印尼是擁有34個省份和2.64億人民的大國，也是一個堅持民主主義與統一政府制度的國家。印尼中央政府與地方政府之間的權力分配關係，通常被稱為「地方分權」(Decentralization)制度， 亦即排除中央集權，而分散國家權力到全國各地的「權力下放」制度，它給予地方政府充足的空間，來開發地方潛能，以建立優良的政府，及提供各項公共服務。2011年，隨著全球「開放政府」(Open Government) 夥伴關係的啟動，「開放政府」成為世界歷史的新典範， 印尼是創始國之一，直接影響其政治狀況，也導致國內對「開放」的要求。「開放政府夥伴關係」帶來的三個主要課題是「透明度」(Transparency)，「合作」(Collaboration) 和「參與」(Participation)，其主要目標在於政府能夠落實提供最佳的公共服務。本研究的主要對象是中爪哇省政府所實施的「開放政府系統」（Open Government System）。2018年中爪哇省有3,200萬人口，經濟成長率為5.32％，是印尼的一個重要省份，這些條件使中爪哇省被選為本研究的戰略領域. 研究結果顯示，中爪哇省執行「開放政府」的成效良好。 就「領導」(Leadership) 面向而言，Ganjar Pranowo 省長在推行透明政府方面有一個相當好的計劃， 這點可由他自信地邀請人民團體來共同維護誠信和鼓勵反腐敗行為得到印證。 在「公共政策」(Public Policy) 方面, 中爪哇省政府的表現尚未臻理想，到目前只有一項法規，即由省長頒布有關保護公共資訊發佈的「資料中心系統」規則， 因此，所有省轄部門仍然使用個別機構發佈的諸多不同規則來執行任務。中爪哇採行「開放政府」所帶來的創新則為「政府資源管理系統」（Government Resource Management System,，簡稱 GRMS）。 這是一個先期計劃(pilot program)，包括「放寬訊息存取」及「簡化行政流程」等項目，具體的工具包含「電子規劃」(e-Planning)、「電子預算」(e-Budgeting)、「電子遞送」(e-Delivery) 及「電子管理考核」(e-Controlling)等等。本研究發現，中爪哇省的GRMS運作還欠理想，許多工具尚無法正常運行，而某些數據無法找到。針對這些缺點，中爪哇省政府已經提出了一項出色的對策，並獲得多種獎項的肯定，進一步發展的前景看好。

Indonesia is a big country with 34 provinces and 264 million citizens. Indonesia is also a country that adheres to democracy with a unitary state system. Between the central government and local governments, there has been a division of power which is often referred to as “Decentralization”. Decentralisation provides an ample space to develop local potential in delivering public services and creating good government. In 2011, it became a new historical record in the world with the launch of the Open Government partnership. Indonesia was one of the founding countries. With a direct impact on Indonesia's political condition, which is also required to lead to openness. The three main issues brought in Open Government Partnerships are transparency, collaboration, and participation. In this research, the main object of study was the Central Java provincial government in implementing the open government system. Central Java is a large province in Indonesia with 32 million population and economic growth net of 5.32% in 2018, making Central Java a strategic study area of this research. The results indicate that the Central Java Province has run “Open Government” well. In terms of leadership, Governor Ganjar Pranowo has a reasonably good plan in running a transparent government. A part of which was manifested in his assertiveness in inviting civil apparatus to uphold honesty and encourages anti-corruption behaviours. In terms of public policy, the Provincial Government of Central Java has not yet optimal. It only has one regulation, namely “the governor regulation on Data Centre Systems” that protect the disclosure of public information. As a result, the implementation at the departmental level still uses many rules issued by individual agencies. The innovation generated from the application of the Open Government in Central Java was the Government Resources Management System (GRMS). This is a pilot program which has several tools to ease information accessing and also simplify the administrative work. The tools included: e-planning, e-budgeting, e-delivery, e-controlling and several others. According to the research findings, the operation of GRMS is not yet optimal. Many tools are still not functioning properly, as some data cannot be found. With all the shortcomings, the Central Java provincial government has addressed an excellent strategy that is indicated by aerosol prestigious national awards received

Table of Contents
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION	1
1.1	Research Topic	1
1.2	Research Questions	4
1.3	Research Motivation	5
1.4	Research Methodology	5
1.5	Conceptual Definition	7
1.6	Expected Research Outcome	8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW	10
2.1	Decentralisation	10
2.1.1	Leadership theory	16
2.1.2	Public Policy	18
2.2	Open Governments	21
2.2.1	Collaboration	24
2.2.2	Transparency	26
2.2.3	Public Participation	29
2.3	Technology Innovation	32
2.3.1	E-Government	32
CHAPTER III: THE PROFILE OF CENTRAL JAVA	35
3.1	Geographic	35
3.2	Population	37
3.3	Economy Growth	38
3.4	Governor Profile	41
3.5	The List of Awards	43
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION OF OPEN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE	51
4.1	Leadership Factor	51
4.2	Public Policy factor	57
CHAPTER V: OPEN GOVERNMENT IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION	65
5.1	Development Planning Conference (Musrenbang)	65
5.2	Technology Innovation Sector (Government Resource Management System)	69
5.2.1	E-Budgeting	73
5.2.2	E-Project Planning	76
5.2.3	E-Controlling	78
5.2.4	E-Delivery	79
Chapter VI: CONCLUSION	80
6.1	Summary	80
6.2	Conclusion	87
Bibliography	90


 
List of Figures
FIGURE 1 1: INDONESIAN OPEN GOVERNMENT PROCESS	2
FIGURE 1 2:  THE CENTRAL JAVA DATA PORTAL	3
FIGURE 1 3: RESEARCH DESIGN	6
FIGURE 2 1: STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT IN INDONESIAN	14
FIGURE 2 2: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION	31
FIGURE 3 1: MAPS AND LOGO OF CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE	35
FIGURE 3 2: REGIONAL INCOME FOR CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE	38
FIGURE 3 3: ECONOMIC GROWTH EVERY YEAR IN CENTRAL JAVA AND NATIONAL	40
FIGURE 3 4: AWARD AS PROVINCE OF CARING FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 2017	43
FIGURE 3 5: AWARD OF THE BEST STATE ADMINISTRATORS' WEALTH REPORT	44
FIGURE 3 6: AWARD AS PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT PUBLIC INFORMATION QUALIFICATION WITH THE BEST VALUE	46
FIGURE 3 7: AWARD AS THE BEST GOVERNMENT AGENCY PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM 2018	48
FIGURE 4 1: OECD RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT DIGITAL GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES	56
FIGURE 4 2: SUPPORTING RULES FOR OPEN GOVERNMENT IN INDONESIA	60
FIGURE 5 1: DEVELOPMENT PLANNING CONFERENCE (MUSRENBANG)	65
FIGURE 5 2: PROCESS OF DISCUSSION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS IN THE MUSRENBANG	69
FIGURE 5 3: GOVERNMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF CENTRAL JAVA	71
FIGURE 5 4: ROADMAP DEVELOPING GOVERNMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM	73
FIGURE 5 5: E-BUDGETING INTERFACE PROGRAM	74
FIGURE 5 6: E-PLANNING PROGRAMS	77
FIGURE 5 7:  E-CONTROLLING SYSTEM	78
FIGURE 5 8: E-DELIVERY SYSTEM	79


List of Tables

TABLE 3 1: Economic Growth in the Java Region	39
TABLE 4 1: OPEN DATA BAROMETER SCORE AND CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX SCORE	55

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