目錄
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻探討 5
第三節 研究途徑與方法 14
第四節 研究架構、範圍與限制 16
第五節 名詞解釋 19
第二章 美國運載火箭發展分析 22
第一節 美國運載火箭發展背景與歷史 22
第二節 美國官方單位職權、太空政策及計畫 30
第三節 民營火箭企業發展現況與策略 60
第四節 美國運載火箭公私合作關係 70
第五節 小結 75
第三章 中國運載火箭發展分析 76
第一節 中國運載火箭發展背景與歷史 76
第二節 中國官方單位職權、太空政策及計畫 88
第三節 民營火箭企業發展現況與策略 107
第四節 中國運載火箭公私合作關係 118
第五節 小結 122
第四章 美國與中國運載火箭發展比較 124
第一節 發展歷史與背景差異與影響 124
第二節 組織與政策計畫差異與影響 131
第三節 美中太空運輸能量差異 139
第四節 公私合作模式差異 144
第五章 結論 147
第一節 研究總結 147
第二節 未來研究建議 149
參考文獻 150

圖目錄
圖1-1：研究架構圖 16
圖2-1：發射服務計畫任務規劃時程 47
圖2-2：商業軌道運輸計畫第二階段所使用太空船 51
圖2-3：SLS運載火箭型別配置 55
圖2-4：太空企業、政府及國會互動關係圖 73
圖3-1：中國1990至2023年運載火箭發射次數與GDP趨勢圖 85
圖3-2：寧波象山國際商業發射中心建設對比圖 98
圖3-3：運載火箭技術研究院火箭型譜 110
圖3-4：上海航天技術研究院火箭型譜 111
圖4-1：「阿提米絲計畫」中的「月球門戶」系統各單位責任部件 134
圖4-2：《阿提米絲協議》簽署國及國際月球科研站成員國分布圖 138
圖4-3：美中2000年至2023年發射次數趨勢圖 139
圖4-4：美中2000年至2023年發射次數(星鏈部署次數另計) 140
圖4-5：美中2000年至2023年發射酬載重量總和 141
圖4-6：美中運載火箭性能分布圖 142
圖4-7：美中運載火箭發射成本分布圖 143

表目錄
表2-1：1957年美國所掌握11種導彈/火箭諸元情況 24
表2-2：美國國家航空暨太空總署任務委員會及研究單位職掌 33
表2-3：美國太空政策指令重點 40
表2-4：美國太空政策文件比較表 44
表2-5：LSP計畫歷年預算 48
表2-6：美國民營企業於商業載人開發計畫所獲資金 49
表2-7：《阿提米絲協議》簽署國家 53
表2-8：SLS歷年計畫預算使用 55
表2-9：2018年迄今美國發射服務相關計畫合約授予運載火箭公司金額 71
表2-10：2014年至2023年太空企業遊說開支總額 73
表3-1：中國航天科技集團公司大型研究院業務 91
表3-2：中國航天科工集團公司大型研究院業務 92
表3-3：《2021中國的航天》各領域項目內容 94
表3-4：中國載人航天工程發射歷次及未來預劃任務 100
表3-5：中國探月工程（嫦娥工程）歷次及未來預劃任務情況 102
表3-6：簽署參與國際月球科研站國家表 105
表3-7：中國行星探測工程歷次及未來預劃任務情況 106
表3- 8：民營企業2019年2023年為止執行發射任務情況表 119

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共產黨員網，（2023年2月11日）。〈百年瞬間｜中國運載火箭技術研究院成立〉，《共產黨員網》，＜https://www.12371.cn/2021/11/16/VIDE1637040241226190.shtml＞。
孫丹、孫贇嘉、宗含，（2023年11月29日）。〈蒼穹逐夢系列（三）：遙感衛星行業股權投資法律要點全覽〉，《漢坤律師事務所》，＜https://www.hankunlaw.com/portal/article/index/cid/8/id/14141.html＞。
朱秋雨，（2024年1月6日）。〈到處搶人，中國民營火箭排隊上天〉，《南風窗》，＜https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/XgfkeT6K6Ml0zogLwyrnKg＞。
宋忠保、沈慧良，（2022年11月2日）。〈請歷史記住他們——中國科學家與“兩彈一星”〉，《科學時報社》，＜http://www.nssc.cas.cn/ztzl2015/zgkjkxzl2015/jnwj/201609/t201609064659279.html＞。
李豔玲、高天鼎，（2023年7月16日）。〈以新時代的航天精神建設航天強國〉，《求是網》，＜http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/2018-05/21/c1122853891.htm＞。
東方空間，（2024年1月13日）。〈引力火箭〉，《東方空間》，＜https://www.orienspace.com/productPage＞。
東方財富政劵，（2024年1月3日）。〈星河動力劉百奇：現在星多箭少怎麼看中國商業航天與馬斯克差距〉，《東方財富政劵》，＜https://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202203232320521246.html＞。
星河動力航天，（2024年1月3日）。〈PALLAS-1〉，《星河動力航天》，＜https://www.galacticenergy.cn/index.php/List/cid/2＞。
星河動力航天，（2024年1月3日）。〈關於我們〉，《星河動力航天》，＜https://galactic-energy.cn/index.php/List/cid/10＞。
星際榮耀，（2024年1月6日）。〈小型固體運載火箭〉，《星際榮耀》，＜http://www.i-space.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=4＞。
美國之音，（2024年2月1日）。〈中國強力宣傳「天宮」盤算取代美國領導的國際太空站〉，《美國之音》，＜https://www.voacantonese.com/a/china-touts-space-station-as-alternative-to-nasa-led-iss-20231005/7297786.html＞。
徐忠，（2022年11月15日）。〈周恩來的嚴實精神與“東方紅一號”的成功發射〉，《中國共產黨新聞網》，＜http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2017/0116/c85037-29025169.html＞。
浙江省人民政府辦公廳，（2021年5月6日）。〈浙江省重大建設項目“十四五”規劃〉，《浙江省人民政府辦公廳》，<https://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/5/17/art_1229019365_2284570.html>。
航天四院，（2024年1月13日）。〈重磅！航天四院助推全球起飛推力最大、首型全固體捆綁式運載火箭「引力一號」首飛成功〉，《航天四院》，＜https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/HWzcGp8AiipXj4YODgfSRA＞。
第一輸出管理事務所，（2023年3月29日）。〈中國航天科技集団の見取り図〉，《第一輸出管理事務所》，＜http://www.1st-xcont.com/CASCOverview.pdf＞。
陳永華，（2022年11月5日）。〈長征一號一線技術人員回憶“東方紅一號”發射背後的故事〉，《解放軍報》，＜http://www.dangjian.com/shouye/dangjianwenhua/hongsejingdian/202107/t202107066103099.shtml＞。
陳羽、嶽弘斌，（2023年7月16日）。〈太空軍到底是個什麼軍？〉，《解放軍報》，＜http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2020/0203/c1011-31568653.html＞。
湖北省人民政府辦公廳，（2024年2月1日）。〈湖北省突破性發展商業航天產業行動計畫〉，《湖北省人民政府辦公廳》，＜http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0526/c1002-32113984.html＞。
紫荊雜誌，（2023年11月1日）。〈中國載人月球探測工程登月階段任務最新進展情況公布〉，《紫荊雜誌》，＜https://bau.com.hk/article/2024-04/24/content_1232651971413934080.html＞。
搜狐，（2023年4月26日）。〈獨家專訪天兵科技康永來@英諾天使祝曉成|對話空天創造者〉，《搜狐》，＜https://www.sohu.com/a/509585326_100288030＞。
新華社，（2022年3月16日）。〈我國首次火星探測任務天問一號探測器成功著陸火星習近平代表黨中央、國務院和中央軍委致電祝賀韓正在北京觀看著陸情況〉，《新華社》，＜http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-05/15/c_1127448719.htm＞。
新華社，（2022年4月16日）。〈安排上了！未來我國還將實施火星取樣返回、木星系探測〉，《新華社》，＜https://www.hkcd.com/content_app/2023-04/24/content_1397040.html＞。
新華社，（2023年10月6日）。〈中國載人登月發展穩步推進，這些關鍵技術已獲突破〉，《新華社》，＜http://www.xinhuanet.com/mil/2023-06/08/c_1212196984.htm＞。
新華社，（2023年3月15日）。〈我國首次火星探測任務天問一號探測器成功著陸火星習近平代表黨中央、國務院和中央軍委致電祝賀韓正在北京觀看著陸情況〉，《新華社》，＜http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-05/15/c_1127448719.htm＞。
新華社，（2023年3月21日）。〈兩會授權發布：國務院機構改革方案，，〉，《新華社》，＜https://www.gov.cn/2008lh/content_921411.htm＞。
新華網，（2024年3月26日）。〈長征十二號運載火箭計畫今年首飛〉，《新華網》，＜http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.news.cn/tech/20240226/fa85e409ecb04423ad49472e66617a63/c.html＞。
楊昇儒，（2023年7月15日）。〈中共百年目標：訴諸民族主義的「中國夢」〉，《中央社》，＜https://project.cna.com.tw/20210601-China/202106043001＞。
運載火箭技術研究院，（2023年4月26日）。〈本院介紹〉，《運載火箭技術研究院》，＜http://www.calt.com/n481/n489/index.html＞。
撫州新聞網，（2023年3月15日）。〈國家航天局：中國火星探測任務今年正式立項〉，《撫州新聞網》，＜https://m.sohu.com/a/71167729_119926＞。
蔡雨婷，（2023年3月2日）。〈美太空作戰部長警告:中國是太空最大威脅已實驗了一系列武器〉，《Newtalk新聞》，＜https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2023-02-20/858312 ＞。
藍箭航天，（2024年1月13日）。〈關於我們〉，《藍箭航天》，＜https://www.landspace.com/about.html?mao=0＞。
蘇菁菁，（2023年7月15日）。〈國際觀察：人類命運共同體的太空征程，〉，《人民網》，＜http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0526/c1002-32113984.html＞。
二、外文文獻
（一）專書
Aliberti, Marco, 2015. When China Goes to the Moon.... New York: Springer.
Brooks, Courtney G., Grimwood, James M., and Swenson, Loyd S. Jr., 1979. Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft. The NASA History Series. Washington D.C.: Scientific and Technical Information Branch.
Central Intelligence Agency, 1964. Comparison of US and Estimated Soviet Expenditures For Space Programs. Washington D.C.: Office of Research and Report, CIA.
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, 2022. China’s Space Programme: From the Era of Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping. Berlin: Springer.
Chen, Yanping, 1999. China's Space Activities: Policy and Organization 1956-1986. Washington D.C.: The George Washington University
Dolman, Everett, 2002. Astropolitik: Classical Geopolitics in Space Age. London: Frank Cass.
Erickson, Mark, 2005. Into the Unknown Together The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight. Alabama: Air Univ Press.
Firefly Aerospace, 2022. "Alpha Payload User's Guide," Texas: Firefly Aerospace Company.
Goldman, Nathan C., 1992. Space Policy: An Introduction. Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Hardesty, Von and Eisman, Gene, 2007. Epic Rivalry: The Inside Story of the Soviet and American Space Race. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society.
Harvey, Bryan, 2004. China's Space Program: From Conception to Manned Spaceflight, New York: Springer
Hyatt III, James L.et al, eds., 1995. Space Power 2010. Maxwell: Air Command and Staff College.
Jenkins, Dennis R., 2017. Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013. Manchester: Crecy Publishing.
Jonson, Dana J., Pace, Scott and Gabbard, Bryan C., 1998. SPACE: Emerging Option for Notional Power. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Launius, Roger D., 2022. NASA to Now: The Frontiers of Air and Space in the American Century.  Washington D.C.: NASA History Program Office.
Logsdon, J.M., 1970. The Decision to Go to the Moon: Project Apollo and the National Interest. Massachusetts:  The MIT Press.
Lupton, David E., 1998. On Space Warfare: A Space Power Doctrine. Maxewll: Air Univ Press.
McDougall, Walter A., 1997. The Heavens and The Earth: A Political History of the Space Age. Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Meyskens, Covell F., 2020. Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pollpeter, Kevin, Ditter, Timothy, Miller, Anthony, and Waidelich, Brian, 2020. China’s Space Narrative. Montgomery: China Aerospace Studies Institute.
Rieger, Bernhard, 2005. Technology and the Culture of Modernity in Britain and Germany, 1890–1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schefter, James, 1999. The Race: The uncensored story of how America beat Russia to the Moon. New York: Doubleday.
Seedhouse, Erik, 2010. The New Space Race: China vs. USA.. New York: Springer.
Smith, M.V., 2001. Ten Propositions Regarding Spacepower. Maxewll: Air Univ Press.
Song, Zhengyu, Zhao, Dangjun, and Theil, Stephan, 2023. Autonomous Trajectory Planning and Guidance Control for Launch Vehicles. Berlin: Springer.
Stafford, Thomas P., 1991. America at the Threshold – Report of the Synthesis Group on America's Space Exploration Initiatives. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office.
（二）期刊論文
ABL Space Systems, 2022. "ABL Payload User’s Guide," ABL Space Systems Company,2022, pp. 4-6.
Ni, Adam and Gill, Bates, 2019. "The People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force: Update 2019," The Jamestown Foundation China Brief, Vol. 19, Issue 10, pp. 13-16..
Lele, Ajey , 2005. "China: A Growing Military Space Power," Astropolitics, vol. 3, no. 1, 2005, pp. 67-75..
Lee, Bowen , 1960. "The Threshold of Space: The Air Force in the National Space Program, 1945-1959," September, 1960, pp. 3-5..
McKay, Christopher P. , 2013. "The Case for a NASA Research Base on the Moon," New Space, Vol1, No.4, pp. 162-166.
Federal Aviation Administration, 2023. "Human Space Flight Occupant Safety Aerospace Rulemaking Committee Charter," April 21, 2023, , pp. 2-3.
Qisong, He , 2021. "China's Space Power Strategy in the New Era," Asian Perspective, Volume 45, Number 4, Fall 2021, , pp. 785-807.
Qian, Jiwei and Liu, Bojian , 2020. "China’s Space Industry: Background, Recent Developments and Challenges," EAI Background Brief ,No. 1571, pp. 14-16.
Klein, John J. , 2004. "Corbett in Orbit," Naval War College Review: Vol. 57: No. 1, Article 7., 2004, pp. 6-8.
Sayler, Kelley M. , 2023. "Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch," Congressional Research Service, Oct. 10, 2023, Ver.7,, pp. 2-7.
Smith, M. V., 2002. "Ten Propositions Regarding Spacepower," Fairchild Paper, Oct. 2002, pp. 35-91.
Julienne, Marc , 2021. "China's Ambitions in Space: The Sky's the Limit," Études de l’Ifri, Ifri, Jan. 2021, pp. 35-40.
Smith, Marcia S. , 2003. "CRS issue brief for Congress, space launch vehicles: government activities, commercial competition, and satellite exports," Congressional Research Service, 2006, pp. 11-13.
Harter, Mark E. , 2003. "Ten Propositions Regarding Space Power: The Dawn of a Space Force," Air Univ Maxwell AFB AL, Air & Space Power Journal Summer 2006, pp. 9-12.
N.S. Zhukov and R.I. Rylova, 2022. "Space Race Between The USSR And The USA," Current problems of aviation and astronautics 2022, pp. 1209-1211.
Launius, Roger D., 2004. "APOLLO: A Retrospective Analysis," Monographs in Aerospace History Number 3, NASA SP-2004-4503, July 2004, pp. 11-12.
Loo, Rory Van, 2019. "Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era," Faculty Scholarship, 2019, pp. 116-121.
Kan, Shirley, 2007. "China’s Destruction of its Satellite in Space," CRS Report for Congress, April 23, 2007., pp. 2-3.
McCall, Stephen, 2020. "Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch," Congressional Research Service, Dec. 30, 2020, Ver.2, pp. 2-3.
Everett, Terry, 2007. "Arguing for a Comprehensive Space Protection Strategy," Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, Fall 2007, pp. 20-35.
Gobarev, Viktor M., 1999. "Soviet Policy Toward China: Developing Nuclear Weapons 1949-1969," Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 12, no. 4 Dec. 1999, pp. 18-21.
Leary, Warren E., 1992. "Quayle's Influence Seen in NASA Shake-Up," The New York Times, Section 1, February 15, 1992, pp. 6-9.
（三）官方文件
Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense,“ Annual Report to Congress: Military Power of the People’s Republic of China 2008” , Apr. 2008.
National And Commercial Space Programs, U.S. Code, Ch. 51, secs. 50702.		Public Law 111–267, 42 U.S. Code 18321, Sec. 301, 42 U.S. Code 18322, Sec. 302, 42 U.S. Code 18323, Sec. 303
Space Capstone Publication, “Spacepower: Doctrine for Space Forces,” Headquarters, United States Space Force, Jun. 2020	
The White House, “National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” Dec. 18, 2017
The White House, “National Space Policy,” Washington DC, Dec. 9, 2020
The White House,” National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” The White House, United States of America, Dec. 2017	
The White House,” National Space Policy of the United States of America,” The White House, United States of America, Dec. 9, 2020
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, "Space and Counterspace Programs," Feb. 18, 2015.
US DoD Executive Services Directorate, “Selected Acquisition Report: National Security Space Launch,” Dec. 31,2021.
US–China Economic and Security Review Commission, “2011 Annual Report to Congress. US Government Printing Office”, Nov. 2011.
USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, “The Air Force in Space, Fiscal Year 1962,” Jun. 1966.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration	Habitable Exoplanet Observatory Final Report	Aug. 25, 2019.
Office of Inspector General, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Audit of Commercial Resupply Services to The International Space Station," Apr. 26, 2018.
Office of Inspector General, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Nasa's Management of The Artemis Missions," Nov. 15, 2021.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "National Space Exploration Campaign Report," Sep. 2018.
（四）網路資料
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Albon, Courtney, 2023/8/31. "Space Force responsive space mission enters ‘hot standby’ phase," C4ISR NET, <https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2023/08/30/space-force-responsive-space-mission-enters-hot-standby-phase/>.
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Berger, Eric, 2019/8/1. "The SLS rocket may have curbed development of on-orbit refueling for a decade," Ars Technica, <https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/>.
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Berger, Eric, 2023/8/25. "The Re-Flight of A Rutherford Engine Demonstrates Rocket Reuse Is Here To Stay," Ars Technica, <https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/08/rocket-lab-joins-spacex-in-re-flying-a-rocket-engine-to-space/>.
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