§ 瀏覽學位論文書目資料
  
系統識別號 U0002-0407202323324800
DOI 10.6846/tku202300306
論文名稱(中文) 基於超寬頻技術之智慧社區訪客管理系統
論文名稱(英文) Smart Community Visitor Management System based on Ultra-Wideband Technology
第三語言論文名稱
校院名稱 淡江大學
系所名稱(中文) 資訊工程學系碩士班
系所名稱(英文) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
外國學位學校名稱
外國學位學院名稱
外國學位研究所名稱
學年度 111
學期 2
出版年 112
研究生(中文) 彭睿宇
研究生(英文) Jui-Yu Peng
學號 610410119
學位類別 碩士
語言別 繁體中文
第二語言別
口試日期 2023-06-20
論文頁數 46頁
口試委員 指導教授 - 林其誼(chiyilin@mail.tku.edu.tw)
口試委員 - 蔡智強(jichiangt@nchu.edu.tw)
口試委員 - 林振緯(jwlin@csie.fju.edu.tw)
關鍵字(中) 物聯網
超寬頻
室內定位
訪客管理
關鍵字(英) Internet of Things
Ultra-Wideband
Indoor Positioning
Visitor Management
第三語言關鍵字
學科別分類
中文摘要
提到定位的技術,大多數人會想到的是全球定位系統(Global Positioning System,簡稱 GPS),但由於其定位精度受環境影響,尤其是在室內場景或密集大樓,會導致衛星信號接收不良。因此,若要進行室內定位,勢必要找尋其他技術來填補 GPS 在這方面的不足,而 Wi-Fi、藍牙(Bluetooth)、超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband,簡稱 UWB)等技術恰好符合這方面的需要。這些技術也隨著物聯網的快速發展,逐漸被應用在智慧家庭、智慧建築、智慧城市等場域。

 UWB 是一種能在極短的時間內發送超過 500MHz 以上寬帶的脈衝信號,這些脈衝信號的持續時間僅為數納秒或更短。這種特性使 UWB 能夠在頻譜中佔用寬廣的頻帶,同時避免與 Wi-Fi 或是 Bluetooth 等其他無線通信系統之間的干擾。另外,UWB 技術還具有抗多路徑衰減的能力。具體而言,由於無線信號在室內環境中會發生多重反射和散射,導致信號到達接收器存在多個路徑,這種現象稱為多路徑衰減。而 UWB 技術能夠利用多路徑信號的到達時間差異,進行信號處理和定位算法,以消除或減少多路徑衰減對定位精度的影響。

由於目前大部分社區採用 RFID、NFC 等近距離感應的磁卡,開放外賓、外送員等訪客持有並進入社區,但往往持有的磁卡可進出之大樓與樓層無法有效限制,形成社區安全的隱憂。因此,本研究當中我們透過 DWM1001-DEV 開發板進行 UWB 錨點與標籤之實作,讓訪客持有標籤,而社區各門禁作為錨點,再利用樹莓派(Raspberry Pi)與錨點相互通訊,取得各錨點以及標籤的資訊,並利用數學公式計算錨點與標籤之間的估算距離,並即時地上傳至資料庫,而社區管理員可透過網頁進行標籤登記、時效限制,藉此提高社區安全度,並方便訪客進出。
英文摘要
When it comes to positioning technology, most people think of the Global Positioning 
System (GPS). However, the positioning accuracy of GPS is affected by the environment, especially in indoor scenes or dense buildings, because of poor satellite signal reception. Therefore, for indoor positioning, it is necessary to use other technologies to fill the shortcomings of GPS in this regard, among which Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ultra-Broadband(UWB) and some other technologies just meet this need. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, these technologies are gradually applied in smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities and other fields.

UWB is a pulse signal capable of sending more than 500MHz within a very short period, 
and the duration of these pulse signals is only a few nanoseconds or less. This feature allows UWB to utilize a wide frequency band in the spectrum while avoiding interference with other wireless communication systems such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. In addition, UWB technology has the ability to resist multipath attenuation. Specifically, because wireless signals are reflected and scattered in the indoor environment, there are multiple paths for the signal to reach the receiver, a phenomenon known as multipath attenuation. The UWB technology can use the difference in arrival time of multipath signals to carry out signal processing and positioning algorithms to eliminate or reduce the impact of multipath attenuation on positioning accuracy.

Nowadays most of the communities use RFID, NFC and other proximity magnetic cards for access control. With such cards in hand, visitors are able to pass the access control points and enter the community. However, without proper management, the access cards can be used to enter all the buildings and floors in the community, forming a hidden concern for community security. Therefore, in this study, we implement a UWB-based community visitor management system that can grant access according to where the visitor intends to go. Specifically, we use the DWM1001-DEV development boards to implement UWB anchors and tags. Visitors hold the UWB tags as the access cards, and the UWB anchors deployed at the access control points can detect the presence of UWB tags. Moreover, anchors are able to communicate with each other and calculate the estimated distance between anchors and tags. Our community visitor management system also offers a web interface, by which the community manager can register the UWB tags for the visitors easily. With our system, visitors can only reach the location he/she intends to go, and the access control is effective only within the predefined period of time. 
第三語言摘要
論文目次
目錄
第一章 緒論	1
1.1 研究背景	1
1.2 研究目的與動機	2
1.3 論文架構	2
第二章 技術背景與相關研究	4
2.1 定位方法	4
2.1.1 到達角度(Angle of Arrival, AoA)	4
2.1.2 到達時間(Time of Arrival, ToA)	5
2.1.3 到達時間差(Time Difference of Arrival, TDoA)	6
2.1.4 通道狀態資訊(Channel State Information, CSI)	7
2.1.5 接收訊號強度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI)	8
2.2 超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband, UWB)	10
2.3 DWM1001 Two-Way-Ranging Real Time Location System(DRTLS)	12
2.3.1 雙向測距法(Two Way Ranging, TWR)	13
2.3.2 Superframe封包格式	14
2.3.3 DRTLS效能表現	15
2.4 相關研究	15
第三章 系統架構與研究方法	18
3.1 相關硬體介紹	18
3.2 系統架構	19
3.3 系統運作流程	20
第四章 系統實作與功能展示	22
4.1 實驗環境	22
4.2 定位系統	24
4.2.1 DRTLS Manager R2	24
4.2.2 Listener與Raspberry Pi 3B+連接	28
4.2.3 Anchors、Listener	29
4.2.4 Tags	32
4.2.5 判斷Tags的位置	34
4.2.6 LED顯示	34
4.3 管理系統	35
4.3.1 Google Firebase	35
4.3.2 後端架設	36
4.3.3 前端網頁呈現	37
4.4 實驗測試	38
第五章 結論與未來展望	42
5.1 結論	42
5.2 未來展望	42
參考文獻	44

圖目錄
圖2.1 1 AoA定位示意圖	5
圖2.1 2 ToA定位示意圖	6
圖2.1 3 TDoA定位示意圖	7
圖2.1 4 CSI示意圖[7]	8
圖2.1 5 RSSI 定位示意圖	9
圖2.2 1 UWB與各技術比較圖[11]	11
圖2.3 1 DRTLS系統[12]	13
圖2.3 2雙向測距法的計算原理	13
圖2.3 3 Superframe格式	14
圖3.1 1 DW`M1001-DEV	18
圖3.2 1 定位系統架構	20
圖 3.2 2 管理系統架構	20
圖3.3 1 系統運作流程	21
圖4.1 1 社區模擬圖	23
圖4.1 2實驗環境圖	24
圖4.2 1 DRTLS Manager R2的設定畫面	25
圖4.2 2 DRTLS Manager R2中Anchors和Tags的清單圖	26
圖4.2 3 Anchors和Tags在二維空間中的位置	27
圖4.2 4 Listener與樹莓派之間以UART介面連接	28
圖4.2 5 Minicom的連接畫面	29
圖4.2 6 List_of_Anchors函式內容	30
圖 4.2 7 Position_of_Listener函式內容	31
圖4.2 8 Doors函式內容	32
圖4.2 9 Position_of_Tags函式內容	33
圖4.2 10 Judge_Tags函式內容	34
圖4.2 11 LED的GPIO接口設置	35
圖4.2 12 LED函式內容	35
圖4.3 1 Firebase Cloud Firestore架設	36
圖4.3 2 前端網頁	38
圖 4.4 1 定位系統實驗測試	39
圖 4.4 2 UWB社區智能門禁管理操作介面	39
圖 4.4 3 A棟的權限	40
圖 4.4 4 B棟的權限	40
圖 4.4 5 門禁已開啟	41
圖 4.4 6 門禁仍鎖上	41

表目錄
表 2.3 1 DRTLS規格表	15
表3.1 1 DWM1001-DEV的詳細規格	19
參考文獻
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