當前全球範圍內廣泛存在的環境、金融、政治和社會危機，與德國社會學家烏爾裏希·貝克（Ulrich Beck）提出的「風險社會」（risk society） 概念相契合。貝克將風險歸因於現代化進程，而英國社會學家安東尼·吉登斯（Anthony Giddens）則認為，人為製造的風險是風險社會的一個關鍵特徵。在兩者的視角中，人類能動性在引發和緩解這些風險方面都發揮著作用，而不斷湧現的科學技術進步則為這種能動性提供了便利。技術進步、人類能動性與環境演變這三者緊密交織，引發了關於自然與文化關係的長期爭論。食物具有重要的物質意義，可謂連接自然與文化的橋樑，而飲食的物質性能夠促使人們從不同角度審視倫理存在。本研究聚焦於飲食的物質性以及生態問題，旨在運用一種名為「生態飲食批評」（eco-gastrocriticism）的批判範式，對四部選定的生態科幻小說中的食物與技術的文學呈現進行細緻的文本分析。論文通過追蹤食品技術的演變與創新，以及它們與政治、經濟和文化的互動，在文化、生態批評和飲食批評研究之間搭建對話橋樑。
本論文引言部分主要著眼於人類世背景下的生態批評領域，提出生態飲食批評是批判性探討技術、行為主體和生命政治主題的一種途徑。論文第一章探討赫伯特·喬治·威爾斯（H. G. Wells）的小說《神的食物》（The Food of God）和《登月第一人》（The First Man on the Moon）。這兩部作品刻畫了既由進化演變塑造又被退化的恐懼所籠罩的想像食物身體，展現了技術與生物進化之間的複雜關係，並通過揭示技術所具有的變革力量——不僅改變食物的物質形態，並且重新定義人類存在的本質——展現後人類主義的萌芽。第二章分析保羅•巴奇加盧皮（Paolo Bacigalupi）的《發條女孩》（The Windup Girl），探討食品技術作為一個多層面的複雜體系，如何與生態系統的整體惡化緊密交織。並指出評估基因技術以及因應由此引發的生態、經濟、政治與文化變化，需要廣泛考慮和多方共同努力。第三章追蹤 C·帕姆·張（C Pam Zhang）《牛奶與蜂蜜之地》（Land of Milk and Honey）中所描繪的懷舊與欲望，並運用讓·鮑德裏亞（Jean Baudrillard）的擬像理論考察消費模式，分析懷舊、欲望如何受資本驅動而過度消費，帶來對科技進步無止境的追逐，導致晚期資本主義社會中自我吞噬傾向的發展。最後，基於對多物種集體和相互交織的環境之間的糾纏關係的理解，本論文呼籲人們認識到在技術進步與人文倫理之間實現更可持續的平衡，並重新定義人類、非人類以及自然的存在本質及其相互關係的緊迫性。

Current widespread environmental, financial, political and social crises occurring globally align with German sociologist Ulrich Beck’s concept of a “risk society.” Beck attributes risk to modernisation, whereas British sociologist Anthony Giddens perceives manufactured risks as a key characteristic of risky society. In both perspectives, human agency plays a role in generating and alleviating these risks, facilitated by emergent scientific and technological advancements. The issues of technological advancements, human agency and environmental evolution are closely intertwined, resonating with a long-standing debate on the relationship between nature and culture. Food holds significant material importance, serving as a bridge connecting nature and culture, and the materiality of food-eating can facilitate different perspectives on ethical existence. With focus on alimentary materiality and ecological concerns, this study intends to employ a critical paradigm termed as
eco-gastrocriticism to conduct a close examination of the literary representation of food and technology in four selected ecological science fiction. By drawing attention to the evolution and innovation of food technologies, and their interactions with politics, economy, and culture, the dissertation intends to create a dialogue between cultural, ecocritical and gastrocritical studies. 
In the introduction, this dissertation mainly looks to the field of ecocriticism in the context of the Anthropocene, proposing eco-gastrocriticism as one way of critically approaching technological, agential and biopolitical themes in eco-food studies.Chapter one explores H. G. Wells’ The Food of the Gods and The First Men in the Moon. These two novels depict imagined food-bodies modelled by progress and evolution while haunted by the fear of degeneration, demonstrating the complex relationship between technology and biological evolution, and revealing the emergence of posthumanism by presenting a glimpse into the transformative power of technology that not only alters the physical form of food but also redefines the essence of human existence itself. Chapter two places analytical emphasis on Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Windup Girl, exploring how food technology as a multi-pronged complex is deeply intertwined with the overall deterioration of the ecosystem. It points out that to evaluate genetechnology and to deal with the ecological, economic, political, and cultural
changes it evokes deserve extensive consideration and far-ranging joint efforts. Chapter three traces the nostalgia and desire depicted in C Pam Zhang’s Land of Milk and Honey, and examines consumption patterns with Jean Baudrillard’s theory of the simulacra. It further analyzes how human nostalgia and desire driven by capital result in excessive consumption, leading to a relentless pursuit of technological advancement and contributing to development of the self-cannibalizing tendencies of a late capitalist society. In the conclusion part, based on an understanding of the entanglement of multispecies collectives and enmeshed environments, this dissertation calls for an acknowledgement of the urgency to achieve a more sustainable balance between technological advancement and humanist ethics, and to redefine ontological beings, no matter about human, nonhuman or nature, as well as their  interrelationships.

Introduction................................................................................ 1
Food and Technology in the Anthropocene ...................................................................... 3
Literature Review......................................................................................9
Food Narrative and Science Fiction ............................................................................9
Studies on Food Narrative in SF...............................................................................17
Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................22
Ecocriticism in the Anthropocene .............................................................................23
Eco-gastrocriticism: Hybrid Methodologies.............................................................26
Focal Texts..................................................................................... 31
Chapter Overview.................................................................................. 37
Chapter One
Modern Appetite: Chemical Toxin and Industrialized Agro-pastoralism in Wells’ Scientific Romance .......................................................................................... 41
A Techno-optimistic Future of Food in The Food of the Gods and The First Men in the Moon ........................................................................................... 44
Progress Mystery and Chemical Nutrition in The Food of the Gods........................46
Industrialized Agro-pastoralism and Hive-structured Systematic Governance in The First Men in the Moon ................................................................................. 54
Shadow of Evolutionary Food System.............................................................................60
Food-induced Biological and Societal Anomaly in The Food of the Gods.............. 61
The Degeneration of Remodeled Selenite Body in The First Men in the Moon ...... 65
Ethical Process, Bio-political Implications and Ontological Confusion..........................74
Bio-power in Ethical Process: Societal Governance and Scientific Education ........ 75
Dehumanized Being and Ontological Confusion......................................................83
Chapter Two
Seed Trafficking: Transmuted Bodies, Symbiosis and Neo-Colonization in The Windup Girl....................................................................................... 89
GMO, Monoculture and Symbiosis................................................................................. 95
Patented Trafficked Seeds, Corporate Control and Neo-Colonization......................... 107
Disabled Bodies and Environmental Justice ..................................................................113
Chapter Three
Nurturing the Nature: Nostalgia, Enclave and Ethical Storm in Land of Milk and Honey ..........................................................................................125
Nostalgia and the Construction of an Edenic Enclave ...................................................126
Consumption of Food and “Others” in the Enclave .......................................................139
Technology: Enframing and Ethics................................................................................150
Conclusion
Hybrid Bodies, Transformative Technology, and Post-humanist Way of Being .......... 163
Works Cited ......................................................................................... 180

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