台灣像一個主權國家一樣運作，但它被否認和缺乏適當的國際承認。雖然它試圖被納入多邊和國際組織，但在大多數方面都失敗了。它尋求更大的國際參與已成為一種普遍現象，也是當前的熱門話題和熱議話題。它曾面臨無數挑戰。
該研究旨在考察台灣對參與國際和多邊組織的追求。它識別並描述了台灣作為一個異常國家尋求國際參與的挑戰和機遇。聯合國作為案例研究，評估台灣在尋求國際參與時所面臨的挑戰，而世貿組織則作為案例研究，評估台灣參與國際的機會。
定性方法被用來探索可用的文獻，並從關於確定主題的不同論點中得出推論。為了回答首要問題，該研究提出了四個子問題。即： 1. 阻
礙台灣加入聯合國的潛在因素是什麼？ 2. 什麼因素使台灣能夠加入
世貿組織？ 3. 如何克服台灣面臨的挑戰？ 4. 台灣作為自治國家的未來生存是否取決於其是否被納入國際和多邊組織？
這項研究的結果表明，台灣目前的異常狀態對其尋求國際參與構成了相當大的挑戰，因此必須採取務實的步驟來最大限度地發揮其自治姿態。這項研究聲稱完全獨立和改變台灣的憲法作為糾正台灣在國際社會中命運多舛的地位的方法。分析了台灣的政治和國際困境，發現台灣人民通過自決原則有能力將台灣轉變為無可爭議的主權國家。

Taiwan functions like a sovereign state but it is denied and devoid of proper international recognition. While it has attempted to be included in multilateral and international organizations, it has failed on most counts. Its quest for greater international participation has become a common phenomenon, and a current topical and hotly debated topic. It has faced countless challenges.
The research sought to examine Taiwan’s quest for participation in international and multilateral organizations. It identified and described the challenges and opportunities of Taiwan’s quest for international participation as an anomalous state. The United Nations was used as a case study to assess the challenges confronting Taiwan in its quest for international participation, while the WTO was used as a case study to assess the opportunities of Taiwan’s international participation.
Qualitative methods were used to probe the available literature and draw inferences from the different arguments on the determined topic. In an attempt to answer the overarching question, the study posed four sub questions. i.e.: 1. What are the underlying factors hindering Taiwan from joining the UN? 2. What factors enabled Taiwan’s membership in the WTO? 3. How can the challenges confronting Taiwan be overcome? 4. Does Taiwan’s future survival as a self- governing state depend on its inclusion in international and multilateral organizations?
The findings of this study revealed that Taiwan’s current anomalous status poses considerable challenges to its quest for international participation, and as such must take pragmatic steps to maximize it self-governing posture. This study purports complete independence and a change Taiwan’s constitution as ways to correct Taiwan’s ill-fated status within the international community. Having analyzed Taiwan’s political and international dilemma, it was found that the Taiwanese people through the principle of self-determination has the power to transform Taiwan into an undisputed sovereign state.

CHAPTER 1: Introduction	1
1.1 Overview	1
1.2 Background	3
1.3 Aim/Objective of Study	6
1.4 Research Statement of the Problem	8
1.4.1 Research Questions	9
1.5 International and Multilateral Organizations	9
1.6 Theoretical Approaches	11
1.6.1 Realism/Neo-Realism	13
1.6.2 Liberalism	14
1.6.3 Globalization	15
1.6.4 Sovereignty	17
1.6.5 Self-determination	17
1.6.6 Foreign Policy Analysis	18
1.7 Literature Review	19
1.8 Research Framework	25
1.9 Domain/Scope of Research	26
1.10 Restrictions/Delimitations	27
Chapter 2: Taiwan: An Overview	28
2.1 Historical Perspective	28
2.2 From Chinese to Japanese to Chinese Rule	28
2.2.1 Chinese Rule 1662-1895	28
2.2.2 Japanese Rule 1895-1945	29
2.2.3 Chinese Rule 1949 – Present?	29
2.3 The Constitution of Taiwan	30
2.4 Taiwan’s Major Political Parties: Ideologies	32
2.4.1 The KMT	32
2.4.2 The DPP	33
2.5 The Taiwanese People: Perceptions on National Issues	33
2.6 Foreigners Perception of Taiwan’s International Exclusion	35
2.7 Taiwan: A Problem that Requires a Solution	37
Chapter 3: The United Nations: Taiwan’s Exclusion	39
3.1 The Origins of the United Nations	39
3.2 Taiwan's Participation in the United Nations: Backdrop	40
3.3 Proposals for Taiwan’s UN Inclusion	42
3.4 Taiwan and the WHA/WHO	44
3.5 Theoretical Application to Taiwan and the United Nations	49
3.6 Challenges to Taiwan’s UN Quest	52
Chapter 4: Taiwan and the WTO	61
4.1 Historical Overview	61
4.2 GATT	62
4.3 The WTO	63
4.4 The Structure of the WTO	65
4.5 Functions of the WTO	65
4.6 Trade Rules	66
4.7 Arguments Against the WTO	67
4.8 Taiwan’s Acceptance into WTO	69
4.8.1 Taiwan, the WTO, and Globalization	72
4.8.2 Factors That Enabled Taiwan’s WTO Membership	75
4.8.3 Opportunities of Taiwan’s WTO Membership	76
Chapter 5: Results/ Discussion	78
5.1 Categorical Implications of Taiwan’s International Engagement	88
5.1.1 Political Implications	88
5.1.2 Economic Implications	90
5.1.3 National Security Implications	91
5.1.4 Diplomatic and International Implications	92
5.2 How can the Challenges Be Overcome?	96
5.3 Does Taiwan’s survival as a self-governing state depend on its participation in global institutions?	98
Chapter 6: Conclusion/Recommendation	102
6.1 Conclusion	102
6.2 Recommendation	108
6.3 Future Study	108
Bibliography	110

List of Tables
Table 1: Taiwan’s Bid for WHA/WHO 1997-2019 ....................................................... 44
Table 2: Taiwan’s Bid for Re-entry in UN 1993-2015 .................................................. 53
Table 3: Taiwan’s World Economic Ranking GDP (PPP) 1980-2020 .......................... 68
Table 4: Names used by Taiwan in International and Multilateral Organizations......... 83

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