Covid-19大流行對全球產生了重大的影響，除了最直接的健康衛生影響外，還改變了社會規範、人們的心理框架和各國的醫療保健制度等。本研究探討文化因素對東西方國家應對Covid-19大流行時的回應，不同國家的應對策略深受其文化背景的影響，也顯示在防禦Covid-19時的有效性。這些差異主要歸因於東方集體主義和西方個人主義的文化層面，極大地影響疫情期間的政策制定和衛生管理措施。
    在COVID-19疫情期間，配戴口罩是減少其傳播與預防的有效措施，而隨著疫苗接種普及與口罩禁令的解除，醫用口罩的需求急遽下降。本研究接著針對在後疫情時代，客戶對醫用口罩使用需求的迅速變化和滿意度分析，透過採用Garvin 的產品品質框架、Kano二維模型和顧客滿意度係數分析，研究品質屬性對客戶滿意度的不同影響。結果顯示客戶對績效和符合性在產品屬性中具有關鍵的作用，而對美學和認知則較不重視。
    本研究深入探討Covid-19疫情及其影響期間的多方面挑戰和應對措施，並強調文化差異在健康危機管理中的重要性；此外，本研究為醫用口罩製造商提供了可行的見解，以適應不斷變化的客戶需求並維持市場競爭力。這項研究不僅提供疫情應對策略的討論和分析，也為全球健康危機管理提供了寶貴的視角，為應對未來健康危機提供更全面的適應性策略。

The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly escalated into a global crisis, significantly impacting healthcare systems worldwide. Beyond the immediate health implications, the pandemic reshaped societal norms, mental health frameworks, and healthcare delivery mechanisms. This study investigates the impact of cultural factors on the responses of Eastern and Western countries to the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategies adopted by different countries are deeply influenced by their cultural backgrounds, reflecting the effectiveness of their COVID-19 defenses. These differences are attributed to the cultural dimensions of Eastern collectivism and Western individualism, which shaped policy-making and health intervention measures during the pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks was an effective measure to reduce its transmission and prevention, but with the widespread vaccination and lifting of mask bans, the demand for medical masks has dropped sharply. As COVID-19 evolves, the post-pandemic era brings changes in various aspects, particularly in the face mask market. The study further analyzes the rapid changes in customer demand and satisfaction concerning medical mask usage in the post-pandemic era. By employing Garvin's product quality framework, the Kano two-dimensional model, and customer satisfactioncoefficient analysis, the study demonstrates the different impacts of quality attributes on customer satisfaction and requirements. The findings indicate that performance and compliance are critical in product attributes, while aesthetics and perception are less prioritized.

This research provides an in-depth examination of the various challenges and response measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the importance of cultural differences in health crisis management. Moreover, the study offers practical insights for medical face mask manufacturers to adapt to the evolving needs of customers. This research not only discusses and analyzes pandemic response strategies but also provides valuable perspectives on global health crisis management, offering comprehensive adaptive strategies for future health crises.

Table of Contents
中文論文提要	i
英文論文提要	ii
Table of Contents I
List of Figures	V
List of Tables	VI
1. Introduction	1
1.1 Research Background	1
1.2 Research Motivation and Objectives	2
1.2.1 Research Motivation	2
1.2.2 Research Objectives	3
1.3 Scope and Subjects of the Research	4
1.4 The Logic Flow of the Research	5
2. Literature Review	9
2.1 Culture	9
2.1.1 Definition of Culture	9
2.1.2 Cultural Dimensions	13
2.1.3 Western Culture	16
2.1.4 Eastern Culture	21
2.1.5 Cultural Impact	25
2.1.6 Policy Making and Responses	27
2.2 The Covid-19 Pandemic	30
2.2.1 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	30
2.2.2 Spread and Prevention of COVID-19	33
2.2.3 The Post-Pandemic Era	35
2.3 Quality and Features of a Face Mask	38
2.3.1 Definition of Quality	38
2.3.2 Features of a Face Mask	40
2.3.3 Garvin Quality Framework	43
2.4 Kano Two-Dimensional Model	49
2.4.1 Two-Dimensional Quality	50
2.4.2 Quality Attributes and Benefits of Kano Two-Dimensional Model	52
2.4.3 Studies that employ the Kano Two-Dimensional Model	56
2.4.4 Customer Satisfaction Coefficient (CS-coefficient)	59
3. Methodology	64
3.1 The Number of Confirmed Cases in Eastern and Western countries	64
3.1.1 Data Sources and Collection	64
3.1.2 Tools for Data Analysis	64
3.2 Kano Questionnaire	66
3.2.1 Questionnaire Design	67
3.2.2 Validity and Reliability Assessment	70
4. Empirical Analysis	72
4.1 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Continent for Year 2020-2023	72
4.2 Cultural Foundations and Global Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic	73
4.2.1 Responses in Eastern Countries to the COVID-19 Pandemic	73
4.2.2 Responses in Western Countries to the COVID-19 Pandemic	80
4.3 Evolution and Changes in the Post-Pandemic Era	89
4.3.1 Evolution of Global Responses to COVID-19: From Crisis to Adaptation	89
4.3.2 Evolution of Face Masks: From Protection to Fashion and Innovation	89
4.4 Quality Attributes and Customer Satisfaction	91
4.4.1 Sample Characteristics and Data Collection	91
4.4.2 Classification and Analysis of Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Attributes	93
4.4.3 Analysis of Seven Dimensions of a Face Mask	117
4.4.4 Analysis of Customer Satisfaction (CS-coefficient)	118
5. Conclusion and Recommendations	123
5.1 Exploring Eastern and Western Cultures’ Responses to the COVID-19	123
5.1.1 Western Culture Responses to COVID-19	123
5.1.2 Eastern Culture Response to COVID-19	124
5.1.3 Cultural Differences in Responding COVID-19	125
5.1.4 Culture-Compassed Navigation of Global Health Crisis Management	127
5.2 Interpretative Analysis of Quality Attributes	129
5.3 Recommendations	132
5.3.1 Analysis of Cultural Contexts in Health Policy Management	132
5.3.2 Analysis of Product Quality and Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Attributes	133
References	134
Appendix	168

Table of Figures
Figure 1.1 The Logic Flow of the Research	8
Figure 2.1 Eight Quality Dimensions 	45
Figure 2.2 Purposes of the Garvin’s Quality Framework Usage 	47
Figure 2.3 The Motivator-Hygiene Theory 	51
Figure 2.4 The Kano Model	53
Figure 3.1 Conceptual Framework	67
Figure 4.1 Distribution of COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Continent 
                 (2020-2023)	72
Figure 4.2 Geography Distribution of COVID-19 Case Numbers in Asia	75
Figure 4.3 Distribution of COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Eastern Countries for 
                  Year 2020-2023	78
Figure 4.4 Cumulative Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Per Million People for Year
                  2020-2023 in Eastern Countries	79
Figure 4.5 Geography Distribution of COVID-19 Case Numbers in Europe	83
Figure 4.6 Geography Distribution of COVID-19 Case Numbers in North America	84
Figure 4.7 Distribution of COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Western Countries for 
                  Year 2020-2023	87
Figure 4.8 Cumulative Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Per Million People for Year 2020-2023 
                  in Western Countries	88
Figure 4.9 CS quadrant matrix	119

List of Tables
Table 2.1 Descriptions of the Key Events During COVID-19	31
Table 2.2 Definition of Garvin Quality Dimensions	44
Table 2.3 Kano Evaluation Table	55
Table 2.4 Related Studies of the Kano Two-Dimensional Model	58
Table 3.1 Feature Measurements of a Face Mask	68
Table 3.2 The Content and the Dimensions of Each Item	69
Table 3.3 Kano Evaluation Table for Features of a Face Mask	70
Table 4.1 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Singapore for Year 2020-2023	76
Table 4.2 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by South Korea for Year 2020-2023	76
Table 4.3 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Japan for Year 2020-2023	77
Table 4.4 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by China for Year 2020-2023	77
Table 4.5 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by France for Year 2020-2023	85
Table 4.6 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Italy for Year 2020-2023	        85
Table 4.7 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Norway for Year 2020-2023	86
Table 4.8 COVID-19 Cases Per Million People by Sweden for Year 2020-2023	86
Table 4.9 Demographic Profile	92
Table 4.10 The Category Results of the Kano Classification	94
Table 4.11 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis by Gender	97
Table 4.12 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis by Age	99
Table 4.13 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis by Residence	102
Table 4.14 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis for Students and Non-Students
                  	105
Table 4.15 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis for Different Education Levels
                  	107
Table 4.16 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis for Purchase Frequencies	109
Table 4.17 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis for Different Purchase 
Quantities	112
Table 4.18 Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model Analysis for Different Purchase Locations      	115
Table 4.19 Items Located in Each Quadrant	120

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