台灣的鳳展專案從2016年起，將台灣149架F-16進行現代化升級，然而隨著2022年烏俄戰爭打響，無人機取代戰鬥機成為合情報、監視、偵查、反戰車以及打擊敵後戰略目標為一體的裝備，自從人類首次進行飛行以來，一百二十餘年的時間，飛行載具的性能越來越進步，但是提到取得制空權的方式，還是圍繞在空襲、空戰兩個方式。

本文透過研究制空權相關理論及美國空軍四代機與五代機的特色，了解制空權理論與科技的發展之間如何相互影響，提及四代半戰機以及出現的原因，最後提及已經進行超過十年的「次世代制空權」項目及目前該項目在經歷了三年的烏俄戰爭後，發生了什麼改變。

研究中發現制空權理論對於科技的發展的最佳例子，莫過於前美國空軍上校博伊德基於自身參與韓戰的經歷，將視距內空戰的過程濃縮成為日後的OODA迴圈，且將眾多飛機的性能參數透過計算的方式，歸類出讓飛機在空戰中佔據優勢的條件，也就是能量機動理論，進而影響四代機的設計。  

研究中也發現科技的發展確實對制空權理論產生了影響，例如在沙漠風暴中，美軍具備匿蹤能力飛機的出現加上精確制導炸彈，可以在動用最少飛機架次及最少的彈藥下，對敵方的戰略目標造成損害，該作戰方式便是近代制空權理論之一的效能化作戰。    

至於制空權理論的發展趨勢則是從傳統的空襲與空戰兩派，逐漸著重在新的技術的出現如何強化空襲與空戰，因此制空權理論的未來發展變得更加難以預測，試圖預測制空權理論的未來等同於試圖預測科技的發展趨勢。

Taiwan's Phoenix Rising Project has been modernizing its fleet of 149 F-16 fighter jets since 2016. However, with the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022, drones have outperformed fighter jets as integrated platforms for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, anti-tank operations, and striking strategic targets behind enemy lines. Over the past 120 years since humanity first achieved flying in the sky, aerial vehicles have continuously advanced in performance. Yet, the fundamental means of achieving air superiority remain focusing on bombing and air to air combat.  

This study explores air power theories and the characteristics of fourth and fifth-generation fighter jets in the U.S. Air Force to understand how advancements in technology influence air superiority concepts and vice versa. It also discusses the emergence of "4.5-generation" fighters and their purpose. Finally, it examines the "Next-Generation Air Dominance" (NGAD) program, which has been in development for over a decade, and how it has evolved after three years of the Russia-Ukraine war.  

The research highlights that one of the best examples of how air power theories have influenced technological development is the work of former U.S. Air Force Colonel John Boyd. Based on his Korean War experience, Boyd summarized the dynamics of within-visual-range (WVR) air combat into what later became the OODA loop. He also formulated the Energy-Maneuverability (E-M) theory, which by calculating aircraft performance parameters to identify the key conditions for gaining an advantage in air to air combat, it significantly shaped the design of fourth-generation fighter jets.  

Additionally, the study finds that technological advancements have, in turn, influenced air superiority theories. For instance, during Operation Desert Storm, the U.S. military’s deployment of aircraft with stealth capability combined with precision-guided munitions enabled strategic strikes on enemy targets with minimal aircraft sorties and munitions expenditure. This operational approach later on became one of modern day air power theories: effects-based operations.  

As for the future development of air power theories, the focus is shifting from traditional bombing and dogfights toward integrating new technologies to enhance these methods. This makes predicting the future development of air power theory increasingly challenging, any attempt to forecast its evolution is akin to predicting technological advancements themselves.

第壹章 序論	1
第一節	研究動機及目的	1
第二節	文獻檢閱	3
第三節	研究途徑與方法	12
第四節	研究範圍與限制	13
第五節	研究架構	14
第貳章 制空權的相關理論	17
第一節	戰鬥機世代的定義	17
第二節	制空權理論	20
第三節	小結	34
第參章 美國空軍的第四代戰機	37
第一節	開發經過	37
第二節	線傳飛控	44
第三節	氣動布局	48
第四節	後續升級(四代半)	51
第五節	小結	56
第肆章 美國空軍的第五代戰機	57
第一節	開發經過	57
第二節	匿蹤	65
第三節	資訊化	67
第四節	次世代制空權項目(六代機)	75
第五節	小結	82
第伍章 結論	83
第一節	研究結論	83
第二節	後續研究建議	86
參考文獻	87
壹、	中文資料	87
貳、	英文資料	87

圖目錄
圖 1：研究架構圖	15
圖 2：透過能量機動理論運算得到的F-16 A數據	28
圖3：制空權理論發展脈絡	36
圖 4：機械控制系統原理	44
圖 5：線傳飛控原理	45

表目錄
表1：制空權理論出現時間	35
表 2：F-15E VS F-15EX	53
表 3：F-15EX VS F-35A	54

壹、中文資料
一、中文專書
朱浤源，1999，《撰寫博碩士論文實戰手冊》。台北：正中書局。
秋榮舉，2002，《學術論文寫作研究》。台北：翰蘆圖書。
鈕先鍾，1995，《西方戰略思想史》。台北：麥田出版。
葉至誠、葉立誠，1999。《研究方法與論文寫作》。台北 : 商鼎文化出版社。

二、專書譯作
Douhet, Giulio, 2019, The Command of the Air (Dominio dell’aria), trans., Dino Ferrari. Alabama: Maxwell Air Force Base.
Grant, Rebecca著，謝豐安譯，2003年10月。《重新思考戰略空權之角色》 (The Redefinition of Strategic Airpower) ，《美國空軍月刊》。
Keaney, Thomas A. & Cohen, Eliot A. 著，國防部史政編譯室譯，2002。《波灣空戰-掀起戰爭革命? 》(Revolution in Warfare? – Air Power om the Persian Gulf) 。國防部史政編譯室。
Lambeth, Benjamin S. 著，國防部史政編譯室譯，2001。《科索沃空戰》 (NATO’s Air War for Kosovo: A Strategic and Operational Assessment) 。國防部史政編譯室。
Mets, David R. & Head, William P. 編，國防部史政編譯室譯，2005。《空中用兵紀實-對美國空軍戰略攻擊理論與準則的省思》 (Plotting a Ture Course – Reflections on USAF Strategic Attack Theory and Doctrine) 。國防部史政編譯室。
Mitchell, William著，唐恭權議，2018。《空防論》 (Winged Defense: The Development and Possibilities of Modern Air Power--Economic and Military) 。新北市；八期文化。

貳、英文資料
一、英文專書
Boyd, John R., Christie, Thomas P. and Gibson, James E., 1966, Energy Maneuverability. Eglin AFB, Florida: USAF.
Deptula, David A., 2001, Effects-Based Operations: Change in the Nature of Warfare. Virginia: Aerospace Education Foundation,
Fadok, David S., 1995, John Boyd and John Warden: Air Power’s Quest for Strategic Paralysis. Alabama: Air University Press.
Hammond, Grant T., 2004, The mind of war: John Boyd and American security. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution,
Hirschberg, Michael J., Piccirillo, Albert C. and Aronstein, David C., 1998, Advanced Tactical Fighter to F-22 Raptor: Origins of the 21st Century Air Dominance Fighter. Virginia, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Lorell, Mark A. and Levaux, Hugh P., 1998, The Cutting Edge: A Half Century of U.S. Fighter Aircraft R&D.  California: Rand.
Mets, David R., 1999, The Air Campaign: John Warden and the Classical Airpower Theorists. Maxwell Air Force Base, Air University Press,
Mets, David R., 1999/4, The Air Campaign: John Warden and the Classical Airpower Theorists.  Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press.
Mullin, Sherman N., 2012, Winning the ATF. Virginia: Mitchell Institute for Airpower Studies.
Peney, Heather R., 2022/10, Five Imperatives for Developing Collaborative Combat Aircraft. Virginia: The Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies.
Smith, C. W., Ralston, J. N., and Mann, H. W., 1979/7, Aerodynamic Characteristics of Forebody and Nose Strakes Based on F-16 Wind Tunnel Test Experience. Fort Worth, Texas: General Dynamics.
Smith, C. W., Ralston, J. N., and Mann, H. W., 1979/7, Aerodynamic Characteristics of Forebody and Nose Strakes Based on F-16 Wind Tunnel Test Experience. Fort Worth, Texas: General Dynamics.
Taylor, Francis, E., 2020, A House Built on Sand: Air Supremacy in US Air Force History, Theory, and Doctrine. Alabama: Air University Press.
United States Space Force, 2020/6, SPACE POWER. Doctrine for Space Force. Washington: Space Force.
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Younossi, Obaid, Brancato, Kevin, Graser, John C., Light, Thomas, Rudavsky, Rena, Sollinger, Jerry M., 2010, Ending F-22A Production: Costs and Industrial Base Implications of Alternative Options. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

二、英文期刊論文
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Fraioli, Stephanie Anne, Summer 2016, “Intelligence Support for the F-35A Lightning II,” Air&Space Power Journal, Vol 30, No, 2, pp.106-109.
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Grier, Peter, January 2004, “The Viper Revolution,” Air&Space Force Magazine, Vol. 87, No. 1, pp.65-69.
Hallion, Richard P., Winter 1990, “A Troubling Past: Air Force Fighter Acquisition since 1945,” AirPower Journal, Vol. 4. No. 4, pp.4-23.
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Hubinger, Scott, July 2019, “Can the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter Avoid the Fate of the F-22 Raptor?,” Joint Force Quarterly, Vol 94,pp.44-52.
Layton, Peter, April 2016, “F-35 Joint Strike Fighter - Just another fighter bomber,” Defence Today, pp.2-7.
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Niemi, Christopher J., November–December 2012, “The F-22 Acquisition Program: Consequences for the US Air Force’s Fighter Fleet,” Air&Space Power Jorunal, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp.53-82.
Piccirillo, Albert C., 1998, “Origins of the F-22 Raptor,” Journal of Aerospace, Vol. 107, Section 1, pp. 1699-1713.
Rezawana, Atul Garg, Linda, Islam, Chowdhury, Tonoy, December 2013, “EVOLUTION OF AIRCRAFT FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AND FLY-BY-LIGHT FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM,” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol 3, Issue 12, pp. 60-64.
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三、英文研討會論文
Garg, Atul, Linda, Rezawana Islam, Chowdhury, Tonoy, December 2013, “EVOLUTION OF AIRCRAFT FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AND FLY-BY-LIGHT FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM,” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol 3, Issue 12, pp. 60-64.
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Nicolin, Ilie, 7 - 8 November 2019, “The fly-by-wire system,” paper presented at the The 38th “Caius Iacob” Conference on Fluid Mechanics and its Technical Applications Bucharest, Romania: National Institute for Aerospace Research “Elie Carafoli” and Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of the Romanian Academy “Gheorghe Mihoc ― Caius Iacob”, pp. 217-222.
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