青光眼為一種會造成視神經損害的疾病，當青光眼嚴重時甚至會導致患者永久性的失明，隅角開放型青光眼是目前國人最常見的一種青光眼，其因小樑網的異常導致房水排出不易，進而導致眼球後房的壓力堆積，並且對於視神經盤造成壓迫，最終導致視神經受損。
本研究使用有限元分析軟體ANSYS模擬隅角開放型青光眼發病時眼球前房內房水的流動狀況。當了解到眼球前端壓力時，進而觀察壓力經由眼球組織到視神經盤處時其壓力的分佈狀況。
本研究將所有分析分為四個部分，其分別為眼球前後房房水壓力模擬分析、玻璃體及視神經盤模擬分析、年齡對視神經盤應力之影響分析以及眼壓對視神經盤應力之影響分析，將針對每個部分進行探討，透過結果顯示出當眼球前後房產生壓力堆積時，會透過傳遞的方式，傳遞至視神經盤處，進而對視神經盤造成壓迫，最終導致視神經組織壞死，此結果能夠提供在往後分析隅角開放型青光眼時，有一個具有參考價值的數值模擬數據。

Glaucoma is a kind of disease which will cause optic nerve damage. When the situation worsens, it may cause blindness. Open angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma. Because of the anomalous state of the trabecular meshwork which will cause aqueous humor hard to be drained. Thus, pressure accumulates in the posterior chamber and causes extra force on the optic nerve in the back of the eye, in results doing damage to the nerve fibers.
For better understanding of the pressure distribution on the optic disc which is transferred by the eyeball, we used finite element analysis software ANSYS in this study to simulate conditions of the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber for open angle glaucoma.
All the analysis were divided into four parts, First of all, analysis of pressure in the eye for anterior chamber and posterior chamber. Secondly, analysis of pressure in the eyeball for vitreous body and optic disc. Thirdly, influence on the optic disc due to age and stress. Finally, influence of the Intraocular Pressure of the stress in the optic disc. Each part of these analysis were carefully examined. According to the results, when the pressure accumulate in posterior chamber, the pressure will be transferred by the way which passes by the lens to the optic disc and cause the oppression of the optic disc. In the end, it will cause optic nerve tissue necrosis.

第一章	緒論	                         1
1-1	前言	                         1
1-2	研究背景	                         2
1-3	文獻回顧	                         4
第二章	青光眼	                         7
2-1	青光眼	                         7
2-2	原發性隅角開放型青光眼	         8
第三章	研究方法	                        11
3-1	有限元素法概論	                11
3-2	應用軟體	                        12
3-3	數值分析理論	                14
3-3-1.	Continuity Equation	        16
3-3-2.	Momentum Equation	        16
3-3-3.	Compressible Energy Equation	17
3-3-4.	Pressure	                18
3-3-5.	收斂檢測	                        19
第四章	分析元素、材料參數與邊界條件設定	21
4-1	定義分析元素	                21
4-2	設定材料參數	                23
4-3	眼球實體模型建立	                25
4-3-1.	眼球前後房模型建立	                25
4-3-2.	眼球玻璃體及視神經盤模型建立	        27
4-3-3.	眼球鞏膜模型建立	                31
4-3-4.	完整眼球模型建立	                32
4-4	初始條件設定	                36
4-5	負載條件設定	                37
第五章	數值模型分析結果	                39
5-1	結果分析	                        39
5-1-1.	眼球前後房房水壓力模擬分析	        39
5-1-2.	玻璃體及視神經盤模擬分析	        43
5-1-3.	年齡對視神經盤應力之影響分析	        51
5-1-4.	眼壓對視神經盤應力之影響分析	        56
第六章	結論與未來展望	                59
6-1	結論	                        60
6-2	未來展望	                        62
參考文獻	                                63
 
圖目錄
圖2-1 青光眼後期視野圖	                 7
圖4-1 原發性隅角開放型青光眼示意圖	        10
圖3-1 ANSYS分析作業流程圖	                13
圖4-1 FLUID142元素圖	                21
圖4-2 SOLID45元素圖	                22
圖4-3 眼球前後房模型圖(視角1)	        25
圖4-4 眼球前後房模型圖(視角2)	        26
圖4-5 眼球前後房網格圖(視角1)	        26
圖4-6 眼球前後房網格圖(視角2)	        27
圖4-7 玻璃體及視神經盤之模型剖面圖	        28
圖4-8 玻璃體及視神經盤之模型圖(視角1)	        28
圖4-9 玻璃體及視神經盤之模型圖(視角2)	        29
圖4-10 玻璃體及視神經盤之網格圖(視角1)	29
圖4-11 玻璃體及視神經盤之網格圖(視角2)	30
圖4-12 眼球鞏膜模型	                31
圖4-13 眼球構造圖	                        32
圖4-14 水晶體加玻璃體模型圖(視角1)	        33
圖4-15 水晶體加玻璃體模型圖(視角2)	        33
圖4-16 眼球2D繪圖	                        34
圖4-17 完整眼球之3D模型圖	                34
圖4-18 完整眼球之3D網格圖	                35
圖4-19 房水流場設定圖	                36
圖4-20 眼球結構示意圖	                37
圖4-21 模擬負載條件示意圖	                38
圖4-22 邊界設定示意圖	                38
圖5-1 眼球前後房之壓力分佈圖	                40
圖5-2 眼球前後房之流速分佈圖	                40
圖5-3 眼球前後房之流線分佈圖	                41
圖5-4 隅角開放型青光眼前後房壓力分佈圖	        42
圖5-5 玻璃體應力分佈剖面圖	                44
圖5-6 玻璃體應變分佈剖面圖	                44
圖5-7 玻璃體應力分佈圖(50MMHG)	        46
圖5-8 玻璃體應變分佈圖(50MMHG)	        46
圖5-9 視神經盤應力比較圖	                47
圖5-10 視神經盤應變比較圖	                47
圖5-11 玻璃體應力數值示意圖	                49
圖5-12 正常人眼壓之玻璃體應力數值示意圖	50
圖5-13 眼球玻璃體之應力比較圖(35~40MMHG)	53
圖5-14 眼球玻璃體之應變比較圖(35~40MMHG)	53
圖5-15 眼球玻璃體之應力比較圖(13~15MMHG)	54
圖5-16 眼球玻璃體之應變比較圖(13~15MMHG)	54
圖5-17 玻璃體之應力比較圖	                57
圖5-18 玻璃體之應變比較圖	                57


 
表目錄
表4-1 房水材料參數表	                23
表4-2 水晶體材料參數表	                23
表4-3 玻璃體材料參數表	                24
表4-4 視神經、篩板、鞏膜、眶脂體材料參數表	24
表5-1 材料參數表-1	                        48
表5-2 模型參數表	                        49
表5-3 應力數值比較表	                51
表5-4 材料參數表-2	                        52
表5-5 材料參數表-3	                        56

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