夜間戰鬥是低光環境下進行的軍事行動，面臨視野受限、士兵感知能力下降及心理壓力等挑戰。早期的戰爭歷史上由於照明技術限制，發動大規模的夜間作戰易產生風險與變數，多以小規模埋伏與突擊為主。然而隨著科技演進，夜間作戰逐漸成為現代戰爭中不可缺少的重要戰術。1991年波斯灣戰爭中，美軍憑藉夜視技術的提升，大幅改善了單兵夜間作戰能力，從傳統防禦轉為主動進攻，成功轉變了夜晚的戰場態勢。在近期的俄烏戰爭中，歐美盟國提供了烏克蘭先進的夜視裝備，透過有效的訓練和投入，使烏克蘭地面部隊具有出色的夜間作戰能力營造戰場優勢，亦驗證了夜視裝備對現代戰爭的重要性。然而夜視裝備的關鍵零組件需依賴稀土材料和高度專業化的製造組裝技術，因此供應鏈穩定性成為關鍵挑戰。在全球地緣政治競爭加劇的情況下，例如中國控制全球大部分稀土供應，企圖影響全球的軍事供應鏈及防務市場的供需平衡，而美國也重新啟動《國防生產法》以確保關鍵資材、技術及零組件的供應優先無虞。本研究聚焦在回顧夜視裝備的技術概論及其在戰場上的應用，並分析歐美中俄在夜視技術上的發展差異及其供應鏈的規模，評估對我國裝備籌獲方面的影響，以及為我國發展夜視裝備的方向及供應鏈建構優化提供建議。

Night combat refers to military operations conducted in low-light environments, posing challenges such as limited visibility, decreased soldier perception, and increased psychological stress. Historically, due to limitations in lighting technology, large-scale night operations carried significant risks and uncertainties, resulting primarily in small-scale ambushes and surprise attacks. However, with technological advancements, nighttime combat has evolved into a crucial tactical component of modern warfare.

In the 1991 Gulf War, improvements in U.S. night vision technology significantly enhanced individual soldiers' nighttime combat capabilities, enabling a strategic shift from traditional defensive postures to proactive offensive operations, thus transforming the battlefield dynamics at night. More recently, during the Russo-Ukrainian War, Western allies provided Ukraine with advanced night vision equipment. Effective training and deployment of these systems enabled Ukrainian ground forces to gain a decisive advantage through superior night combat capabilities, reaffirming the critical role of night vision equipment in contemporary warfare.

Nonetheless, the key components of night vision equipment rely heavily on rare-earth materials(REE) and highly specialized manufacturing and assembly technologies, making supply chain stability a significant concern. This challenge is particularly acute given the intensified global geopolitical competition. For example, China controls a significant portion of global rare-earth supplies, potentially influencing global military supply chains and disrupting defense market dynamics. In response, the United States has reactivated the Defense Production Act to prioritize and secure essential resources, technologies, and components.

This study aims to review the technological foundations of night vision equipment and its battlefield applications, analyze differences in technological developments and supply chain scales among the U.S., Europe, China, and Russia, assess implications for Taiwan’s equipment procurement strategies, and offer recommendations for enhancing Taiwan’s development and optimization of night vision equipment supply chains.

目次
第壹章	緒論	1
第一節 研究動機與目的	1
第二節 文獻檢閱及探討	6
第三節 研究途徑與研究方法	9
第四節 研究範圍與研究限制	12
第五節 研究架構與章節說明	14
第貳章	近代戰爭中的單兵夜視裝備	16
第一節 技術原理概論	16
第二節 夜視技術的應用與發展	28
第三節 夜間作戰案例回顧	44
第四節 夜視技術的未來趨勢	62
第參章	美國與歐洲單兵夜視裝備供應鏈現況	67
第一節	產業規模	67
第二節	主要供應鏈	72
第三節	技術專利與性能特點	81
第四節	供應鏈風險及管控	86
第五節	SWOT分析	90
第六節	小結	95
第肆章	中國與俄羅斯單兵夜視裝備供應鏈現況	96
第一節	產業規模	96
第二節	主要供應鏈	99
第三節	技術專利與性能特點	112
第四節	供應鏈風險及管控	116
第五節	SWOT分析	122
第六節	小結	127
第伍章	台灣單兵夜視裝備供應鏈的挑戰與機會	129
第一節	裝備籌獲現況	129
第二節	戰略儲備現況	131
第三節	供應鏈風險與技術人力短缺	132
第四節	國防自主相關政策回顧	133
第五節	供應鏈整合	135
第六節	授權技術轉移與建立標準化協議	138
第七節	戰略合作與國際市場開發	139
第六章 結論	142
第一節	研究總結	142
第二節  研究發現	143
第三節  未來研究方向 145
參考文獻         147

圖次
圖1-1 : 概念分析圖 資料來源：自行繪圖	14
圖2-1 : 夜視裝置的操作範例  資料來源 : 自行拍攝	16
圖2-2 : 電磁光譜中的可見光與紅外線	17
圖2-3 : 影像增幅管(Image Intensifier Tube)構造	18
圖2-4 : 搭載IIT的夜視鏡設備	19
圖2-5 : 紅外線熱顯像儀構造	27
圖2-6 : 非冷卻式熱顯像儀CNVD外觀	28
圖2-7 : 夜視瞄準鏡	30
圖2-8 : 頭戴式夜視鏡	31
圖2-9 : 夜視攝影機	32
圖2-10 : S-1光電陰極	33
圖2-11 : ZG 1229 紅外夜視狙擊鏡	34
圖2-12 : S-20多鹼化合物陰極管	36
圖2-13 : Gen 1 IIT總成	37
圖2-14 : MCP運作示意圖	38
圖2-15 : S-25多鹼化合物陰極管	39
圖2-16：第三代IIT的設計及結構	40
圖2-17：美軍夜視裝備的年代演進 資料來源:自行繪圖	43
圖2-18 : M1 Carbine with M3 Sniper Scope	45
圖2-19 : 安裝AN/PVS-2 的 M16A1 步槍	46
圖2-20 : AN/PVS-7 雙眼單筒夜視鏡	48
圖2-21 : AN/PVS-14 單筒單眼夜視鏡	51
圖2-22 : PVS-15雙筒雙眼夜視鏡	53
圖2-23 : L3 Harris GPNVG-18全景夜視鏡	57
圖2-24 : L3 Harris ENVG-B增強型夜視鏡	60
圖2-25 : Elbit XACT nv33雙筒雙眼夜視鏡	61
圖2-26 : ENVG-B 實際操作畫面	65
圖2-27 : ENVB-B結合FWS-I系統	66
圖3-1 : 2020-2023全球軍用夜視裝置市場規模	67
圖3-2 : 2020-2027 全球軍用夜視裝置市場占比(依區域市場)	68
圖3-3 : 歐洲(包含俄羅斯) 軍用夜視裝置市場規模	68
圖3-4 : 美國軍用夜視裝置市場規模	69
圖3-5 : 2019-2023美國國防支出	69
圖3-6 : 2024全球軍用夜視裝置市場占比(以公司區分)	71
圖3-7 : L3 Harris Gen 3 11769 IIT	74
圖3-8 : Teledyne FLIR AN/PVS-27 Magnum Universal Night Sight	76
圖3-9 : Photonis 4G Image Intensifier Tube	79
圖4-1 : 亞太地區軍用夜視裝備市場占比(依各國市場)	96
圖4-2 : 中國軍用市場規模	97
圖4-3 : 2019-2023中國國防支出	97
圖4-4 : 歐洲地區軍用夜視裝備市場占比(依各國市場)	98
圖4-5 : 俄羅斯軍用市場規模	98
圖4-6 : 2019-2023俄羅斯國防支出	99
圖4-7 : 雲南光學廠製TWJ-1型 單兵夜視鏡	100
圖4-8 : BBG-011A型 單兵夜視鏡	101
圖4-9 : CYCLONE Shakhin(1PN140)型 熱顯像瞄準鏡	106
圖4-10 : Ratnik未來士兵系統中的1PN138型 單筒夜視鏡	107
圖4-11 : Shvabe PN22K型 夜視瞄準鏡	108
圖4-12 : KATOD Gen3 IIT	111
圖4-13 : GLOBSEC Welcomes China’s Export Ban on Rare-Earth Metals Used in Weapons Manufacturing	117
圖5-1 : 軍備局401廠 TS-93步槍/機槍夜視鏡	129
圖5-2 : 軍備局401廠 TS-96單筒雙眼夜視鏡	130

表次
表2-1 : Omnibus計畫 I~IX    資料來源: 自行彙整	42
表3-1 : 美國主要夜視裝備供應鏈列表  資料來源:自行彙整	77
表3-2 : 歐洲主要夜視裝備供應鏈列表  資料來源:自行彙整	81
表4-1 : 北方夜視科技研究院集團夜視鏡產品  資料來源:自行彙整	101
表4-2 : 中國電子科技集團公司第十一研究所夜視鏡產品 資料來源:自行彙整	102
表4-3 : 中國主要夜視裝備供應鏈列表  資料來源:自行彙整	104
表4-4 : 俄羅斯主要夜視裝備供應鏈列表  資料來源:自行彙整	111
表5-1：國軍夜視裝備第二階段續購案綜整	130
表5-2：國軍夜視鏡計畫綜整	131

參考文獻
一、	英文參考文獻
（一）、	官方資料
Army University Press, Task Force Normandy, Army University Press, June 6, 2025, https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Books/Browse-Books/iBooks-and-EPUBs/Task_Force_Normandy/.
Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, U.S. Security Cooperation with Ukraine, U.S. Department of State, January 9, 2025, https://www.state.gov/bureau-of-political-military-affairs/releases/2025/01/u-s-security-cooperation-with-ukraine
Congressional Research Service, Emergency Access to Strategic and Critical Materials: The National Defense Stockpile (CRS Report No. R47833), November 14, 2023
Congressional Research Service, Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracts in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress (CRS Report No. R41909), March 21, 2025
Council of the European Union, Common Military List of the European Union – ML15: Imaging or Countermeasure Equipment, Official Journal of the European Union, Mar. 13, 2020.
Council of the European Union, Common Military List of the European Union – ML15: Imaging or Countermeasure Equipment, Official Journal of the European Union, 2020年3月13日
Cpl. Matthew J. Apprendi, 1st Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment in Fallujah’s Fray, 1st Marine Division, April 13, 2004, https://www.1stmardiv.marines.mil/News/Article/Article/540570/1st-battalion-5th-marine-regiment-in-fallujahs-fray/.
David Vergun. (2022, February 3). Leader of ISIS dead following U.S. raid in Syria. DOD News. https://www.defense.gov
Department of Defense, 36(b)(1) arms sales notification (Transmittal No. 00–75), Federal Register, 65(198), Oct. 12, 2000, p. 60638。
Department of the Army, Operator’s Manual for Night Vision Sight, AN/PVS-2 (Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 1975), TM 11-5855-213-10.
European Commission, Dual-use Export Controls: Summary of EU Legislation, EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/dual-use-export-controls.html (accessed Dec. 21, 2024).
European Commission, Dual-use export controls: Summary of EU legislation, EUR-Lex，https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/dual-use-export-controls.html
European Commission. (2024, March 5). Joint communication… A new European defence industrial strategy.
Executive Orders, Immediate Measures to Increase American Mineral Production, The White House, March 20, 2025, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/immediate-measures-to-increase-american-mineral-production/
Exosens, Differences between Gen3 and 4G Image Intensification Technology, Exosens, October 2020.
Exosens, P43 (Green Phosphor) or P45 (White Phosphor), Exosens, June 6, 2025, https://www.exosens.com/products/p43-green-phosphor-or-p45-white-phosphor.
Federal Agency for State Reserves (Rosrezerv), Final report on the results of the meetings of the Rosrezerv Collegium in 2023, Rosrezerv official website, https://rosrezerv.gov.ru/deyatelnost/Itogovij_doklad_o_rezultatah_i_osnovnih/Itogovij_doklad_zasedanij_Kollegii_Rosrezerva23。
Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent), RU2616973C1 Image Intensifier Tube and Its Manufacturing Method, Google Patents, https://patents.google.com/patent/RU2616973C1/en
Fortitudine, Bulletin of the Marine Corps Historical Program, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2001.
H. P. Montoro, Image Intensification: The Technology of Night Vision, Photonics Spectra, ITT Night Vision, March 2006, https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Image_Intensification_The_Technology_of_Night/a25144.
 https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=33552&pid=188405
HENSOLDT. 2023/5/16. “HENSOLDT and THEON Receive OCCAR Contract for 20,000 Night Vision Goggles.” HENSOLDT. https://www.hensoldt.net/news/hensoldt-and-theon-receive-occar-contract-for-20000-night-vision-goggles.
Institute for the Study of War. (2023, June 10). Russian offensive campaign assessment, June 10, 2023. https://www.understandingwar.org
Jim Garamone, Esper: Baghdadi Death Provides Warning to Terrorists, Defense.gov, October 28, 2019, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/article/2001008/esper-baghdadi-death-provides-warning-to-terrorists.
Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO), Recommendation for Continued Detention Under DoD Control (CD) for Guantanamo Detainee, ISN US9LY-010017DP, U.S. Department of Defense, September 10, 2008.
Justia Patents. 2021/1/5. “Night Vision Device with Improved Optical Performance.” U.S. Patent No. 10,886,095. https://patents.justia.com/patent/10886095.
Kremlin, Meeting with members of the Government, Kremlin Official Website, Mar. 6, 2024, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/76781。
Kremlin, Visit to Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant, Kremlin Official Website, http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/15373.
L3Harris Technologies, PVS-31K – Super-Gain BNVD White Phosphor Binocular Night Vision Device (BNVD), March 2021.
Major Charles S. Nichols, Jr., USMC, and Henry I. Shaw, Jr., Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific, Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1955, Chapter 2: Planning ICEBERG, http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Okinawa/USMC-M-Okinawa-2.html.
Michael S. Groen, With the 1st Marine Division in Iraq, 2003 (Washington, D.C.: History Division, United States Marine Corps, 2006).
Military Support for Ukraine, Federal Government of Germany, April 17, 2025, https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/federal-government/military-support-ukraine-2054992
NATO, NATO’s New Defence Industrial Production Board Meets to Boost Defence Industrial Capacity, December 12, 2023, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_221435.htm
NATO, Remarks by NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte at the European Parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee and Subcommittee on Security and Defence, NATO, Jan. 13, 2025, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_232125.htm。
PEO Soldier, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle – Binocular (ENVG B), PEO Soldier, accessed today, https://www.peosoldier.army.mil/Equipment/Equipment-Portfolio/Project-Manager-Soldier-Warrior-Portfolio/Enhanced-Night-Vision-Goggle-Binocular/
Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024 establishing a framework for ensuring a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials and amending Regulations (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1724 and (EU) 2019/1020, Official Journal of the European Union, L 2024/1252, 3 May 2024, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202401252
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). (2024, April 22). Global military spending surges amid war, rising tensions and insecurity. https://www.sipri.org
The House Armed Services Committee. (1991, April 30). U.S. military reform after Oper. Desert Storm. C-SPAN. https://www.c-span.org/video/?17753-1/us-military-reform-oper-desert-storm
The White House, Remarks by President Trump on the Death of ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Trump White House Archive, October 27, 2019, https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-death-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi/.
The White House. (2022, March 31). Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as Amended. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/03/31/memorandum-on-presidential-determination-pursuant-to-section-303-of-the-defense-production-act-of-1950-as-amended
U.S. Department of Defense, Assessing and Strengthening the Manufacturing and Defense Industrial Base and Supply Chain Resiliency of the United States (Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense, 2018)
U.S. Department of Defense, Central Command Chief Gives Details on Baghdadi Raid, Defense.gov, October 30, 2019, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2003960/central-command-chief-gives-details-on-baghdadi-raid/.
U.S. Department of Defense, DOD Releases First-Ever National Defense Industrial Strategy, January 11, 2024, https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3643326/dod-releases-first-ever-national-defense-industrial-strategy
U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Forces Kill ISIS Founder, Leader Baghdadi in Syria, Defense.gov, October 27, 2019, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/article/1999751/us-forces-kill-isis-founder-leader-baghdadi-in-syria/.
U.S. Department of State, 22 CFR Part 120: International Traffic in Arms Regulations – Subchapter M: Purpose and Definitions, updated December 18, 2024.
U.S. Department of State, 22 CFR Part 121: The United States Munitions List – Category XII: Fire Control, Laser, Imaging, and Guidance Equipment, U.S. Department of State, Dec. 18, 2024
U.S. Department of State, 22 CFR Part 121: The United States Munitions List – Category XII: Fire Control, Laser, Imaging, and Guidance Equipment, updated December 18, 2024
U.S. Department of the Army, Contract Award W91CRB11D0082: Enhanced Third Generation Ground Night Vision Devices, Tubes and Spare Components, March 23, 2011, https://www.federalcompass.com/award-contract-detail/W91CRB11D0082.
U.S. Department of the Treasury, Treasury Sanctions Third-Country Facilitators and Russian Military-Industrial Base Producers Supporting Russia’s War Against Ukraine, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Oct. 30, 2024, https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2700。
U.S. Government Accountability Office, Defense Industrial Base: DOD Should Take Actions to Strengthen Its Risk Mitigation Approach (GAO-22-104154), July 2022
U.S. Government Accountability Office, Foreign Military Sales: DOD Should Further Strengthen Financial Oversight of Transportation Fees (GAO-20-386), May 2020
U.S. Office of Business and Defense, NDIS Implementation Fact Sheet, https://www.businessdefense.gov/docs/ndis/NDIS-IP-Fact-Sheet.pdf
United States General Accounting Office (GAO), Operation Desert Storm: Evaluation of the Air Campaign (GAO/NSIAD-97-134, Washington, D.C., June 1997)

（二）、	網際網路資料
3rd GEN FLIR, Raytheon Technologies, n.d., https://www.rtx.com/raytheon/what-we-do/land/flir.
ABC News, Osama Bin Laden: Navy SEALS Operation Details of Raid That Killed 9/11 Al Qaeda Leader, ABC News, May 2, 2011, https://www.abcnews.go.com/Blotter/khalid-sheikh-muhammad-capture-osama-bin-laden-courier/story?id=13506413.
About the Company, KATOD, n.d., https://katodnv.com/eng/about-company/
Adam K. Raymond, We Own the Night: The Rise and Fall of the US Military’s Night Vision Dominance, Task & Purpose, July 13, 2021, https://taskandpurpose.com/tech-tactics/night-rise-fall-us-militarys-night-vision-dominance/.
AGM Global Vision, GEN IV – myth or tomorrow reality?, AGM Global Vision, May 9, 2023, https://www.agmglobalvision.com/gen-IV-myth-or-tomorrow-reality
AGM Global Vision, Why Are Night Vision Goggles So Expensive?, AGM Global Vision, accessed June 2025, https://www.agmglobalvision.com/why-are-night-vision-goggles-so-expensive.
Al Jazeera, How Israel will stage its land incursion into Gaza, Al Jazeera, October 20, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/20/how-israel-will-stage-its-land-incursion-into-gaza
Alex Hollings, Watch Israeli Navy SEALs Recapture Base from Hamas Terrorists, Sandboxx News, October 10, 2023, https://www.sandboxx.us/news/watch-israeli-navy-seals-recapture-base-from-hamas-terrorists/
American Special Operations, Rangers & Delta Force in Afghanistan 2001: Objectives Rhino & Gecko, American Special Operations, June 6, 2025, https://www.americanspecialops.com/operations/rangers-delta-afghanistan-2001/.
Amy Lv and Tony Munroe, China Bans Export of Critical Minerals to US as Trade Tensions Escalate, Reuters, December 3, 2024, https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-bans-exports-gallium-germanium-antimony-us-2024-12-03/
AnalystView Market Insights. (2024, November 4). Night vision devices market… Forecast from 2024–2032.
Andrew Tully, Iraq: Coalition Forces Attack Airport, Move Into Baghdad’s Outskirts, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, April 4, 2003, https://www.rferl.org/a/1102807.html.
Andrey Tereschenko, The Subject Matter of Special Investment Contracts, and Their Tax Consequences, Are Changing, Pepeliaev Group, Aug. 28, 2019, https://www.pgplaw.com/analytics-and-brochures/alerts/change-the-subject-spik-and-the-tax-consequences-of-its-use/。
AO Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant (KOMZ), Company Financial Information Page, RBC Companies Directory, https://companies.rbc.ru/id/1021603617188-ao-kazanskij-optiko-mehanicheskij-zavod/
Apollo Gear Co., What is EBI?, Apollo Gear Co., November 21, 2019, https://apollogearco.com/blogs/guides/what-is-ebi
armstrade.org, «Швабе» начал серийные поставки модернизированных ночных прицелов для Минобороны РФ, armstrade.org, Jan. 9, 2020, https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0109/080556129/detail.shtml.
Army Recognition, Rostec unveils Russian first fully indigenous thermal imager, Army Recognition, Mar. 17, 2021, https://armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-land-defense/land-defense-2020/rostec-unveils-russian-first-fully-indigenous-thermal-imager
Army Recognition, Russian company Shvabe patents improve night vision device, Army Recognition, Jun. 24, 2021, https://armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-land-defense/land-defense-2021/russian-company-shvabe-patents-improve-night-vision-device
Army Recognition, THEON Announced Delivery of ARGUS FS MK2 Night Vision with Estonian Defense Forces, Army Recognition, April 2, 2024, https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2024/theon-announced-delivery-of-argus-fs-mk2-night-vision-with-estonian-defense-forces
Army Technology, Taiwanese military orders night vision tubes from Exelis, February 5, 2015, https://www.army-technology.com/news/newstaiwanese-military-orders-night-vision-tubes-from-exelis-4505962/。
Army Technology, L3Harris Technologies gets grant for night vision system with transparent overlay display technology, Army Technology, September 18, 2024, https://www.army-technology.com/data-insights/l3harris-technologies-gets-grant-for-night-vision-system-with-transparent-overlay-display-technology/.
Ashutosh Pandey, How Russia is dodging Western sanctions with gray market imports, DW, Aug. 27, 2022, https://www.dw.com/en/how-russia-is-dodging-western-sanctions-with-gray-market-imports/a-62850223。
Asia. https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20230711PD201/gaas-gan-china-supply-chain.html
ATN Corp, Smart HD Weapon Sight, ATN Corp, https://www.atncorp.com/smart-hd-weapon-sight
ATN Corporation, About ATN, ATN Corporation, June 5, 2025, https://www.atncorp.com/aboutcompany
ATN Corporation, Search Results for ‘Obsidian’, ATN Corporation, June 5, 2025, https://www.atncorp.com/search?q=Obsidian
Atomic Energy, Швабе и Росатом создали совместное предприятие по производству медицинской техники, Atomic Energy.
AUNV-TEMPORARY-FORUM, OMNI classifications of Gen3 tubes, AUNV-TEMPORARY-FORUM, June 6, 2025, https://aunv.blackice.com.au/forum?index=discussions&story=omni.
BASPIK, About Company, BASPIK Official Website, https://baspik.com/en/about-company/
BBC News, What is Hamas and why is it fighting with Israel in Gaza?, BBC News, October 7, 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67039975.
BelOMO, Company, BelOMO Official Website, https://belomo.by/en/company/
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, Parallel imports to Russia: what steps companies take to prevent re-export of their products in circumvention of sanctions, Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, Mar. 6, 2024, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/parallel-imports-to-russia-what-steps-companies-take-to-prevent-re-export-of-their-products-in-circumvention-of-sanctions/。
Chris Panella, Russia Can’t Afford Night Vision Technology to Fight Ukraine at Night, Business Insider, June 18, 2023, https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-cant-afford-night-vision-technology-fight-ukraine-at-night-2023-6.
Christopher Hernandez-Roy, Henry Ziemer, and Nathaniel Laske, De-risking Critical Mineral Supply Chains: The Role of Latin America, CSIS, March 19, 2024, https://www.csis.org/analysis/de-risking-critical-mineral-supply-chains-role-latin-america
CNN, Pentagon releases footage of mission that killed ISIS leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, CNN, October 30, 2019, https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/30/politics/pentagon-baghdadi-raid-video/index.html.
Council of the European Union, Common Military List of the European Union – ML15: Imaging or Countermeasure Equipment, adopted February 17, 2020, Official Journal of the European Union, C 85, March 13, 2020
Cronkite News, Operation Kayla Mueller Stirs Memories of Arizonan Killed in Syria, Cronkite News – Arizona PBS, October 28, 2019, https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2019/10/28/operation-kayla-mueller-stirs-memories-of-arizonan-killed-in-syria/.
Dan Murphy, Siege of Fallujah Polarizing Iraqis, The Christian Science Monitor, April 15, 2004, https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0415/p01s02-woiq.html.
DARQ Industries, Some Thoughts on EBI (Equivalent Background Illumination) in Night Vision Devices, DARQ Industries, October 24, 2021, https://darqindustries.com/blogs/information-resources/some-thoughts-on-ebi-equivalent-background-illumination
David Schmieder, The History, Trends, and Future of Infrared Technology, Defense Systems Information Analysis Center (DSIAC), November 2, 2019, https://dsiac.dtic.mil/articles/the-history-trends-and-future-of-infrared-technology/.
David Szondy, DARPA program seeks night vision goggles as light and compact as glasses, New Atlas, January 12, 2021, https://newatlas.com/military/darpa-seeks-night-vision-goggles-light-compact-glasses
Dedal-NV, About Us, Dedal-NV Official Website, https://dedalnvoptics.com/en/about/
Dedal-NV, Night Vision Observation Devices Product Page, Dedal-NV Official Website, https://dedalnvoptics.com/en/catalog/night-vision/night-vision-observation-devices/
Defence Industry Europe, India and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) complete successful trials of Barak-8 air and missile defence system，2025年4月8日，https://defence-industry.eu/india-and-israel-aerospace-industries-iai-complete-successful-trials-of-barak-8-air-and-missile-defence-system/
Defence Review Asia，〈Seeing in the Dark – Night Vision in Asia〉，《Defence Review Asia》，2010年7月1日，https://defencereviewasia.com/seeing-in-the-dark-night-vision-in-asia/
Defense Mirror, Russian firm Delivers Helmet mounted Night Vision Goggles to African Nation, Defense Mirror, Apr. 15, 2020, https://www.defensemirror.com/news/26177/Russian_firm_Delivers_Helmet_mounted_Night_Vision_Goggles_to_African_Nation.
Defense News, US Arms Exports to Europe Triple, Boosted by Ukraine Aid: SIPRI, Defense News, March 10, 2025, https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2025/03/10/us-arms-exports-to-europe-triple-boosted-by-ukraine-aid-sipri/
Defense Standardization Program, Types of DSP documents, https://www.dsp.dla.mil/Specs-Standards/Types-of-DSP-Documents/
DefenseMirror, HENSOLDT, THEON Sensors to Supply Binocular Night Vision Goggles to Belgium, Germany, DefenseMirror, July 1, 2021, https://www.defensemirror.com/news/29940/HENSOLDT__THEON_Sensors_to_Supply_Binocular_Night_Vision_Goggles_to_Belgium__Germany.
Democracy Now!, Al-Jazeera Reporters Give Bloody First Hand Account of April ’04 U.S. Siege of Fallujah, Democracy Now!, February 22, 2006, http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/02/22/1434210.
Democracy Now!, Red Cross Estimates 800 Iraqi Civilians Killed in Fallujah, Democracy Now!, November 17, 2004, https://www.democracynow.org/2004/11/17/red_cross_estimates_800_iraqi_civilians.
Digital Supply Chain, Keith Oliver – the man who gave us ‘supply chain management’, November 3, 2022, https://supplychaindigital.com/digital-supply-chain/keith-oliver-the-man-who-gave-us-supply-chain-management
Dr. Gareth Evans, Night Vision: A Light in the Dark?, Army Technology, June 4, 2018, https://www.army-technology.com/features/night-vision-light-dark/.
Dylan Malyasov, Ukrainian Elite Forces Use ENVG-B Goggles in Combat, Defence Blog, January 10, 2025, https://defence-blog.com/ukrainian-elite-forces-use-envg-b-goggles-in-combat.
Egozi, A., South Korea selects ELTA Systems radar solutions for early warning aircraft, Defence Industry Europe, 2024年1月1日，https://defence-industry.eu/south-korea-selects-elta-systems-radar-solutions-for-early-warning-aircraft/
Ekran FEP, About Ekran FEP, Ekran FEP Official Website, https://ekranfep.ru/en/home/#ABOUT
Elbit Systems. n.d. “Business Overview.” Elbit Systems. https://www.elbitsystems.com/business-overview.
Elbit Systems of America, Elbit America Continues Supplying USMC with SBNVG Systems, Elbit Systems of America, December 7, 2023, https://www.elbitamerica.com/news/elbit-america-continues-supplying-usmc-with-sbnvg-systems
Elbit Systems, Imaging & night vision, Elbit Systems官方網站，https://www.elbitsystems.com/land/land-c4isr/imaging-night-vision
Euronext, Theon International PLC Lists on Euronext Amsterdam, Euronext, February 7, 2024, https://www.euronext.com/en/about/media/euronext-press-releases/theon-international-plc-lists-euronext-amsterdam
European Commission, Dual-use Export Controls: Summary of EU Legislation, EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/dual-use-export-controls.html
European Values Center for Security Policy, Taiwanese defense industry delegation, 2022年7月22日，https://europeanvalues.cz/en/taiwanese-defense-industry-delegation/
Everington, Keoni, AIT looking forward to delivery of US weapons backlog to Taiwan, Taiwan News, June 14, 2024, https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/5890278
Federation of American Scientists, M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank, FAS Military Analysis Network, archived at WebCite, June 6, 2025, https://www.webcitation.org/6Hy2glVZn?url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m1.htm.
FLIR Systems, Inc., The Army Historical Foundation, n.d., https://armyhistory.org/flir-systems-inc/.
Fluke Corporation, What is Thermal Imaging? Thermal Cameras and How They Work, Fluke, https://www.fluke.com/en/learn/blog/thermal-imaging/how-infrared-cameras-work
FRONTLINE, Contractors – The High Risk Contracting Business, PBS FRONTLINE: Private Warriors, June 21, 2005, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/warriors/contractors/highrisk.html.
Garside, M. (2024, December 13). Mining industry worldwide – Statistics & facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/1143/mining/#topicOverview
Geoffroy Deltel, Patent number: 11768381, Patents Assigned to Photonis, Justia Patents, September 26, 2023, https://patents.justia.com/assignee/photonis.
Global Industry Analysts, Inc., Night Vision Scopes, https://www.gii.tw/report/go1556869-night-vision-scopes.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
GlobalData, L3 Harris Technologies Inc Patent & Company Information, GlobalData.com, accessed June 2025, https://www.globaldata.com/company-profile/l3-harris-technologies-inc/patents/.
GlobalSecurity.org, Fallujah, GlobalSecurity.org, June 6, 2025, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/fallujah.htm.
GlobalSecurity.org, Operation Vigilant Resolve, GlobalSecurity.org, April 5, 2004, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/oif-vigilant-resolve.htm.
GLOBSEC, GLOBSEC on China Export Ban, GLOBSEC, January 2024, https://www.globsec.org/what-we-do/press-releases/globsec-china-export-ban
GLOBSEC, GLOBSEC Welcomes China’s Export Ban on Rare-Earth Metals Used in Weapons Manufacturing, GLOBSEC Official Website, May 7, 2024, https://www.globsec.org/what-we-do/press-releases/globsec-china-export-ban
gunrf.ru, Night Vision Sight ‘Shakhin’, gunrf.ru, https://gunrf.ru/rg_pricel_shakhin_eng.html.
H. P. Montoro, Image Intensification: The Technology of Night Vision, Photonics Spectra, ITT Night Vision, March 2006, https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Image_Intensification_The_Technology_of_Night/a25144
HENSOLDT, About Us, HENSOLDT, June 5, 2025, https://www.hensoldt.net/company/about-us.
HENSOLDT, HENSOLDT and THEON Receive OCCAR Contract for 20,000 Night Vision Goggles, HENSOLDT, July 5, 2022, https://www.hensoldt.net/news/hensoldt-and-theon-receive-occar-contract-for-20000-night-vision-goggles.
Hille, K., Sevastopulo, D., & Olcott, E., US struggles to mobilise its East Asian ‘Chip 4’ alliance, Financial Times, December 20, 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/cc262b5d-cbb7-4cac-a8e3-e4e3ea1508b2。
HOLOSUN, DRS-TH Digital Reflex Sight, HOLOSUN Official Website, https://holosun.com/products/digital-reflex-sights/drs/drs-th.html
IDF Elite Flotilla 13 Navy Unit in Action at Gaza Harbour, YouTube, published April 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqVsPbIm2eo.
India Today (Nationalist Observers), Israel vs Palestine: Watch Thermal Images Of Israeli Operations in Gaza Harbour, YouTube, October 9, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WR1xuvU0t0k.
India Today, PoK terrorists being provided Chinese-made weapons by Pakistan’s ISI, India Today, Sep. 15, 2023, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pok-terrorists-being-provided-chinese-made-weapons-pakistan-isi-2435936-2023-09-15。
Infratech, Night Vision Technology Product Page, Infratech Official Website, https://infratech.ru/night/
International Military Antiques, Original U.S. Army AN/PVS-2B Starlight Night Vision Scope with Transit Chest, IMA-USA, June 6, 2025, https://www.ima-usa.com/products/original-u-s-army-an-pvs-2b-starlight-night-vision-scope-with-transit-chest?variant=18811318894661.
Iraq Body Count, No Longer Unknowable: Falluja’s April Civilian Toll is 600, Iraq Body Count Press Release, October 26, 2004, https://www.iraqbodycount.org/analysis/reference/press-releases/9/.
Isobel van Hagen, Western Equipment Gives Ukraine Tactical Advantages in Night Assaults, Reports ISW, Business Insider, June 11, 2023, https://www.businessinsider.com/western-equipment-tactical-advantages-ukraine-night-assaults-isw-2023-6.
Itay Ilnai, Tunnel networks, intelligence failures, and military precision: How Israel finally eliminated Yahya Sinwar, Israel Hayom, March 30, 2025, https://www.israelhayom.com/2025/03/30/tunnel-networks-intelligence-failures-and-military-precision-how-israel-finally-eliminated-yahya-sinwar/
Jared Keller, The Rise and Fall of the US Military’s Night-Vision Dominance, Task & Purpose, January 18, 2024, https://taskandpurpose.com/tech-tactics/night-rise-fall-us-militarys-night-vision-dominance/.
Jim Garamone, Esper: Baghdadi Death Provides Warning to Terrorists, U.S. Department of Defense, October 28, 2019, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/article/2001008/esper-baghdadi-death-provides-warning-to-terrorists/.
Jon Tishman and Dan Schoen, We Don’t Own the Night Anymore, Modern War Institute, January 22, 2021, https://mwi.westpoint.edu/we-dont-own-the-night-anymore/.
Joseph Trevithick, Ukraine Situation Report: Russian Tanks Reverting to Cold War Thermal Sights, The War Zone, May 31, 2024, https://www.twz.com/ukraine-situation-report-russian-tanks-reverting-to-cold-war-thermal-sights
JPNV Shines at IDEX Abu Dhabi 2025: A Global Showcase of Excellence，https://www.junpinnightvision.com/news/jpnv-shines-at-idex-abu-dhabi-2025-a-global-showcase-of-excellenc/
Kathryn Westcott, Osama bin Laden: Why Geronimo?, BBC News, May 3, 2011, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-13265069.
KATOD, Image Intensifier Tubes Product Page, KATOD Official Website, https://katodnv.com/eng/catalog/image-intensifier-tubes/
KOMZ (Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant), About Us, KOMZ Official Website, https://komzrt.ru/about/
KOMZ (Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant), KOMZ 85th Anniversary Celebration, KOMZ Official Website, https://komzrt.ru/blog/konferentsii-i-vystavki/85-letie%20KOMZ6880/
Kurt Saxon, M3 Infrared Sniperscope, USCarbineCal30.com, June 5, 2025, http://www.rt66.com/~korteng/SmallArms/m3irsnip.htm.
L3Harris Technologies, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle–Binocular (ENVG-B), L3Harris Technologies, June 5, 2025, https://www.l3harris.com/all-capabilities/enhanced-night-vision-goggle-binocular-envg-b
L3Harris Technologies, Ground Panoramic Night Vision Goggle (GPNVG) (USA: L3Harris Technologies, 2025), L3Harris Official Website, https://www.l3harris.com/all-capabilities/ground-panoramic-night-vision-goggle-gpnvg.
L3Harris Technologies, U.S. Army Awards L3Harris ENVG-B Production Order, April 15, 2024, https://www.l3harris.com/newsroom/press-release/2024/04/us-army-awards-l3harris-envg-b-production-order
L3Harris Technologies, US Army Awards L3Harris Second Full-Scale ENVG-B Production Order, L3Harris Technologies, January 18, 2025, https://www.l3harris.com/newsroom/press-release/2025/01/us-army-awards-l3harris-second-full-scale-envg-b-production-order
L3Harris, Unfilmed and Unequalled: The Power of L3Harris Night Vision Tube Technology, L3Harris Newsroom, January 2025, https://www.l3harris.com/newsroom/editorial/2025/01/unfilmed-and-unequalled-power-l3harris-night-vision-tube-technology
La Montagne, Il y a 80 ans, Philips s’installait le long de la Corrèze pour fabriquer des tubes d’émission, La Montagne, Apr. 15, 2023, https://www.lamontagne.fr/brive-la-gaillarde-19100/economie/il-y-a-80-ans-philips-sinstallait-le-long-de-la-correze-pour-fabriquer-des-tubes-demission_12728967/
Lauren C. Williams, Mixed Results in US Military Efforts to Reduce Dependence on China, Defense One, Jun. 13, 2024, https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2024/06/mixed-results-us-military-efforts-reduce-dependence-china/397368/。
Leonardo S.p.A., History, Leonardo, June 5, 2025, https://www.leonardo.com/en/about/history.
Lewis, J. A., Trusted chips: Why the discussion of risks is distracting from solving policy issues, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2024年10月24日，https://www.csis.org/analysis/trusted-chips-why-discussion-risks-distracting-solving-policy-issues
Malyasov, D., Singapore put its new Elta Systems Multi-Mission Radar, Defence Blog, 2016年4月9日，https://defence-blog.com/singapore-put-its-new-elta-systems-multi-mission-radar/
Matt Kuppers, Intelligence Briefing: Russia’s Defence Tech Ecosystem Is Bigger Than Anticipated, LinkedIn, Apr. 14, 2025, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/intelligence-briefing-russias-defence-tech-ecosystem-bigger-kuppers-3ocfe。
Military & Aerospace Electronics, ITT and Northrop Grumman win Army night vision contracts, Military & Aerospace Electronics, September 21, 2005, https://www.militaryaerospace.com/home/article/16712971/itt-and-northrop-grumman-win-army-night-vision-contracts.
Military Review, Soviet Night Vision Devices of the Great Patriotic War, TopWar.ru, June 1, 2017, https://en.topwar.ru/117300-sovetskie-pribory-nochnogo-videniya-vremen-velikoy-otechestvennoy-voyny.html.
MilitaryBases.com, Camp Baharia, MilitaryBases.com, June 6, 2025, https://militarybases.com/overseas/iraq/camp-baharia/.
MKU Limited, Science behind Night Vision Devices, MKU Limited, September 6, 2022, https://www.mku.com/en-gb/Science-behind-Night-Vision-Devices
MOD Armory, Night Vision Terminology Archive, MOD Armory, June 5, 2025, https://www.modarmory.com/night-vision-terminology
Modern Forces, M16A1 & AN/PVS 2 Starlight Scope, Modern Forces website, accessed 2025, https://www.modernforces.com/weapons_starlight_scope.htm.
Montoro, H. P. (n.d.). Image intensification: The technology of night vision. ITT Night Vision. https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Image_Intensification_The_Technology_of_Night/a25144
National Urban Security Technology Laboratory (NUSTL), Night Vision Devices: Market Survey Report, New York: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, July 2022
Navy SEAL Operations, American Special Ops, n.d., https://www.americanspecialops.com/navy-seals/operations/.
New at IEA MIL-OPTICS: NT1431 BNVD, SPARTANAT, https://spartanat.com/en/neu-bei-iea-mil-optics-nt1431-bnvdRostec, Company History, Rostec State Corporation, https://rostec.ru/en/about/history/.
New Hampshire Business Review, BAE Systems Wins $434m Night Vision Goggle Pact, The Free Library, May 15, 2015, https://www.thefreelibrary.com/BAE+Systems+wins+%24434m+night+vision+Goggle+pact-a0418089644
Nicholas C., Friday Night Lights: Dual Tube Time – AN/PVS-15, The Firearm Blog, February 7, 2020, https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2020/02/07/friday-night-lights-dual-tube-time-an-pvs-15/.
Nicola Bonucci, Camille Paulhac, Quinn Dang, Randall V. Johnston, and Mary E. Rogers, French Authorities Block U.S. Acquisition of French Company, Lexology, January 13, 2021, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=70d1ea4a-ea18-41a8-a035-a805f109318b
Nicolas Laurent, Jorge De La Torre Noetzel, Diego Rodriguez-Perez, David Fernandez Gutierrez, Patent number: 11967480, Patents Assigned to Photonis, Justia Patents, April 23, 2024, https://patents.justia.com/assignee/photonis.
Night Flight Concepts, What Are Emergency Air Rescue Night Vision Goggles: Understanding Their Role and Evolution, Night Flight Concepts, December 7, 2023, https://nightflightconcepts.com/what-are-emergency-air-rescue-night-vision-goggles
Night Pearl, About us, https://www.nightpearl.eu/about-us
Night Vision Devices, Image Intensifiers, Night Vision Devices, June 5, 2025, https://www.nvdevices.com/image-intensifiers
Nightline Inc., Bridge Mount – Panobridge, Nightline Inc., June 5, 2025, https://nightline-inc.com/product/panobridge/
Nightline Inc., Contact, Nightline Inc., June 5, 2025, https://nightline-inc.com/contact/
Nightline Inc., Service / Support, Nightline Inc., June 5, 2025, https://nightline-inc.com/service-support/
NightVision Australia, Dispelling the Gen-4 Night Vision Myth, NightVision.com.au, June 6, 2025, https://www.nightvision.com.au/dispelling-the-gen-4-night-vision-myth/
Nikkei Asia, EU should work with Taiwan on defense supply chain, says key Czech senator, 2024年5月14日，https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/EU-should-work-with-Taiwan-on-defense-supply-chain-says-key-Czech-senator
NV Devices Inc., PVS-14 Night Vision Monocular, NV Devices Official Website, 2025, https://www.nvdevices.com/product/pvs-14-night-vision-monocular/.
Omar L. Patterson, Operational Report on Infrared Equipment, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, April 30, 1945.
ORF America，〈China’s Critical Mineral Export Controls〉，《ORF America官方網站》，2024年4月10日，https://orfamerica.org/newresearch/chinas-critical-mineral-export-controls
Orwa Ajjoub, ISIS Has a New Leader. It’s Important to Understand Their Operational Capacity, Atlantic Council, May 17, 2021, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/isis-has-a-new-leader-its-important-to-understand-their-operational-capacity.
Orwa Ajjoub, ISIS Has a New Leader. It’s Important to Understand Their Operational Capacity, MENASource, Atlantic Council, May 17, 2021, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/isis-has-a-new-leader-its-important-to-understand-their-operational-capacity/.
Our Bureau, Russian Firm Delivers Helmet-mounted Night Vision Goggles to African Nation, DefenseMirror, Jan. 16, 2020, https://www.defensemirror.com/news/26177/Russian_firm_Delivers_Helmet_mounted_Night_Vision_Goggles_to_African_Nation。
Panella, C. (2023, June 18). Russia can’t afford night-vision technology to fight Ukraine at night. Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-cant-afford-night-vision-technology-fight-ukraine-at-night-2023-6。
PASS Ltd, Law Enforcement Thermal Camera Applications, PASS Thermal, June 5, 2025, https://www.pass-thermal.co.uk/thermal-camera-applications-law-enforcement
Peter Baker, Mark Mazzetti, and Helene Cooper, Behind the Hunt for Bin Laden, The New York Times, May 2, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/03intel.html.
Philip Luck, How Sanctions Have Reshaped Russia’s Future, CSIS, February 25, 2025, https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-sanctions-have-reshaped-russias-future?
Program Executive Office Soldier, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle – Binocular (ENVG-B), PEO Soldier, June 5, 2025, https://www.peosoldier.army.mil/Equipment/Equipment-Portfolio/Project-Manager-Soldier-Warrior-Portfolio/Enhanced-Night-Vision-Goggle-Binocular/
Quil Lawrence, Hegseth Announces Defense Budget Cuts and Pentagon Restructuring, NPR, February 20, 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/20/nx-s1-5303947/hegseth-trump-defense-spending-cuts
Rajiv Chandrasekaran, Key General Criticizes April Attack In Fallujah: Abrupt Withdrawal Called Vacillation, The Washington Post, September 13, 2004, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16309-2004Sep12.html.
Refurbished AN/PVS-7 Night Vision Goggles, Night Vision Devices, n.d., https://www.nvdevices.com/product/refurbished-an-pvs-7-night-vision-goggles/.
Reuters, Price of China’s strategic germanium hits record high on possible state buying, Reuters, Jul. 18, 2024, https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/price-chinas-strategic-germanium-hits-record-high-possible-state-buying-2024-07-18/。
RIA Novosti, Минобороны заказало еще 2,5 тысячи ночных прицелов у ‘Швабе’, RIA Novosti, Jun. 10, 2015, https://ria.ru/20150610/1069159296.html.
Robert Krulwich, Justine Schiro, and Charlie Marcus, The Story Behind Saddam Hussein’s Fallen Statue, ABC News, World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, April 9, 2003.
Robert Sheldon and John Burke, What is Signal-to-Noise Ratio and How Is It Measured?, TechTarget, June 3, 2025, https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/signal-to-noise-ratio.
Rock Island Auction Company, Inland M1 Carbine with M3 Sniper Scope, Rock Island Auction website, December 2018, https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/73/3500/inland-m1-carbine-with-m3-sniper-scope.
Roger Warner, Night Stalkers, Air & Space Magazine, Smithsonian Institution, May 2004, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/night-stalkers-6343376/.
Rory McCarthy, Uneasy truce in the city of ghosts, The Guardian, April 23, 2004, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/24/iraq.rorymccarthy.
Rostec Unveils Russian First Fully Indigenous Thermal Imager, Army Recognition, May 17, 2020, https://armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-land-defense/land-defense-2020/rostec-unveils-russian-first-fully-indigenous-thermal-imager。
Rostec, About, Rostec Official Website, https://rostec.ru/en/about/.
Rostec, Optics, Rostec Official Website, https://rostec.ru/en/directions/optics/.
Rostec, Shvabe Holding Company Profile, Rostec Official Website, http://rostec.ru/about/company/345, accessed May 21, 2025.
Rostec，〈Ростех создал первый полностью российский тепловизор с системой охлаждения〉，《Rostec官方網站》，2020年3月17日，https://rostec.ru/media/news/rostekh-sozdal-pervyy-polnostyu-rossiyskiy-teplovizor-s-sistemoy-okhlazhdeniya/。
Sage Stossel, In the Line of Fire, The Atlantic, July/August 2004, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/07/in-the-line-of-fire/303384/.
Sidney E. Dean, Developments in infantry night vision systems, European Security & Defence, March 11, 2025, https://euro-sd.com/2025/03/articles/42990/infantry-night-vision-systems/
SIONYX, Night Vision Cameras – SiOnyx, SIONYX website, https://www.sionyx.com/collections/night-vision-cameras
Sofiia Syngaivska, American ENVG B Technology Boosts Precision and Safety of Ukrainian Special Operations Forces, Defence UA.com, January 9, 2025, https://en.defence-ua.com/news/american_envg_b_technology_boosts_precision_and_safety_of_ukrainian_special_operations_forces_photo-13141.html
Stanford Computer Optics, Phosphor Screen, Stanford Computer Optics, June 5, 2025, https://stanfordcomputeroptics.com/technology/image-intensifier/phosphor-screen.html
Statista, The EU Has Already Provided $96 Billion in Aid to Ukraine, Statista, January 22, 2024, https://www.statista.com/chart/31677/eu-assistance-to-ukraine/
Steele Industries, Are Dual Tube NVGs More Effective Than Single Tube NVGs?, Steele Industries, May 31, 2024, https://steeleindustries.com/are-dual-tube-nvgs-more-effective-than-single-tube-nvgs/.
Steven Lee Myers and Elisabeth Bumiller, Obama Calls World ‘Safer’ After Pakistan Raid, The New York Times, May 2, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-dead.html.
Sydney J. Freedberg Jr., Grunts To Get High Tech Targeting Goggles In 2019, Breaking Defense, October 25, 2018, https://breakingdefense.com/2018/10/grunts-to-get-high-tech-targeting-goggles-in-2019/
SZPHOTON, MCP: Ion Feedback, SZPHOTON, June 5, 2025, https://szphoton.com/pages/mcp-ion-feedback-1
Tactical Night Vision Company, Fixed-Pattern Noise (FPN), Tactical Night Vision Company, June 5, 2025, https://tnvc.com/ufaqs/fixed-pattern-noise-fpn
Tactical Night Vision Company, Inc., L3Harris CNVD LR UF WP 2376+ MIN FOM, TNVC website, https://tnvc.com/shop/cnvd-lr
TAdviser, Schwabe SWIR Camera, TAdviser, https://tadviser.com/index.php/Product:Schwabe_SWIR_Camera
Tamir Eshel, Harris Night Vision Acquisition – a Big Deal for Elbit Systems, Defense Update, April 5, 2019, https://defense-update.com/20190405_harris-nigh-vision-acquisition-a-big-deal-for-elbit-systems.html
Teledyne FLIR, Cooled or Uncooled?, Teledyne FLIR, June 5, 2025, https://www.flir.com/discover/rd-science/cooled-or-uncooled
Teledyne FLIR, Marine Multifunction Display Integration, Teledyne FLIR, June 5, 2025, https://www.flir.com/discover/marine/technologies/mfd-integration
Thales Group, Night Vision Goggles, Thales – Defence and Security: Soldier Optronics (Augmented Soldier), accessed June 2025, https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/defence-and-security/land-forces/augmented-soldier/soldier-optronics/night-vision-goggles.
Thales Group, Night Vision Goggles, Thales Group, June 5, 2025, https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/defence-and-security/land-forces/augmented-soldier/soldier-optronics/night-vision-goggles.
Thales Group, Thales Makes First Shipment of 300 Night Vision Goggles for French Army under Bi-NYX Contract, Thales Group, October 17, 2024, https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/defence-and-security/press_release/thales-makes-first-shipment-300-night-vision-goggles.
The Associated Press, Trump meets with troops from al-Baghdadi raid during Fort Bragg visit, Military Times, October 30, 2020, https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2020/10/29/trump-meets-with-troops-from-al-baghdadi-raid-during-fort-bragg-visit/.
The Desert War, Expeditions with MCUP, Marine Corps University Press, January 29, 2021, https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/Expeditions-with-MCUP-digital-journal/The-Desert-War.
The Diplomat, Africa, China, and the Race for Critical Minerals: A New Focus for FOCAC, The Diplomat, Aug. 2024, https://thediplomat.com/2024/08/africa-china-and-the-race-for-critical-minerals-a-new-focus-for-focac。
The Insider, Russia imported $50 million worth of thermal imaging components in 2024, essential for its military and defense industry, The Insider, Feb. 19, 2025, https://theins.ru/en/news/278968。
The Insider, Russian military-industrial complex loses war for night vision, The Insider, January 24, 2024, https://theins.ru/en/news/278968.
Theon International, Our Company, Theon International, June 5, 2025, https://theon.com/profile/our-company/.
Timeline – World History Documentaries, YouTube Channel, June 6, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/c/TimelineChannel.
Tom Murphy, Early Night Vision Tech: The German Zielgerät ZG 1229 Vampir, Small Arms Review, February 26, 2024, https://smallarmsreview.com/early-night-vision-tech-the-german-zielgerat-zg-1229-vampir/
U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command C5ISR Center, Research and Technology Integration (RTI) Directorate, DEVCOM C5ISR Center, June 5, 2025, https://c5isrcenter.devcom.army.mil/
U.S. Department of State, 22 CFR Part 120: International Traffic in Arms Regulations – Subchapter M: Purpose and Definitions, updated December 18, 2024
U.S. Department of State, 22 CFR Part 121: The United States Munitions List – Category XII: Fire Control, Laser, Imaging, and Guidance Equipment, updated December 18, 2024
UAV1, What is Gen 4 Night Vision?, UAV1.com, June 6, 2025, https://www.uav1.com/what-is-gen-4-night-vision/
USCarbineCal30.com, The U.S. Carbine Caliber .30: Infrared Background & Overview, USCarbineCal30.com, June 5, 2025, http://www.uscarbinecal30.com/IRM1.html
Yuka Hayashi. (2022, April 21). Russia’s war machine hurt by U.S. export ban, Commerce Secretary says. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com
Илья Сидоров, Минпромторг в ближайшее время сократит список товаров для параллельного импорта, iPhones.ru, Apr. 9, 2024, https://www.iphones.ru/iNotes/minpromtorg-v-blizhayshee-vremya-sokratit-spisok-tovarov-dlya-parallelnogo-importa。
ОПК.РФ，〈France hands over night vision technology to Russia〉，《ОПК.РФ官方網站》，https://xn--80aaccfg6bffxbbd3bgq4owb.xn--p1ai/en/newsflash/france_hands_over_night_vision_technology_to_russia/。

（三）、	書籍資料
Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: Book of Essays (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962)。
Anthony H. Cordesman and Abraham R. Wagner, The Lessons of Modern War – Volume IV: The Gulf War (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 15, 1994).
Bill Lowry, New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010).
Bing West, No True Glory: A Frontline Account of the Battle for Fallujah (New York: Bantam Books, 2005).
Charles H. Briscoe, Weapon of Choice: U.S. Army Special Operations Forces in Afghanistan (Fort Bragg, NC: United States Army Special Operations Command, 2003).
David Zucchino, Thunder Run: The Armored Strike to Capture Baghdad (New York: Grove Press, 2004).
Dick Camp, Operation Phantom Fury: The Assault and Capture of Fallujah (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press, 2009).
Douglas Brinkley, Tour of Duty: John Kerry and the Vietnam War (New York: William Morrow, 2004).
Elbit Systems Deutschland, Elbit Systems Deutschland to Supply XACT nv33 Night Vision Goggles to German Police, I-Connect007, March 26, 2021, https://iconnect007.com/index.php/article/126948/elbit-systems-deutschland-to-supply-xact-nv33-night-vision-goggles-to-german-police/126951
Elbit Systems of America, Elbit Systems U.S. Subsidiary Signs Definitive Agreement to Acquire Harris Night Vision Business, Elbit Systems of America, April 5, 2019, https://www.elbitamerica.com/news/elbit-systems-u.s.-subsidiary-signs-definitive-agreement-to-acquire-harris-night-vision-business
Elbit Systems UK, Elbit Systems UK Bolsters Its Position as a Leading Provider of Night Vision Capabilities to UK Defence, ASDNews, January 29, 2025, https://www.asdnews.com/news/defense/2025/01/29/elbit-systems-uk-bolsters-its-position-as-leading-provider-night-vision-capabilities-uk-defence
Elbit Systems, XACTse, Elbit Systems, June 5, 2025, https://www.elbitsystems.com/land/land-c4isr/imaging-night-vision/xactse
Elena Safirova, The Mineral Industry of Russia (Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, March 2025)
FLIR Systems, Inc., FLIR Systems Completes Strategic Investment in DroneSense, FLIR Systems, April 18, 2018, https://www.flir.com/news-center/press-releases/flir-systems-completes-strategic-investment-in-dronesense/
Gueorgui Ianakiev, The European Defence Fund: A Game Changer for European Defence Industrial Collaboration (Paris: Armament Industry European Research Group, November 2019)
Jim Lacey, Takedown: The 3rd Infantry Division’s Twenty-One Day Assault on Baghdad (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2007).
Jim Mattis and Bing West, Call Sign Chaos: Learning to Lead (New York: Random House, 2019).
John Kerry, Tora Bora Revisited: How We Failed to Get Bin Laden and Why It Matters Today, Report to Members of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 111th Congress, 1st Session, November 30, 2009 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2009).
Leroy Thompson, The M1 Carbine (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011).
Mark Owen and Kevin Maurer, No Easy Day: The Firsthand Account of the Mission that Killed Osama Bin Laden (New York: Dutton, 2012).
Matt M. Matthews, Operation Al Fajr: A Study in Army and Marine Joint Operations (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2006).
Noctis Technologies, ILS Maintenance & Services, Noctis Technologies, June 5, 2025, https://noctistech.com/products/ils-maintenance-services/
Owen, M., & Maurer, K. (2012). No easy day: The firsthand account of the mission that killed Osama Bin Laden. New York: Dutton.
Ponomarenko, Vladimir P., Filachev, Anatoly M., Infrared Techniques and Electro-Optics in Russia: A History 1946–2006, pp. 134–136
Richard S. Lowry, New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010).
SIPRI, Unprecedented rise in global military expenditure as European and Middle East spending surges, 2025年4月28日，https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2025/unprecedented-rise-global-military-expenditure-european-and-middle-east-spending-surges
Stan Skinner, Shooter’s Bible Guide to Extreme Iron (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2014).
TechSci Research, Global Military Night Vision Device Market, Forecast & Opportunities, 2020–2030F (New Delhi: TechSci Research, April 2025)
Teledyne FLIR, Company History, Teledyne FLIR, June 5, 2025, https://www.flir.com/about/company-history/
Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, Teledyne Completes Acquisition of FLIR, Teledyne FLIR, May 14, 2021, https://www.flir.com/news-center/corporate-news/teledyne-completes-acquisition-of-flir/
Thales Group, History, Thales Group, June 5, 2025, https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/global/group/history
Thomas E. Ricks, Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq (New York: Penguin Press, 2006).
William P. Head, The Battles of Al-Fallujah: Urban Warfare and the Growth of Air Power (Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press, 2009).

（四）、	論文期刊文章
Admiral (Ret.) William H. McRaven and Nicholas Rasmussen, A View from the CT Foxhole: Admiral (Ret.) William H. McRaven, Former Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, and Nicholas Rasmussen, Former National Counterterrorism Center Director, Reflect on the Usama bin Ladin Raid, CTC Sentinel (Modern War Institute, West Point), April 27, 2021, https://ctc.westpoint.edu/a-view-from-the-ct-foxhole-admiral-retired-william-h-mcraven-former-commander-u-s-special-operations-command-and-nicholas-rasmussen-former-national-counterterrorism-center-director-reflect-on-the-usama-bin-ladin-raid/.
Allen, James S., An Improved Electron Multiplier Particle Counter, Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 18, 1947
Arseny Sivitsky, Priorities of Military and Technical Cooperation between Belarus and Russia, Minsk Dialogue, Oct. 12, 2023, https://minskdialogue.by/en/research/opinions/priorities-of-military-and-technical-cooperation-between-belarus-and-russia。
Grames, J., Suleiman, R., Adderley, P. A., Clark, J., Hansknecht, J., Machie, D., Poelker, M., and Stutzman, M. L., Charge and Fluence Lifetime Measurements of a DC High Voltage GaAs Photogun at High Average Current, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, No. 4, April 20, 2011, Article 042110, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580601
Han, Long, Chen, Yankun, Tian, Wenhuai, Preparation and Performance Study of High-Performance ZnS:Cu, Al Phosphor, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 343, 2024
Jeff Hawn, Military-Industrial Complex and Sanctions Impact, Riddle: Russia in Global Affairs, May 28, 2025。
Neitz, J., Jacobs, G. H., Polymorphism of the Long-Wavelength Cone in Normal Human Color Vision, Nature, Vol. 323, No. 6089, 1986
Peskov, V., Buzulutskov, A., Di Mauro, A., Bondar, A., Chechik, R., Ion Feedback Suppression Using Inclined MCP Holes in a ‘Single-Step’ Gaseous Photomultiplier, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 553, No. 1–2, 2005
Petar Andraši, Tomislav Radišić, Mario Muštra, and Jurica Ivošević, Night-time Detection of UAVs Using Thermal Infrared Camera, Transportation Research Procedia, Vol. 28, 2017.
Ponomarenko V. P., Popov V. S., Pankov M. A., Study of Calculation of the Induced Current Pulse in the Measuring Grids of a Micrometeoroid and Space Debris Sensor, Applied Physics, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2025
ResearchInChina, Automotive Infrared Night Vision System Research Report, 2023, Beijing: ResearchInChina, October 2023
TechSci Research, Global Military Night Vision Device Market, Forecast & Opportunities, 2020–2030 (New Delhi: TechSci Research, April 2025)
Veselá, Z., Meopta Museum Collection, MEONEWS, 2025年1–3月
William P. Head, The Battles of Al-Fallujah: Urban Warfare and the Growth of Air Power, AIR POWER History, Winter 2013.
Wiza, J., Microchannel Plate Detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 162, No. 1–3, 1979

（五）、	研究報告
Bailey, R., et al., Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 10, 2023, Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project, 2023
Eric Peltz, Marc Robbins, and Geoffrey McGovern, Integrating the Department of Defense Supply Chain, RAND Corporation, September 4, 2012
European Commission, White Paper for European Defence – Readiness 2030 (Brussels: European Commission, April 2024)
NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Ensuring an Allied Defence Industrial Base for NATO’s New Deterrence and Defence Baseline (General Report No. 018 DSC 23 E rev.1 fin), October 7, 2023

（六）、	商業出版技術手冊
ARGUS-NV, Company Profile (Made in Russia, 2025)
Association of U.S. Night Vision Manufacturers (ANVM), Detrimental Effects of Chinese Night Vision Equipment Manufacturer’s Involvement in U.S. Commercial Market Require Immediate Corrective Action (Roanoke, VA: ANVM, April 4, 2024)
BAE Systems, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle III / Family of Weapon Sight–Individual (ENVG III / FWS-I) (Nashua, NH: BAE Systems, 2025)
Bill Sloan, The Ultimate Battle: Okinawa 1945—The Last Epic Struggle of World War II (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007).
Elbit Systems Deutschland, XACT nv3X Night Vision Capability for German and Belgium Armed Forces (Germany: Elbit Systems Deutschland, November 5, 2020), Elbit Systems Deutschland Official Website, https://elbitsystems-de.com/en/xact-nv3x-night-vision-capability-for-german-and-belgium-armed-forces/.
Elbit Systems, XACT nv – Micro Compact Image Intensifying Night Vision Systems (Israel: Elbit Systems, 2018).
Elbit Systems, XACT th – Lightweight Uncooled Thermal Weapon Sight Product Family (Haifa: Elbit Systems Ltd., 2023)
Gert Nutzel, Leo Pierre, Matthieu Feuerstein, Carlo Kaiser, and Pascal Lavoute, Compact Image Intensifier Tube and Night Vision System Fitted With Such a Tube, U.S. Patent No. 8,987,671 B2, March 24, 2015, assigned to Photonis France.
Giacomo Maione, Ciro Incarnato, Antonio Ciliberto, Umberto Galietti, Davide Palumbo, and Gianpiero Cerrone, Método y sistema de inspección no destructiva termográfica para detectar y medir defectos volumétricos en estructuras de material compuesto, ES Patent No. 2 780 224 T3, August 24, 2020, assigned to Leonardo S.p.A.
internal press release, Photonis Group Becomes Exosens, Exosens, September 20, 2023
Jeffrey W. Scott, Colin E. Jones, Ernie J. Caine, and Charles A. Cockrum, Sub-Pixel nBn Detector, U.S. Patent No. 9,024,359 B2, May 5, 2015, assigned to Lockheed Martin Corporation.
KATOD JSC, Night Vision: Corporate Profile and Direction (Novosibirsk, Russia: KATOD JSC, n.d.)
Ken Smith, Position-Sensitive Particle Detection with Microchannel-Plate Electron Multipliers, Department of Physics, Space Physics and Astronomy, and the Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
L3 Harris Technologies, GPNVG White Phosphor Binocular Night Vision Device (BNVD), January 2025.
L3Harris Technologies, BNVD-Fused Binocular Night Vision Device – Fused: Advanced Dual-Wave Goggle (Melbourne, FL: L3Harris Technologies, June 2021)
L3Harris Technologies, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle–Binocular (ENVG-B) (USA: L3Harris Technologies, 2025), L3Harris Official Website, https://www.l3harris.com/all-capabilities/enhanced-night-vision-goggle-binocular-envg-b.
L3Harris Technologies, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle–Binocular (ENVG-B), L3Harris, June 6, 2025, https://www.l3harris.com/all-capabilities/enhanced-night-vision-goggle-binocular-envg-b
L3Harris Technologies, Enhanced Night Vision Goggle–Binocular (ENVG-B): The Most Advanced Goggle Ever Fielded by the U.S. Army (Melbourne, FL: L3Harris Technologies, 2024)
L3Harris Technologies, GEN III Image Intensifier Tubes: A Buyer’s Guide to Tube Technology (Melbourne, FL: L3Harris Technologies, 2024).
L3Harris Technologies, Inc., ENHANCED NIGHT VISION GOGGLE-BINOCULAR (ENVG-B) Sell Sheet, October 2024
L3Harris Technologies, PVS-31K – Super-Gain BNVD White Phosphor: Binocular Night Vision Device (BNVD), Melbourne, FL: L3Harris Technologies, March 2021
Leonardo DRS, Driver’s Vision Enhancer Ultralite (DVE UL) Datasheet (Rev. MR-2011-09-360_Rev04, 2016), Leonardo DRS, June 5, 2025.
Mark Nussmeier, Low Power and Small Form Factor Infrared Imaging, U.S. Patent No. 9,716,844 B2, July 25, 2017, assigned to FLIR Systems, Inc., Wilsonville, OR (US).
Northrop Grumman, Northrop Grumman’s Electro-Optical Systems Business Awarded Marine Corps Contract for Night Vision Sights (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2001年8月13日)
Photonis, Differences between Gen3 and 4G Image Intensification Technology, Mérignac, France: Photonis Night Vision, 2023
Photonis, Night Vision and Image Intensifiers Market: Technical and Operational Review (Mérignac, France: Photonis, October 17, 2023)
Raytheon Company, Uncooled Microbolometer-Based Infrared Detector, European Patent EP 3 841 373 A1, filed September 2, 2019, published September 15, 2021, https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3841373A1/.
Sheldon Schwartz, Fusion Night Vision System, U.S. Patent No. 9,148,579 B1, September 29, 2015, assigned to L-3 Communications Corporation.
Startup Nation Central, Israeli Innovation Defense Tech, 2024年
State Intellectual Property Office of China, CN110139079A: Microchannel Image Intensifier Tube and Image-Pick-Up System, Google Patents, https://patents.google.com/patent/CN110139079A/zh
Timo Burzel, Sighting Device, European Patent EP 1 772 695 B1, granted July 7, 2010, assigned to Hensoldt Optronics GmbH.
Yaroslav Chingaev, Russia at Rising Risk of Systemic Banking Crisis, State-Linked Economists Warn (The Moscow Times, May 29, 2025)。
 
二、	中文參考文獻
（一）、	官方資料
〈2025年中國兵器北方夜視科技研究院集團有限公司招聘公告〉，《昆明市公共就业和人才服  务中心》，https://www.hf960.com/n177082c23.aspx（瀏覽日期：2025年5月8日）
 〈夜视仪：中国特种部队装备现状〉，《中国光学光电子行业协会》，2021年11月，https://w  ww.coema.org.cn/article/202111/4577.html。
中國科學院高能物理研究所，〈江門中微子實驗(JUNO)最新進展〉，《中國科學院高能所官方網  站》，2016年9月22日，https://ihep.cas.cn/dkxzz/juno/JUNO_dongtai/201609/t20160922_466  6948.html
中國電子科技集團公司第十一研究所，〈單兵夜視系統產品頁面〉，《中國電子科技集團公司第
  十一研究所官方網站》，http://www.ncrieo.com.cn/11/338317/338322/1559346/index.html
中華人民共和國商務部，〈關於出口管制的重要說明〉，《中華人民共和國商務部出口管制官方  網站》，2023年7月，https://exportcontrol.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zjsj/202307/869.html。
中華人民共和國商務部、海關總署. (2023年7月23日). 商務部海關總署公告2023年第23   號：關於對鎵、鍺相關物項實施出口管制的公告. https://m.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zwgk/gkzc  fb/202307/20230703419666.shtml
公共工程委員會,〈18公釐光放管 招標公告〉, 政府電子採購網, https://web.pcc.gov.tw/pis/
立法院，〈第十一屆第三會期會議紀錄〉，立法院全球資訊網，https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Det  ail.aspx?nodeid=33552&pid=188405。
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）。
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》，第二章第4條（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）。
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》，第三章第9條（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》，第四章第11條（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》，第四章第11條（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）。
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》，第四章第12條（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）
立法院，《國防產業發展條例》，第四章第13條（臺北市：立法院，2022年11月30日修正）
安全与管制局，〈商务部公告2024年第46号：关于加强相关两用物项对美国出口管制的公   告〉，《中华人民共和国商务部》，2024年12月3日，https://aqygzj.mofcom.gov.cn/flzc/gzjgfx wj/art/2024/art_daaa02c05d8946179dcf5d1ba499ac46.html
行政院，〈推動五大信賴產業〉，行政院全球資訊網，2024年9月16日，https://www.ey.gov.t  w/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/2c8a7598-da1f-4596-a63c-8371b36190db
李浩然、徐艺洋、韩帅、张愈，〈陆军某旅开展夜视装备强化训练的一段经历〉，《解放軍報》，  2025年4月12日，http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16380171.html。
國防部，《103年度法定預算書表（公開部分）》（臺北市：國防部）。
國防部，《中華民國112年度國防部所屬單位預算上冊》。
國防部，《國防科技發展推行會》（臺北市：國防部，2016年12月18日），https://www.mnd.g  ov.tw/Publish.aspx?p=71199&title=
國防部，《國防科技發展推行會》（臺北市：國防部，2016年7月1日），https://www.mnd.gov.  tw/Publish.aspx?P=71200&title=
國防部，《國防部業務報告 立法院第11屆第3會期》（臺北市：國防部，2025年），頁20
國防部，《國家中山科學研究院111年度績效評鑑分析報告》，2023年8月，臺北市：國防部
國防部軍備局生產製造中心. (2009年6月3日). 軍備局生產製造中心. http://www.mnd.gov.t   w/Publish.aspx?cnid=125&p=34855
國家國防科技工業局，〈機構簡介〉，《國家國防科技工業局官方網站》，https://www.sastind.go  v.cn/n10086167/n10086221/c10676420/content.html。
曾文煌、洪勝堯. (2019年10月). 國防部主管109年度單位預算評估報告.
雲林縣政府計畫處，〈雲林縣政府新聞參考資料114.03.19〉，雲林縣政府全球資訊網，2025年  3月19日，https://planning.yunlin.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=1113&s=532436
經濟部國際貿易署，〈捷克推動2024-2033出口及國際化策略，強化新興產業競爭力〉，《經濟  部國際貿易署全球資訊網》，2024年4月30日，https://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?  nodeID=45&pid=787561&areaID=4&infotype=1&country=5L+E576F5pav&history=&PointWo  rk=1。
審計部，《中華民國111年度中央政府總決算審核報告：各公務機關重要審核意見（第1冊）》 （臺北市：審計部，2023年），頁丙203–204
審計部，《中華民國111年度中央政府總決算審核報告：各公務機關重要審核意見（第1冊）》（臺北市：審計部，2023年）。
審計部，《中華民國112年度中央政府總決算審核報告：各公務機關重要審核意見（第2冊）》（臺北市：審計部，2024年），頁丙241
駐捷克代表處經濟組、國際貿易署貿易統計，《捷克經貿檔》，2024年12月17日，臺北市：  駐捷克代表處經濟組

（二）、	網際網路資料
〈《海外經濟研究》期刊介紹〉，《紅外技術期刊》，http://hwjs.nvir.cn/aboutJournal（瀏覽日期：  2025年5月8日）
〈ARGUS夜視產品介紹〉，《特種裝備網》，無日期，https://argusinc.tezhongzhuangbei.com/gy  cp_date_65186.html
〈西安光科智通電子科技有限公司榮膺高新技術企業，探秘其創新實力與行業前景〉，《搜狐   新聞》，https://www.sohu.com/a/867685649_121956424
〈紅外焦平面陣列原理及其分類〉，《光學網》，2025年6月，https://www.lightfc.com/NewsDe  tail.aspx?type=9&id=2372.
〈評測：BNVD NT-1431夜視儀 德國專家如何評價中國製造夜視設備〉，《騰訊新聞》，https:  //news.qq.com/rain/a/20201128A02VL600
「FOM 2000白磷圖像增強器管」，《JPNV》，https://www.jpnvnightvision.com/imaging-intensif  ier-tube/fom-2000-iit-white-phosphor.html
「天津阿爾戈斯科技發展有限公司」，《特種裝備網》，https://wap.tezhongzhuangbei.com/shopq  y_147531_ARGUSINC.html
BBC 中文網，〈法國同意向俄羅斯歸還兩艘西北風級戰艦訂金〉，《BBC 中文網》，2015年7 月31日，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/07/150731_france_russia_warship_co mpensation。
BBC 中文網，〈烏克蘭戰爭：俄軍對烏發動新攻勢，但能如普京所願嗎？〉，《BBC 中文網》，  2022年9月19日，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-62939017。
Berk，〈中國單兵夜視儀的嘗試：TWJ-1微光夜視儀〉，《戰甲軍品資料網》，2014年6月2日，  https://www.junpin360.com/html/2014-06-02/3256.html
JPNV Night Vision，〈Enhanced Night Vision Binocular Goggles 產品頁面〉，《JPNV Night   Vision 官方網站》，https://www.jpnvnightvision.com/night-vision/head-mounted-night-vision-go ggles/enhanced-night-vision-binocular-goggles.html
SGS,《ISO 28000 供應鏈安全管理系統》, https://www.sgs.com.tw/service/page/148/2/149-cert  ification
TP Link Editorial Group, 〈最佳夜視網絡攝影機 — 了解如何保護您的家居或工作地方〉,   TP Link 香港, 2024年1月8日, https://www.tp-link.com/zh-hk/blog/1449/最佳夜視-網絡-攝  影機-了解如何保護您的家居或工作地方
工商時報，〈攻非紅商機 無人機國家隊 政院確立3目標5策略〉，《工商時報》，2025年1月  14日，https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20250114700083-439901
方野，〈中國紅外線熱像儀三強鼎立　睿創微納穩坐龍頭〉，《電子時報》，2024年2月5日，  https://www.digitimes.com.tw/TECH/DT/N/SHWNWS.ASP?ID=0000631373_TLM4FH706M0   KFA4EFXN3C
北方夜視科技股份有限公司，〈產品中心像增強器頁面〉，《北方夜視科技股份有限公司官方網  站》，2022年4月3日，http://www.nvt.com.cn/art/2022/4/3/art_7933_329290.html
北方夜視科技股份有限公司，〈微通道板〉，《北方夜視科技股份有限公司官方網站》，2023     年3月16日，http://bfys.norincogroup.com.cn/art/2023/3/16/art_8479_422141.html
  北方夜視科技研究院集團有限公司，〈國聘〉，https://www.iguopin.com/company?id=1068531  1222686451
成高帥、尹君，〈美國陸軍裝備新型高性能夜視鏡〉，《中國軍網》，2021年5月11日，http://  www.81.cn/bq_208581/10034109.html。
朱明（2024年5月5日）。〈俄烏戰爭全球光放管缺貨！陸軍籌購5萬具夜視鏡　國內代理商  敬謝不敏〉，《上報》，https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/Ya2aKRj。
自由時報，〈獨家專訪》谷立言駁疑美論：美將台視為21世紀競爭中獲勝首選夥伴〉，《自由  時報電子報》，2024年3月10日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/4974697
自由開講，〈國防工業的國際合作：提升技術與裝備的全球戰略〉，《自由評論網》，2024年7   月12日，https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4734377。
  吳怡昌,〈化黑夜為白晝？－夜視鏡的功能與限制〉,《中華民國航空醫學會刊》, 第12卷第  1期, 1998年
吳書緯，〈獨家》中科院國造夜視鏡交貨落後逾萬具 立委憂恐成國軍戰力缺口〉，《自由軍武   頻道》，2023年8月23日，https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4402543
  李夜雨，〈八一建軍節｜李夜雨：具有中國特色的解放軍數字化作戰部隊已成型〉，《紫荊》，  2023年8月1日，https://bau.com.hk/article/2023-08/01/content_1135904877090922496.html。
李俊勇，〈彻底告别雨衣挎包水壶三件套，解放军数字化单兵系统弯道超车美国〉，《中国集群  通信网》，2024年11月9日，https://www.pttcn.net/plus/m_view.php?aid=33948。
林柏州，〈「智慧國防計畫」與國防科技機制發展〉，《國防安全雙週報》，第66期，國防安全   研究院，2019年9月27日，https://indsr.org.tw/respublicationcon?uid=12&resid=729&pid=2   868
林倖妃，〈百億標案緊急動員！「無人機國家隊」軍民聯手的關鍵一戰〉，《報導者》，2022年  10月13日，https://www.twreporter.org/a/drone-warfare-taiwan-national-team
青年日報, 〈【隊徽圖誌】生產製造中心第401廠 輔弼戰備〉, 2023年9月14日, https://ww  w.ydn.com.tw/news/newsInsidePage?chapterID=1615034
姚中原，〈講武堂》姚中原：以色列國防值得台灣借鏡〉，《自由時報》，2023年6月28日，h  ttps://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4346850
常思穎，〈美中科技戰從技術管控到投資管控：高科技背後的博弈與風險〉，《BBC 中文網》，  2023年8月18日，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business-66530604。
晨曦軍情，〈中國特種部隊夜視裝備現狀〉，《每日頭條》，2017年9月14日，https://kknews.c  c/military/vzjv3xl.html。
莊宇崴，〈排擠特定廠商？中科院採購列管軍品 供應商獲得認證卻無法參與招標〉，《Yahoo    奇摩新聞》，2024年4月17日，https://tw.news.yahoo.com/061952608.html
郭雲昊、卓康傑、林泱蔚,〈光與能量〉,《科技大觀園》, 2021年9月30日, https://scitechvi  sta.nat.gov.tw/Article/C000003/detail?ID=9c60b403-53ae-4500-b4ae-1ee8aa4bdeec
陳治程（2024年12月12日）。〈國軍新式雙眼夜視鏡僅配發陸軍特戰部隊 海、空軍仍未普   及〉，《NewsTaiwan.net》，https://newstaiwan.net/2024/12/12/259391/。
陳治程（2025年4月25日）。〈國軍守備旅可打夜戰！軍備局已交付萬餘具步機槍、頭戴夜   視鏡〉，《自由軍武頻道》，https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/5023394。
陳治程，〈苦於「這項」零件產能不足 國造夜視鏡力拼今年底交付守備部隊〉，《自由軍武頻   道》，2024年7月10日，https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4732471。
陳冠儀（Ian Chan）. (2023, July 12). 〈中國鎵出口管制對供應鏈的影響〉. DIGITIMES
傅啟禎（2020年9月6日）。〈武備巡禮：夜戰利器 TS-93、TS-96 夜視鏡〉，《Yahoo 奇摩新  聞》，https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%AD%A6%E5%82%99%E5%B7%A1%E7%A6%AE-%E  5%A4%9C%E6%88%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%99%A8-ts-93-ts-160000112.html。
報導者The Reporter，〈【Hello World】以巴50年來最嚴重軍事危機：哈瑪斯大突襲〉，《報導  者》，2023年10月8日，https://www.twreporter.org/a/hello-world-2023-10-08
滨松光子学商贸（中国）有限公司,〈光电倍增管的光阴极技术〉,《滨松光子学商贸（中国）  有限公司》, 2025年6月5日, http://share.hamamatsu.com.cn/specialDetail/1115.html
經濟日報，〈首列全球百大軍工企業 中科院獨家直擊〉，《經濟日報》，2023年，https://money.  udn.com/SSI/2023/topic_military/ncsist/article.html?from=topic_military&id=7136410。
經濟日報數位團隊，〈首列全球百大軍工企業 中科院獨家直擊〉，《經濟日報》，2023年4月，  https://money.udn.com/SSI/2023/topic_military/ncsist.html
葉家瑋，〈三讀通過國防產業發展條例修正〉，《中國時報》，2022年11月15日，https://www.  chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20221115001963-260407?chdtv
詹益仁，〈中國管制鎵出口對供應鏈的影響〉，《DIGITIMES》，2023年7月11日，https://ww   w.digitimes.com.tw/col/article/?id=12180
濱松光子學股份有限公司，〈微通道板離子反饋現象〉，《濱松光子學中國官網》，2025年6月  6日，http://share.hamamatsu.com.cn/specialDetail/1087.html。
觀察者網，〈解放軍輕型步兵旅曝光，裝備猛士車族對位美國步兵旅〉，2018年8月14日，h  ttps://www.guancha.cn/military-affairs/2018_08_14_468108.shtml?s=fwrplbbt?web
（三）、	書籍資料
王麗, 尚曉星, & 王瑛. (2008).微光夜視儀的發展激光與光電子學進展, 45(3).
朱延智，《圖解產業分析：第六章產業結構與標準》（臺北市：五南，2025年）
吳怡昌. (1998 年 12 月). 化黑夜為白晝？－夜視鏡的功能與限制. 中華民國航空醫學會刊,   12(1).
李良愷. (2007 年 2 月). 夜視技術簡介. 儀科中心簡訊, 79.
苗沛元. (2002 年 8 月). 征服夜暗 創造優勢–新一代夜視裝備發展趨勢. 軍品科技新知, 11   9.
航空醫學期刊. (2002). 夜視鏡的沿革. J Aviat MED & Sci ROC, 16(1).
張紹勳，《研究方法》，台中：滄海，2007年，第二版
梁介豪. (2011). 夜視裝備發展現況與砲兵運用之研析. 陸軍砲兵季刊, 154(3).
董慧明，《中國大陸國防科技工業的蛻變與發展》（臺北：五南圖書出版公司，2019年）
B. H. Liddell Hart 著，林華譯，《第二次世界大戰》（History of the Second World War）（台 北：遠流出版社，1991年）。

（四）、	論文期刊文章
李良愷. (2007年2月). 夜視技術簡介. 儀科中心簡訊, 79.
胡宏智，〈光電子技術在205所40年的發展〉，《應用光學（增刊）》，第24期，2003年
王麗、尚曉星、王瑛，〈微光夜視儀的發展〉，《激光與光電子學進展》，第45卷第3期，2008  年3月
吳柏寬，〈中資來了──談歐盟因應中資併購與「一帶一路」〉，《經濟前瞻》，第180期，2018   年11月
林鼎鈞，《量子井紅外線偵測器之模型建立與模擬》，臺北：國立臺灣大學電子工程學研究所   碩士論文，2015年
蘭舟達、邢毓君，〈地緣政治視角下的中巴軍事技術合作〉，《國防科技》，第35卷第5期，2   014年10月
陳立樵，〈中國軍事戰略新動向與新技術軍備化〉，《國防安全即時評析》，2024年4月8日，  https://indsr.org.tw/focus?uid=11&pid=2699&typeid=22。
詹曙維（2015年）。〈微光夜視技術對我砲兵之影響〉，《砲兵季刊》，第185期（臺南：陸軍砲  兵訓練指揮部）。
舒孝煌、許智翔，〈台灣發展不對稱戰力的利基〉，收錄於《2020中共政軍發展評估報告》，臺  北市：國防安全研究院
高長，〈中國大陸紅色供應鏈崛起的國際效應〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，第20卷第3期，2019年  7月

（五）、	研究報告
呂彬、李曉松、姬鹏宏，《西方國家军民融合發展道路研究》（北京市：國防工業出版社，201  5）。

（六）、	商業出版技術手冊
Google Patents，〈北方夜視技術股份有限公司 微光像增強器相關專利檢索頁面〉，《Google P  atents》，https://patents.google.com/