由於地緣政治和經濟關係，美國的拉丁美洲政策向來是談論到拉美事務時必須關注的議題。同時，由於美國位居西半球的霸權地位，美拉關係的走向可謂繫於美國總統對該區域的政策和態度。然而，川普「美國優先」的政策方針和極具爭議的個人特色，無疑是改變了這個政策，為這段本身就相當複雜難解的關係給予一記重拳。
　　本文為瞭解川普的拉丁美洲政策，將利用歷史比較法和文獻分析法，從現實主義的角度，觀察美國拉丁美洲政策的制定邏輯，重現美國與拉美國家關係的發展歷程，進而解釋川普任內的拉丁美洲政策。鑑此，筆者先從影響美國拉丁美洲政策深遠的門羅主義開始介紹，並將美國政府如何運用該主義以獲取國家利益的方式進行分類。再者，藉由國際關係的層次分析法，剖析川普的拉丁美洲政策制定背景，聚焦其任內所關注的經貿、安全議題。最後，經由案例分析，本文驗證川普政府的拉丁美洲政策與外界認為有很大的翻轉是不同的，實際上是延續大於改變的。此外，本文也發現門羅主義在與安全相關的議題中，確實持續影響著美國華府決策圈的政策思維。
　　最後，本文的結論是，由於美國在拉丁美洲追求的國家利益無太大變動，因此川普在該區域的政策與過往相去不遠。主要的差別在於川普個人的傲慢態度，以及其政府對於強調美國自身利益的直白露骨。另外，在川普政府任內，強調域外勢力不可干預的門羅主義，可謂再次浮現在美國的拉美政策檯面上。然而，以上行徑不僅破壞美國的領導地位基石，也讓許多拉美國家憶起過往美帝蠻橫干預的行徑。是故，未來美國若想挽救與拉美國家的關係，勢必得拋棄門羅主義的思維、展現更大決心，以及落實其承諾，方能重建美國在拉美地區的領導地位。

　　Due to geopolitical and economic relations, the U.S. policy toward Latin America has always been a topic that we must pay attention to when discussing Latin American affairs. At the same time, because of the hegemony of the United States in the Western Hemisphere, the development of bilateral relations between the United States and the various countries of Latin America depends on the U.S. President’s policies and attitudes towards the region. However, Trump's "America First" policy and highly controversial personal characteristics undoubtedly changed the principle of liberal hegemony and gave a heavy blow to this inherently complicated and difficult relationship.
　　In order to understand Trump’s Latin American policy, this thesis will adopt historical comparison and document analysis methods to observe the logic of U.S policy toward Latin America through the lens of realism, reconstruct the evolution of the relationship between the United States and Latin American countries, and then explain Trump’s Latin American policy. In light of this, the dissertation first introduces Monroe Doctrine, which has far-reaching influence on American policies in Latin America, and categorizes the ways the U.S. government uses this Doctrine to obtain national interests. Furthermore, the essay uses level of analysis of international relations to analyze the background of Trump's policy-making in Latin America, focusing on the economic, trade and security issues during his tenure. Finally, through case analysis, this article verifies that the Trump administration’s Latin American policy is quite different from what people usually believe in. In fact, its continuity is greater than change. In addition, this article also discovers that the Monroe Doctrine does continue to influence the policy thinking of the Washington D.C. decision-making circle in security-related issues.
　　Finally, this thesis concludes that since the national interests pursued by the United States in Latin America have not changed much, Trump’s policies in the region are not far from the past. The major difference lies in Trump’s personal arrogance and his government’s outspoken emphasis on the self-interest of the United States. In addition, the Monroe doctrine, which emphasizes the non-intervention of foreign forces, seems to resurface and continue to affect the U.S. policy toward Latin America under Trump’s administration. However, the above actions not only undermine the cornerstone of American leadership, but also remind many Latin American countries of the U.S. imperial intervention in the past. Therefore, if the United States wants to restore its relationship with Latin American countries in the future, it must abandon the Monroe Doctrine, show greater determination, and fulfill its commitments in order to reestablish its leading role in the Latin American region.

第一章　緒論	1
第一節	議題背景	1
第二節	研究動機與目的	5
第三節	文獻檢閱	7
第四節	研究途徑與方法	11
第五節	研究架構	14
第六節	小結	17
第二章　美國拉丁美洲政策基石：門羅主義	19
第一節	門羅主義的發展歷程	19
第二節	門羅主義的政策應用	29
第三節	小結	41
第三章　川普的拉丁美洲政策	45
第一節	川普政府外交政策的提出背景	45
第二節	「美國優先」的拉丁美洲政策	56
第三節	小結	78
第四章　案例分析：川普政府的委內瑞拉政策	81
第一節	21世紀的美國委內瑞拉關係	81
第二節	川普政府強硬的單邊經濟制裁政策	88
第三節	小結	111
第五章　結論	113
參考書目	125

表目錄
（表3-1）2016年美國大選出口民調	51

圖目錄
（圖1-1）本論文之分析架構	16
（圖3-1）2016年美國大選結果（州）	52
（圖3-2）歷年美國逮捕的非法移民人數變化	68
（圖4-1）川普任期對委內瑞拉發布的經濟制裁	91

壹、	中文部分
一、	專書
Mearsheimer, John J.著，王義桅、唐小松譯，2003。《大國政治的悲劇》（The Tragedy of Great Power Politics）。上海：上海人民。
Skidmore, Thomas., Smith, Peter and Green, James著，張森根、岳雲霞譯，2014。《現代拉丁美洲－第七版》（Modern Latin America 7th Edition）。中國：當代中國。
Trump, Donald J.著，朱崇旻譯，2017。《總統川普：讓美國再度偉大的重整之路，將帶領世界走向何處？》（Great Again: How to Fix Our Crippled America）。臺灣：時報文化。
Trump, Mary L.著，周辰陽、季晶晶、郭宣含、陳韻涵譯，2020。《永不滿足：我的家族如何製造出唐納．川普》（Too Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World’s Most Dangerous Man）。臺灣：聯經。
Walt, Stephen M.著，林詠心譯，2019。《以善意鋪成的地獄-菁英的僵化與霸權的衰弱》（The Hell of Good Intentions: America's Foreign Policy Elite and the Decline of U.S. Primacy）。臺北：麥田。
Woodward, Bob著，林添貴譯，2019。《恐懼：川普入主白宮》（Fear: Trump in the White House）。臺北：遠流。
明居正，2011。＜古典現實主義之反思＞，包宗和主編，《國際關係理論》。臺北：五南文化。
林碧炤，2013。《國際政治與外交政策》。臺北：五南文化。
徐世澄，2007。＜80年代的美拉關係＞，徐世澄主編，《美國和拉丁美洲關係史》。中國：社會科學文獻。
徐世澄，2007。＜90年代初的美拉關係＞，徐世澄主編，《美國和拉丁美洲關係史》。中國：社會科學文獻。
張文峰，2007。＜20世紀30年代和第二次世界大戰期間的美拉關係＞，徐世澄主編，《美國和拉丁美洲關係史》。中國：社會科學文獻。
張文峰，2007＜60年代的美拉關係＞，徐世澄主編，《美國和拉丁美洲關係史》。中國：社會科學文獻。
張亞中，2016。＜理解國際關係＞，張亞中、張登及主編，《國際關係總論－第四版》。新北：揚智文化。
張經義，2019。《白宮義見》。臺北：先覺。
湯小棣，2002。＜美國對中美洲的干涉＞，徐世澄主編，《帝國霸權與拉丁美洲:戰後美國對拉美的干涉》。北京：世界知識。
焦震衡，2007。＜19世紀和20世紀初的美拉關係＞，徐世澄主編，《美國和拉丁美洲關係史》。中國：社會科學文獻。
焦震衡，2007。＜第一次世界大戰前後的美拉關係＞，徐世澄主編，《美國和拉丁美洲關係史》。中國：社會科學文獻。
賀雙榮，2002。＜美國藉口掃毒干涉拉美內政＞，徐世澄主編，《帝國霸權與拉丁美洲-戰後美國對拉美的干涉》。北京：世界知識。
劉紀新，2002。＜美國對中美洲的干涉＞，徐世澄主編，《帝國霸權與拉丁美洲:戰後美國對拉美的干涉》。北京：世界知識。
關中，2021。《川普和川普主義：分裂的美國》。臺灣：時報文化。
二、	期刊文獻
俞新天，2017。＜川普與蔡英文上台深層原因的比較與思考＞，《台灣研究》，第5期。
紀舜傑，2016。＜美國中立政策之探討＞，《台灣國際研究季刊》，第12卷第2期。
黃富娟，2020/3。＜安地斯國家替代發展之研究：秘魯、委內瑞拉與厄瓜多的比較＞，《問題與研究》，第59卷第1期。
楊建平，2013。＜委內瑞拉「後查維玆時代」與美、中關係的變與不變＞，《拉丁美洲經貿季刊》，第 13 期。
楊建平，2016。＜拉丁美洲對中國戰略地位之演變＞，《淡江國際與區域研究半年刊》，第4卷第2期。
楊建平、王珍一，2019/6。＜委內瑞拉危機中的列強地緣政治博弈＞，《拉丁美洲經貿季刊》，第37期。
楊榮仁，2019/12。＜概述經濟制裁暨注意事項＞，《財金資訊季刊》，第96期。
顏慧欣、鄭昀欣，2018/6。＜NAFTA重談之進展與意涵分析＞，《WTO及RTA電子報》，第606期。
三、	研討會論文
王秀琦，2010/8。＜美國歐巴馬政府對拉丁美洲外交政策之研析＞，「歐巴馬外交      
　　政策學術」研討會。淡水：淡江大學美洲研究所。
四、	網路資料
吳寧康，2017/9/1。＜NAFTA第二輪談判登場將進入深水區＞，中央廣播電台，＜https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/366184＞。
李可心，2020/6/2。＜從川普33年前的著作《交易的藝術》，看美國退出WHO與對中政策記者會＞，《關鍵評論》，＜https://www.thenewslens.com/article/135847＞。
胡培菱，2017/10/11。＜《絕望者之歌》書評：川普的成功在於，他比主流美國先看到這群憤怒的他者＞，《關鍵評論》，＜https://www.thenewslens.com/article/80586。
凌勝利，2018/1/15。＜“特朗普主義”：單邊多邊是手段實用主義是根本＞，《海外網》，＜https://m.haiwainet.cn/middle/353596/2018/0115/content_31235000_1.html＞。
徐世澄，2014/12/15。＜歐巴馬上台以來的美拉關係---國際形勢年終稿＞，《國際網》。＜http://comment.cfisnet.com/2014/1215/1300172.html＞。
陳小雀，2018/12/20。＜小國的外交策略——以拉丁美洲的外交關係演變為例＞，《關鍵評論》，＜https://www.thenewslens.com/article/110075＞。
黃奎博、胡育瑋，2017/1/25。＜歐巴馬外交政策的遺憾＞，《關鍵評論》，＜https://www.thenewslens.com/article/60054＞。
趙春山，2020/12/1。＜從「亞太再平衡」到「歐亞再平衡」＞，《風傳媒》，＜https://www.storm.mg/article/3252577?page=1＞。
蔡敏姿，2020/11/19。＜歐巴馬憶中美：要不是金融海嘯 早對大陸出重手＞，《聯合新聞網》，＜https://udn.com/news/story/7333/5026896＞。
貳、	外文部分
一、	專書
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Coatsworth, John H. Central America and the United States: The Clients and the Colossus. New York: Twayne, 1994.
De Madariaga,	Salvador. Latin America between the Eagle and the Bear. New York: Frederick Praeger, 1962.
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Mamone, Ignacio and Smith, Amy Erica. “Crossing borders: United States foreign policy in Latin America.” In Foreign Policy Issues for America: The Trump Years, edited by Richard W. Mansbach and James M. McCormick, 101-116. New York: Routledge, 2019.
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McPherson, Alan. A Short History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean. U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
Molineu, Harold. U.S. Policy toward Latin America: From Regionalism to Globalism. U.S.: Westview Press, 1990.
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Perkins, Dexter. “The Monroe Doctrine, 1823-1826.” In Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S-Latin American Relations -Second Edition, edited by Michael LaRosa & Frank O. Mora, 55-64. U.S.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
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Raymont, Henry. Troubled Neighbors: The Story of U.S.-Latin American Relations from FDR to the Present. U.S.: Westview Press, 2005.
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Rosenberg, Mark B. and Solis, Luis G.	The United States and Central America. New York: Routledge, 2007.
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Viotti, Paul R. and Kauppi, Mark V. International Relations and World Politic Fifth Edition. U.S.: Pearson, 2012.
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Wiarda, Howard. The crisis of American Foreign Policy. U.S.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.
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三、	網路資料
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