系統識別號 | U0002-0902201109490700 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2011.00278 |
論文名稱(中文) | 影響東南亞五國經濟成長因素之研究-以亞洲金融風暴後十二年為例 |
論文名稱(英文) | The Factors Influencing Economic growth in five countries of Southeast Asian: After 1997 Asian Financial Crisis as 12 years. |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 東南亞研究所碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Graduate Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 99 |
學期 | 1 |
出版年 | 100 |
研究生(中文) | 馬瑞斌 |
研究生(英文) | Jui-Pin Ma |
學號 | 696260206 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | 英文 |
口試日期 | 2011-01-11 |
論文頁數 | 148頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
陳建甫
委員 - 李美賢 委員 - 陳鴻瑜 |
關鍵字(中) |
東南亞 亞洲金融風暴 Panel Data模型 全球化 全球治理 |
關鍵字(英) |
Southeast Asia Asian Financial Crisis Panel Data Globalization Global governance |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
亞洲金融風暴發生,東南亞五國人均GDP越高國家重創幅度越大,起步較晚的越南受創程度較其他東南亞四國來得小。因此,本研究希望瞭解究竟什麼因素是影響東南亞五國經濟成長的因素,透過Panel Data的連續性長時間的測度,來探討各國影響其經濟成長的驅動因子。 本研究利用Panel Data分析解釋變項對被解釋變項影響程度;先透過統計軟體Minitab及SPSS12.0圖表製成來檢視解釋變數與被解釋變數的趨勢變化,透過歸納分析東南亞五國變項對其經濟成長的走勢關係;透過統計軟體Eviews 6.0來實證東南亞五國十二年之間影響經濟成長之變項。 研究發現,不論是國際金融層面、政府治理層面、產業結構層面,還是人力資本層面,層面底下的解釋變數,都可能是影響東南亞國經濟成長的因素,且各國顯著性影響變數皆不盡相同;過去研究只偏重於單一層面變數探討該國經濟成長,因此本研究以亞洲金融風暴後東南亞區域,透過全球化理論、全球治理理論、經濟成長理論所延伸的變項進行分析;由於過去實證方法皆以透過單一層面解釋變數進行測度,若只考量單一層面解釋變項進行分析並不完全。 其次,在亞洲金融風暴十二年,國外直接投資對經濟成長影響性,只有泰國為顯著性影響;貿易淨流量部份印尼及馬來西亞,對經濟成長為顯著性影響;貪腐部份,泰國及馬來西亞對經濟成長為顯著性影響;農業生產力部份,印尼、馬來西亞、越南對其經濟成長為顯著性影響;製造業生產力部份,馬來西亞、泰國對其經濟成長為顯著性影響;農業生產力印尼、馬來西亞、越南對其經濟成長為顯著性影響;失業率部份泰國、菲律賓、馬來西亞對其經濟成長為顯著性影響;教育支出占總支出比例,不影響東南亞五國經濟成長。 本研究結論認為亞洲金融風暴後十二年,泰國政府放寬投資法案,使國外直接投資對於經濟成長有明顯影響,尤其是2004年後兩者變動。印尼天然性能源豐富,使其貿易順差支撐亞洲金融風暴經濟成長;馬來西亞受國家工業政策影響,使電子商品及製造業商品帶動整體貿易出口提升。馬來西亞因Anwar事件和泰國總理大選弊陋,使得兩國政府的不穩定。東南亞五國中馬來西亞及泰國的國家政策,使這兩國製造業生產力有效成長,帶動國家經濟成長。印尼及越南本身農業出口大國,因此農業生產力對國家經濟成長是有影響;馬來西亞在2000年後,農業部門發展成為重點目標,間接提升國家農業出口項目,帶動國家經濟成長。失業一直是菲律賓重要問題,對經濟成長影響仍延續至亞洲金融風暴後;馬來西亞透過人力發展基金, 提升整體就業表現,影響國家經濟的成長。 |
英文摘要 |
In the past, the five Southeast Asian countries's GDP per capita were increasing. It would be slide down, when the Asian financial crisis happening. Vietnam’s development level is later than other four countries in Southeast Asia which is loss less than others. We want to know what factors affect the growth of the five countries in Southeast Asia, through using Panel Data to measure the continuity information what is the countries of the driving factors causes economic growth. This Study uses Panel Data analyzing independent variables that what affects for dependent variables. Through the statistical software Minitab and SPSS12.0 to make the chart and examine the different between independent variables and dependent variables. Through Inductive analysis analyzes variable relationship between economic growth trends of five countries in Southeast Asia. Through statistical software Eviews6.0 to examine five countries of Southeast Asia what variable affects economic growth between 12 years. The study result regardless of the international financial aspect, the governance aspect, the industrial structure aspect, or the human capital aspect. The aspect's dependent variables may affect the Southeast Asian economic growth of factors. Every Countries's significant variables are different, the past research emphasis on one aspect, only variables of the country's economic growth. This study is research Southeast Asia region after Asian financial crisis, through the theory of globalization, global governance theory and economic growth theory to analyze variables. In the past, they were also through a single aspect's independent variable to measure. If it only considered a single aspect's independent variables to analysis that were not complete. Second, this study found that during the Asian financial crisis years, foreign direct investment affect economic growth that is only a significant impact in Thailand. Trade net flow affects the economic growth significant in Indonesia and Malaysia. In corruption, Thailand and Malaysia are significant impact on economic growth. In agricultural productivity, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam are significant impact on economic growth. In manufacturing productivity, economic growth is significant impact on Malaysia and Thailand. In agricultural productivity, economic growth is significant impact on Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Unemployment rate is significant impact on economic growth in Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia. The education expenditure on total expenditure proportion had no affect on economic growth in the five countries of Southeast Asia. The study concludes, after the Asian financial crisis 12 years, the Thai government loose the Investment Act, the foreign direct investment has been significantly affected economic growth, especially they were changed after 2004. In Indonesia, natural sources of energy is plentiful, the trade surplus supports economic growth in the Asian financial crisis; Malaysia is affected the state industrial policy, making the electronics and manufacturing industries lead the overall export goods increased. Malaysia is due to Anwar events and Thai Prime Minister Election fraud, makes this two governments instability. Five countries in Southeast Asia, Malaysia and Thailand in the national policy make the effective growth in manufacturing productivity between the two countries, promote national economic growth. Indonesia and Vietnam were major exporter of agriculture; agricultural productivity is the impact on national economic growth. In 2000, Malaysia's agricultural sector became the major targets, indirect increasing national agricultural export item, drove national economic growth. The Philippines has been the serious issue of unemployment, impact on economic growth still continued to the Asian financial crisis; Malaysia enhances the overall employment performance through the Human Development Fund affecting national economic growth. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景及動機 1 第二節 研究目的 5 第三節 研究架構 7 第貳章 文獻探討 8 第一節 理論文獻探討 8 第二節 東南亞五國經濟成長相關文獻探討 12 第三節 實證研究回顧 16 第參章 研究設計 27 第一節 研究假設 27 第二節 研究方法 28 第三節 模型檢定流程表 33 第四節 樣本資料來源與研究變項 34 第五節 研究限制 35 第肆章 影響東南亞五國經濟成長因素與實證分析 36 第一節 國際金融層面 36 第二節 政府治理層面 65 第三節 產業結構層面 81 第四節 人力資本層面 93 第五節 實證分析結果 120 第伍章 結論 129 第一節 研究結論 129 第二節 未來研究建議 133 參考文獻 134 附錄一:Panel Data模型(1) 141 附錄二:Panel Data模型(2) 143 附錄三:Panel Data模型(3) 145 附錄四:Panel Data模型(4) 147 表 2-3- 1國外學者量化研究整理 18 表 3-3- 1 樣本資料來源與研究變項表 34 表 4-4- 1 外國直接投資和人均GDP走勢關係 49 表 4-4- 2 1990年代初期貿易經常帳餘額 56 表 4-4- 3 貿易淨流量和人均GDP走勢關係 63 表 4-4- 4東南亞五國對企業而言,其貪腐影響商業程度 66 表 4-4- 5泰國五大廉正政府機構 74 表 4-4- 6 貪腐指數和人均GDP走勢關係 76 表 4-4- 7 農業生產力和人均GDP走勢關係 85 表 4-4- 8 菲律賓出口結構百分比(%) 89 表 4-4- 9製造業生產力和人均GDP走勢關係 91 表 4-5- 1教育支出比例和人均GDP走勢關係 106 表 4-5- 2失業率和人均GDP走勢關係 118 表 4-6- 1相關係數分析表 121 表 4-6- 2模型選擇 122 表 4-6- 3模型(1) 126 表 4-6- 4模型(4) 126 表 4-6- 5模型(5) 126 表 4-6- 6模型(6) 127 表 4-6- 7實證結果比較分析表 127 圖 1-1- 1東南亞五國人均GDP趨勢圖 4 圖 1-3- 1研究架構圖 7 圖 2-1- 1 ASEAN四國出口佔GDP比例趨勢圖(1982-1997) 13 圖 3-1- 1模型檢驗流程表 33 圖 4-1- 1東南亞FDI淨流入趨勢圖 36 圖 4-1- 2 FDI淨流入量趨勢圖,1990-2006 37 圖 4-1- 3菲律賓FDI淨流入趨勢圖 41 圖 4-1- 4菲律賓FDI淨流出趨勢圖 41 圖 4-1- 5泰國FDI淨流入趨勢圖 43 圖 4-1- 6泰國FDI淨流出趨勢圖 44 圖 4-1- 7越南FDI淨流入趨勢圖 46 圖 4-1- 8越南FDI淨流出趨勢圖 47 圖 4-1- 9東南亞五國FDI佔GDP百分比,1980-2007 50 圖 4-1- 10東南亞五國外國直接投資趨勢圖 51 圖 4-1- 11 GDP成長與分配趨勢圖,1985-2007 52 圖 4-2- 1 印尼貿易佔國內生產總額百分比趨勢圖,1996-2008 53 圖 4-2- 2 馬來西亞淨出口佔GDP百分比趨勢圖,1996-2008 55 圖 4-2- 3 馬來西亞貿易佔國內生產總額百分比趨勢圖,1996-2008 55 圖 4-2- 4 菲律賓淨出口佔GDP百分比趨勢圖,1996-2008年 57 圖 4-2- 5菲律賓貿易佔國內生產毛額百分比,1996-2008年 57 圖 4-2- 6泰國淨出口佔GDP百分比趨勢圖,1996-2008年 59 圖 4-2- 7泰國貿易佔國內生產毛額百分比,1996-2008年 59 圖 4-2- 8 越南淨出口佔GDP百分比趨勢圖,1996-2008年 61 圖 4-2- 9 越南貿易佔國內生產毛額百分比,1996-2008年 62 圖 4-2- 10東南亞五國進口年增長率趨勢圖 63 圖 4-2- 11東南亞五國出口年增長率趨勢圖 64 圖 4-2- 12東南亞五國貿易經常帳餘額趨勢圖 65 圖 4-2- 13 印尼政府對於主要商業限制項目年度比較(2003年及2007年) 68 圖 4-2- 14 貪污在公共部門比例情形(1998-2000年) 72 圖 4-2- 15 Political Stability and Absence of Violence(政府穩定及反暴力程度) 77 圖 4-2- 16 Government Effectiveness(政府效能) 78 圖 4-2- 17 Regulatory Quality(監督質量) 78 圖 4-2- 18 Control of Corruption(貪腐控制程度) 79 圖 4-2- 19 Rule of Law(法律規範程度) 79 圖 4-2- 20 Voice & Accountability(言論自由及政府責任) 80 圖 4-2- 21 東南亞五國貪腐指數趨勢圖,1996-2009 81 圖 4-3- 1東南亞五國農業生產力趨勢圖,1996-2008 86 圖 4-4- 1東南亞五國製造業佔總GDP百分點趨勢圖,2000-2006 92 圖 4-4- 2 東南亞五國製造業生產力趨勢圖 93 圖 4-5- 1 Breaking the Cycle 94 圖 4-5- 2印尼15歲以上人口識字率1980-2004年(%) 95 圖 4-5- 3印尼政府對於主要商業限制項目年度比較(2003年及2007年) 96 圖 4-5- 4印尼教育支出配置,2008 96 圖 4-5- 5馬來西亞15歲以上人口識字率1980-2009年(%) 98 圖 4-5- 6公共部門支出在教育上分配,2007(%) 98 圖 4-5- 7菲律賓15歲以上人口識字率1980-2008年(%) 100 圖 4-5- 8菲律賓淨入學率2002-2007年(%) 100 圖 4-5- 9 菲律賓公共部門支出在教育上分配(%) 101 圖 4-5- 10泰國15歲以上人口識字率1980-2007年(%) 102 圖 4-5- 11泰國公共部門支出在教育上分配(%) 103 圖 4-5- 12越南15歲以上人口識字率1980-2008年(%) 104 圖 4-5- 13越南公共部門支出在教育上分配(%) 105 圖 4-5- 14國中或基礎教育第二階段程度群組百分比,2006 106 圖 4-5- 15高等教育程度組群,2006 106 圖 4-5- 16東南亞五國教育支出占總支出比例趨勢圖 107 圖 4-5- 17印尼產業部門就業比例 109 圖 4-5- 18印尼教育程度失業比例趨勢圖 110 圖 4-5- 19馬來西亞產業部門就業比例 111 圖 4-5- 20馬來西亞教育程度失業比例趨勢圖 112 圖 4-5- 21菲律賓產業部門就業比例 113 圖 4-5- 22菲律賓教育程度失業比例趨勢圖 114 圖 4-5- 23泰國產業部門就業比例 115 圖 4-5- 24泰國教育程度失業比例趨勢圖 116 圖 4-5- 25越南產業部門就業比例 117 圖 4-5- 26東南亞五國失業率趨勢圖 119 |
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