊戲式學習 -以人體血液循環為例。國立高雄科技大學智慧商務系碩士論文，高雄市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/63jkj2

葉耘辰（2020）。遊戲式學習對培育科技素養之研究。國立雲林科技大學工業設計系碩士論文，雲林縣。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/88xwrr

林安生（2020）。應用虛擬實境於幼童手足口病的遊戲式學習之研究。國立臺北科技大學互動設計系碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/5vu5cy

周珮君（2020）。數位遊戲式學習在國小教學之學習動機與成效之研究－以「水中生物」為例。國立臺北教育大學數位科技設計學系(含玩具與遊戲設計碩士班)碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/k4dy56

林宜靜（2020）。數位遊戲式學習對國小三年級社會教學之研究─以新北市新莊區某國小為例。中華大學資訊管理學系碩士論文，新竹市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/747nvr

黃詩涵（2020）。結合POEC教學策略之數位遊戲式學習模式對國小生學習數學之影響。國立臺北教育大學數學暨資訊教育學系碩士班碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3eynyj

游佳穎（2020）。遊戲式學習融入高中地理實察課程培養核心素養之研究。國立臺灣師範大學地理學系碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/4q63hm

游雅婷（2020）。數位遊戲式學習對國小低成就及普通班學童專注力、語文學習相關因素及線上行為模式之影響。國立臺北教育大學教育傳播與科技研究所博士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/6j6nn5

陳彥霓（2019）。不同合作學習模式結合遊戲式學習對小學生運算思維學習成效之影響。國立臺灣師範大學科技應用與人力資源發展學系碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3x8jp4

李裕祥（2019）。運用虛擬實境結合數位遊戲式學習呈現於能源教育之教學成效。國立高雄科技大學資訊管理系碩士論文，高雄市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/63rnj6

張儀玟（2019）。德語口語練習成效提升機制之研究- 以遊戲式學習工具為例。國立雲林科技大學工業設計系碩士論文，雲林縣。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/g6smv3

張力仁（2019）。RPG遊戲式學習應用於國小社會領域學習成效與動機之研究-以劉銘傳治臺時期為例。國立臺北教育大學教育傳播與科技研究所碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/87hz56

謝牧安（2019）。數位遊戲式學習對高職智能障礙學生在玻璃清潔學習成效之研究。國立臺北教育大學教育傳播與科技研究所碩士論文，台北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/r55ur2

張勝傑（2019）。結合擴增實境與數位遊戲式學習應用於 英文單字教學之開發與初步評估。國立中央大學網路學習科技研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/gyf23g

塗婕（2018）。探究遊戲式學習對學生邏輯推理能力的影響。淡江大學教育科技學系碩士班碩士論文，新北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/pe5by8

陳宜君（2018）。差異化數位遊戲式學習應用於國中國文教學之研究。淡江大學教育科技學系數位學習在職專班碩士論文，新北市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/vg84f5

陳蘭因（2018）。遊戲式學習應用於環境教育之研究-臺灣黑熊遊戲開發設計為例。國立臺中科技大學多媒體設計系碩士班碩士論文，台中市。 取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/8mk798