在全球化的浪潮下，翻譯在跨越語言和文化障礙方面發揮著至關重要的作用。本研究探討動畫電影中文化詞 (CSI) 的翻譯策略，以《玩具總動員 4》的英語-繁體中文和英語-粵語字幕為例，分析譯 者如何針對台灣和香港觀眾進行文化詞翻譯。
研究發現，繁體中文字幕傾向於清晰度優先於創意性，導致幽默感較弱。數據分析顯示，繁體中文字幕大量依賴直接翻譯和替換，而粵語字幕則採用更平衡的方法，例如詳述和省略，以更好地傳達文化背景和幽默感。
本研究旨在為文化詞字幕翻譯策略提供見解，以實現文化交流，最終提升來自不同文化背景的觀眾的觀影體驗。

In the contemporary globalised world, effective translation plays a pivotal role in overcoming linguistic and cultural barriers. This study addresses a gap in existing research by investigating the translation of cultural-specific items (CSI) in the context of English-Mandarin Chinese and English-Cantonese subtitles for animated movies. The study focuses on the adaptation of cultural references for audiences in Taiwan and Hong Kong, two distinct regions with unique cultural nuances.

This study employs the movie Toy Story 4 as a case study to examine the manner in which translators adapt cultural references for diverse Chinese-speaking markets. The analytical framework proposed by Pedersen (2011) provides the foundation for examining the translation strategies employed. The methodology employed involves a content analysis of English captions, Mandarin Chinese subtitles, and Cantonese subtitles from the Disney+ release of Toy Story 4. The analysis of this specific movie allows for an in-depth understanding of the manner in which cultural references are tailored to resonate with audiences in Taiwan and Hong Kong.

The research investigates the potential preference for clarity over creativity in Mandarin Chinese subtitles, which might lead to a perception of being less humorous compared to their Cantonese counterparts. The objective of this study is to provide insights into subtitling strategies that achieve both clear communication and cultural effectiveness.  Ultimately, the findings contribute to the enrichment of the movie-watching experience for audiences from diverse cultural backgrounds, by emphasising the significance of culturally sensitive CSI translation for animated movies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	I
CHINESE ABSTRACT	III
ABSTRACT	IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS	VI
LIST OF FIGURES	VIII
LIST OF TABLES	IX
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION	1
1.1 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSLATION IN GLOBALISATION	1
1.2 BRIDGING LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL GAPS	1
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW	4
2.1 TOY STORY 4	  4
2.2 THE CHALLENGES OF CULTURAL-SPECIFIC ITEMS (CSI) IN SUBTITLING	5
2.3 CSI TRANSLATION STRATEGIES	7
2.4 PEDERSEN’S STRATEGIES FOR TRANSLATING CSI	8
2.4.1 Retention	9
2.4.2 Specification	9
2.4.3 Direct Translation	11
2.4.4 Generalization	12
2.4.5 Substitution	13
2.4.6 Omission	14
2.4.7 Official Equivalent	15
2.5 LOCALIZATION AND FOREIGNIZATION	15
2.6 LANGUAGE GAPS AND CASE STUDIES IN ANIMATION TRANSLATION RESEARCH	16
2.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS	18
CHAPTER 3: METHODLOGY	19
3.1 CONTENT ANALYSIS	19
3.2 MATERIAL	20
3.3 INSTRUMENT	21
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS	23
4.1 RETENTION	24
4.2 SPECIFICATION	30
4.3 DIRECT TRANSLATION	35
4.4 GENERALIZATION	47
4.5 SUBSTITUTION	53
4.6 OMISSION	69
4.7 OFFICIAL EQUIVALENT	72
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION	74
5.1 SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS	74
5.2 COMPARISON OF MANDARIN CHINESE AND CANTONESE CSI TRANSLATION STRATEGIES	77
5.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND LIMITATION	79
5.3.1 Significance of the Study	79
5.3.2 Homophones: A New Lens for CSI Translation Analysis	80
5.3.3 Limitation of the Study	81
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH	81
REFERENCES	83
APPENDIX I EXAMPLES FOR CULTURAL-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN MANDARIN CHINESE AND CANTONESE SUBTITLES	85
APPENDIX II VISUAL CULTURAL REFERENCES IN TOY STORY 4	92

 
List of Figures

FIGURE 1 PEDERSEN'S TAXONOMY (2011, P. 75)	8
FIGURE 2 VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF THE TERM ‘CARNIVAL DAYS’ (TIME CODE: 00:26:26,459)	25
FIGURE 3 VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF THE TERM ‘SORRY, WE’RE CLOSED’ (TIME CODE: 00:27:43,822)	27
FIGURE 4  MANDARIN CHINESE CSI TRANSLATION STRATEGIES	74
FIGURE 5  CANTONESE CSI TRANSLATION STRATEGIES	75
FIGURE 6  COMPARISON OF MANDARIN CHINESE AND CANTONESE CSI TRANSLATION STRATEGIES	77


 
List of Tables

TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 29	24
TABLE 2 EXAMPLE 68	29
TABLE 3 EXAMPLE 48	30
TABLE 4 EXAMPLE 69	31
TABLE 5 EXAMPLE 70	33
TABLE 6 EXAMPLE 85	34
TABLE 7 EXAMPLE 1	35
TABLE 8 EXAMPLE 3	38
TABLE 9 EXAMPLE 5	39
TABLE 10 EXAMPLE 9	40
TABLE 11 EXAMPLE 18	41
TABLE 12 EXAMPLE 24	43
TABLE 13 EXAMPLE 88	44
TABLE 14 EXAMPLE 91	45
TABLE 15 EXAMPLE 2	47
TABLE 16 EXAMPLE 7	48
TABLE 17 EXAMPLE 15	49
TABLE 18 EXAMPLE 17	51
TABLE 19 EXAMPLE 19	52
TABLE 20 EXAMPLE 6	53
TABLE 21 EXAMPLE 11	55
TABLE 22 EXAMPLE 16	56
TABLE 23 EXAMPLE 21	58
TABLE 24 EXAMPLE 22	59
TABLE 25 EXAMPLE 23	61
TABLE 26 EXAMPLE 38	62
TABLE 27 EXAMPLE 42	63
TABLE 28 EXAMPLE 55	65
TABLE 29 EXAMPLE 66	66
TABLE 30 EXAMPLE 108	67
TABLE 31 EXAMPLE 14	69
TABLE 32 EXAMPLE 59	70
TABLE 33 EXAMPLE 61	72

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