本論文的主要目的是進行衛星星系之衛星間通訊連結的研究，探討氣象觀測與通訊兩種星系，在加入衛星間通訊連結的設計後，星系性能上的改進。在氣象衛星星系應用衛星連結設計中，將衛星連結應用於Walker參數18/18/4星系，軌道高度為837公里、傾角為60度的重複地面軌跡圓軌道，增加傳送衛星雲圖的時間與次數，能更加即時的將雲圖傳送回台灣地面站。在通訊微衛星星系應用衛星連結設計中，採用軌道高度為800公里圓軌道，模擬傾角為35度Walker參數36/9/0星系，在連續覆蓋台灣半徑2000公里內，增加衛星連結的應用。在通訊衛星星系上增加橫向通訊衛星連結與縱向通訊衛星連結，最後再將縱向與橫向衛星連結合併，使通訊衛星星系形成一組網狀通訊衛星網絡。再利用STK衛星模擬軟體，算出氣象觀測與通訊衛星星系分別應用衛星之間的方位角、仰角及距離關係。分析探討資料數據可以應用在星上自動跟蹤功能的設計與應用，以及衛星功率自動調整的設計。

The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the advantages of communication link between the satellites in a constellation. Discussions on both the weather observation and communication constellations about the performance improvements after adding inter-satellite links between satellites have been presented in detail. In weather observation constellation with inter-satellite links design, a 18/18/4 Walker constellation with circular orbit at 837km attitude and 60o inclination can increase the time and frequency for downloading satellite weather images drastically. Weather images can be transferred back to Taiwan station almost in real time. In communication constellation satellite with inter-satellite links design, we use the circular orbits at 800km attitude. For continuous coverage of an area centered at Taiwan with radius of 2000km, a 36/9/0 Walker constellation with orbit inclination at 35o has been designed. Three cases have been studied: the horizontal inter-satellite links, to add the vertical inter-satellite links, and to combine horizontal and vertical inter-satellite links. It is concluded that we can make a communication constellation to become satellite communication web. We then calculate the azimuth, elevation and distance between the two links satellites by using STK. The data can be applied in the tracking system design such as the satellite’s antenna and the power adjusting of the satellite’s transmitter.

目 錄
誌謝	I
中文摘要	II
英文摘要	III
目錄	IV
表目錄	VIII
圖目錄	IX
符 號 說 明	XIII
第一章 序論	1
1-1 前言	1
1-2研究動機與目的	8
第二章 軌道計算與攝動	10
2-1 衛星軌道分類	10
2-2克普勒定律與衛星軌道	11
2-3 軌道六元素	14
2-4 軌道的攝動	16
2-5 地面追蹤	19
第三章 衛星任務與星系設計之分析	23
3-1星系任務規劃之原則	23
3-2 衛星星系參數	24
3-3 覆蓋類型	26
3-4衛星星系任務目標	28
3-5氣象觀測星系設計	33
3-5-1 軌道與傾角之選取	33
3-5-2 CCD覆蓋範圍	37
3-5-3 氣象觀測星系設計	43
3-6通訊衛星星系設計	45
3-6-1軌道與傾角之選取	45
3-6-2衛星涵蓋面積	46
3-6-3通訊品質的考量	47
3-6-4通訊星系設計	48
第四章 氣象觀測衛星星系衛星連結探討與應用分析	50
4-1氣象觀測衛星星系衛星連結	50
4-2衛星連結通訊流程與連結架構	50
4-3衛星連結空間的幾何關係	53
4-3-1 極圓軌道星系	53
4-3-2 近極軌道星系	56
4-4氣象觀測衛星星系衛星連結通訊特性	58
4-4-1 都普勒頻移效應	58
4-4-2 自由空間傳播散失	60
4-5 氣象觀測衛星星系衛星連結模擬	61
4-5-1氣象觀測衛星星系衛星連結模擬	61
4-5-2氣象觀測衛星連結模擬結果	76
第五章 通訊衛星星系衛星連結探討與應用分析	87
5-1通訊衛星星系衛星連結	87
5-2傳統衛星通訊與衛星連結比較	87
5-3通訊衛星星系衛星連結通訊特性	90
5-3-1 都普勒頻移效應	90
5-4通訊衛星星系衛星連結模擬	91
5-4-1通訊衛星星系衛星連結應用模擬	91
5-4-1-1 橫向通訊星系衛星連結模擬	92
5-4-1-2 縱向通訊星系衛星連結模擬	93
5-4-1-3縱向與橫向通訊衛星合併衛星連結模擬	93
5-5通訊衛星連結模擬結果	94
5-5-1橫向通訊衛星連結模擬結果	94
5-5-2橫向通訊衛星連結模擬結果	100
第六章 結論	105
參考文獻	108

表 目 錄
表2-1 Zonal係數表	17
表 3-1設計衛星星系的參數及選取策略	23
表3-2 不同特性軌道類型	33
表3-3 軌道高度(km)與軌道傾角(度)的關係	36
表3-4 不同軌道之衛星通訊系統特性綜整表	45
表3-5 固定軌道高度下的最少總衛星數之軌道傾角	49
表4-1 拍攝地點(1)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	64
表4-2 拍攝地點(2)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	65
表4-3 拍攝地點(3)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	66
表4-4 拍攝地點(4)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	67
表4-5 拍攝地點(5)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	69
表4-6 拍攝地點(6)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	70
表4-7 拍攝地點(7)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	71
表4-8 拍攝地點(8)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	73
表4-9 拍攝地點(9)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	74
表4-10拍攝地點(10)拍攝時間與衛星連結時間表	75
表5-1 傳統通訊與衛星連結優缺點比較	89


圖 目 錄
圖2-1 衛星軌道類型	11
圖2-2 二體運動-圓形軌道	12
圖2-3 軌道-能量關係圖	13
圖2-4 橢圓軌道	14
圖2-5 典型的軌道六元素	15
圖2-6 升交點退行率與軌道關係圖	18
圖2-7 衛星之地面軌跡	19
圖2-8 衛星升交點經度調整值	22
圖3-1 衛星涵蓋幾何關係	25
圖3-2 衛星架構	30
圖3-3 軌道傾角60度，軌道高度837.4公里之週期軌道	37
圖3-4 不同FOV下拍照範圍半徑與軌道高度之關係	37
圖3-5 雲圖擷取部份	38
圖3-6 衛星拍攝角度	39
圖3-7 衛星CCD最大覆蓋範圍	39
圖3-8 拍照地點設定	40
圖3-9 拍照範圍	41
圖3-10觀測範圍與FOV關係	42
圖3-11每個軌道面一顆衛星之地面軌跡	44
圖3-12衛星星系18/18/4之地面軌跡	44
圖3-13仰角為5度、10度衛星覆蓋面積	46
圖4-1 衛星連結通信構想圖	50
圖4-2 執行衛星連結流程示意圖	51
圖4-3 衛星連結網路架構示意圖	52
圖4-4 反向軌道及同向軌道	54
圖4-5 相鄰軌道覆蓋幾何圖	54
圖4-6 典型衛星覆蓋示意圖	55
圖4-7 衛星空間幾何圖	57
圖4-8 衛星仰角及衛星距離	57
圖4-9 氣象觀測星系衛星連結的都普勒頻移	60
圖4-10台灣地面站通訊範圍與10個拍攝地點	62
圖4-11氣象觀測雲圖傳送示意圖	63
圖4-12衛星06→02方位角變化情形	78
圖4-13衛星06→02仰角變化情形	78
圖4-14衛星06→02距離變化情形	79
圖4-15衛星02→06方位角變化情形	80
圖4-16衛星02→06仰角變化情形	80
圖4-17 衛星02→06距離變化情形	81
圖4-18 衛星01→09方位角變化情形	82
圖4-19 衛星01→09仰角變化情形	82
圖4-20 衛星01→09距離變化情形	83
圖4-21 衛星09→01方位角變化情形	84
圖4-22 衛星09→01仰角變化情形	84
圖4-23 衛星09→01距離變化情形	85
圖4-24 衛星編號06→02的方位角速率變化情形	86
圖4-25 衛星編號02→06的方位角速率變化情形	86
圖5-1  通訊衛星衛星連結圖	87
圖5-2  通訊星系衛星連結的都普勒頻移	90
圖5-3  衛星星系36/9/0之地面軌跡	91
圖5-4  橫向通訊衛星連結圖	92
圖5-5  縱向通訊衛星連結圖	93
圖5-6  縱向通訊衛星與橫向通訊衛星合併連結圖	94
圖5-7  橫向衛星82→92連結方位角變化情形	95
圖5-8  橫向衛星82→92連結仰角變化情形	96
圖5-9  橫向衛星82→92連結距離變化情形	96
圖5-10 橫向衛星92→82連結方位角變化情形	97
圖5-11 橫向衛星92→82連結仰角變化情形	97
圖5-12 橫向衛星92→82連結距離變化情形	98
圖5-13 橫向衛星編號82→92方位角速率變化圖	99
圖5-14 橫向衛星編號92→82方位角速率變化圖	99
圖5-15 縱向衛星82-63連結方位角變化情形	100
圖5-16 縱向衛星82-63連結仰角變化情形	101
圖5-17 縱向衛星82-63連結距離變化情形	101
圖5-18 縱向衛星63-82連結方位角變化情形	102
圖5-19 縱向衛星63-82連結仰角變化情形	102
圖5-20 縱向衛星63-82連距離變化情形	103
圖5-21 縱向衛星編號82→63方位角速率變化圖	104
圖5-22 縱向衛星編號63→82方位角速率變化圖	104

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