為了增進個人通訊系統覆蓋率並且增加系統容量來因應大量的行動設備需求。Femtocell是目前延伸行動通訊網路覆蓋範圍、及增加系統容量的方法，它將成為未來主流的解決方案。但整合架構的提出及存取控制的管理之中，安全，移動性的管理，以及干擾管理等各種挑戰伴隨而來。在可能會有大量Femtocells存在的情況下，存在過多的換手前置處理程序及不必要的換手是經常發生的。為了使Femtocell與Macrocell間必須平順無縫Mobility，因此需致力於設計適當換手機制及QoS參數設定最佳化等工作。本論文提出了一個在LTE-based網路下Femtocell與Macrocell間以QoS為基礎之換手決策機制。在Hybrid accessmode下換手滿足QoS並增進Femtocell Macrocell間的換手效率，避免過多的不必要換手及降低干擾。

The demand for high data rate for wireless communication is increasing tremendously. Current communication systems have to face many big challenges to support high wide band data access in the future. System vendors should improve system network to increasing coverage and capacity to face these challenges. Femtocell is the best way and key solution in this situation. But the network management and integration of femtocell with 3GPP macrocell networks that is different from the existing 3GPP networks need be proposed. Security, mobility management, and interference are also the main problem that need be solved. Due to huge number of possible femtocells, handover between macrocell and femtocell maybe cause many pre-handover procedures and unnecessary handover. This reasearch we design a Quality of Service Based Handover Scheme between Femtocell and Macrocell for LTE Networks. In hybrid access mode, we could consider the QoS level of services, interference in non-CSG members and reduce unnecessary handover to improve handover procedure more efficiency.

目錄
1     緒論 1
2     相關背景知識 3
2.1   Femtocell 基本概念 3
2.1.1 發展背景 4
2.1.2 Femtocell相關特性 5
2.2   相關標準3GPP 6
2.3   存取模式7
2.4   干擾管理 8
2.5   媒介獨立換手(Media Independent Handover ‐ MIH) 9
2.5.1 MIH的架構 10
2.5.2 MIH的服務 10
2.5.3 換手執行的MIHF 服務流程 11
2.6   主機識別協定 (Host Identity Protocol - HIP) 14
2.6.1 主機識別命名空間 14
2.6.2 主機識別層 15
2.6.3 HIP基本交換 16
2.6.4 HIP及Rendezvous Extension 16
2.7   Diameter協定 18
2.7.1 Diameter NAS Application 19
2.7.2 Diameter NAS Application 訊息交換 20
3     LTE femtocell架構 21
4     換手策略與實驗結果討論 23
4.1   The hand‐in procedures for CSG users 24
4.2   The hand‐in procedures for non‐CSG users 26
5     結論及未來研究 29
參考文獻 30
附錄—英文論文 32

圖目錄
圖1.  Femtocell 存取基本架構 5
圖2.  存取控制管理劇本 7
圖3.  下行干擾 8
圖4.  上行干擾 8
圖5.  共同的MIHF參考模型及SAPs 10
圖6.  遠端及本地命令 11
圖7.  遠端及本地事件 12
圖8.  換手執行的MIHF服務流程 13
圖9.  識別主機的方法 14
圖10. 主機識別層	15
圖11. HIP基本交換	16
圖12. RVS改變IP位址 17
圖13. Diameter基本協定和Diameter應用的關係 18
圖14. Diameter NAS Application訊息交換 20
圖15. LTE femtocell參考架構 21
圖16. Femtocell 網路環境下之換手策略	 23
圖17. The hand‐in procedures for CSG users 24
圖18. The hand‐in procedures for non‐CSG users 26
圖19. Hand‐out procedures 28

表目錄
表1.  WiFi IP分享器、Femtocell及3G Repeater的比較 4
表2.  Femtocell的相關名詞(3GPP) 6
表3.  符號意義 17

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[13]R. Moskowitz, et al., “Host Identity Protocol,” RFC 5201, April 2008.
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[19]IEEE P802.21/D14, “Draft IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Independent Handover Services,” Sep. 2008.
[20]J. Laganier, et al., “Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Rendezvous Extension,” RFC 5204, April 2008.
[21]P. Calhoun, et al., “Diameter base protocol,” RFC 3588, September 2003.
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[23]P. Calhoun, et al., “Diameter Network Access Server Application,” RFC 4005, August 2005
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