系統識別號 | U0002-3107201212495800 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2012.01349 |
論文名稱(中文) | 太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統之設計與可操作度分析 |
論文名稱(英文) | Design and Operability Analysis of Solar Driven Membrane Distillation in Desalination Systems |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 100 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 101 |
研究生(中文) | 張舜傑 |
研究生(英文) | Shun-Chieh Chang |
學號 | 600400120 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2012-07-12 |
論文頁數 | 138頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
何啟東
委員 - 陳逸航 委員 - 錢義隆 委員 - 王國彬 委員 - 張煖 |
關鍵字(中) |
直接接觸式薄膜(DCMD) 氣隔式薄膜(AGMD) 海水淡化 ACM軟體 最適化設計 年總成本 可操作性 |
關鍵字(英) |
Direct contact membrane distillation Air gap membrane distillation Desalination ACM software Optimal design TAC Operability |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
本論文提出一種系統方法來研究太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統的設計與可操作性之間的相互作用。其探討直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾(DCMD)與氣隔式薄膜蒸餾(AGMD)進行模組分析。藉由Aspen Custom Molder(ACM)平台,建立各單元模式與運算出年總成本(TAC)函數。利用自由度(DOF)分析,尋找出最適化變數並在不同日照量情況下,產能維持固定,得到最小年總成本。在穩態分析結果,DCMD系統比AGMD系統需要極大太陽能集熱器,導致AGMD系統的TAC較便宜。運用兩個儲熱槽做替換來克服白天與夜晚的控制操作,DCMD和AGMD的最適化設計發現操作範圍皆很小,其皆受到集熱器溫度限制。為了擴大兩系統可操作範圍,將集熱器出口溫度限制條件從95℃改變至75℃,其可增加操作範圍但相對提高成本。最後進行動態模式驗證,不管晴天或是多雲系統皆能穩定的輸出淡水產量。 |
英文摘要 |
In this work, we propose a systematic method to study the interaction between design and operability of solar heated membrane distillation seawater desalination systems. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) modules were explored. Aspen Custom Molder (ACM) platform was used to model and simulate each unit of the system and establish the cost function for counting total annual cost (TAC). From Design degree of freedom (DOF) analysis, design parameters were investigated and used as optimization variables to find the minimum TAC with fixed distillate water production rate by varying the solar energy density. The steady-state simulation result shows the solar driven AGMD desalination systems give the cheaper TAC compared to DCMD ones because of the need for larger size solar collectors for DCMD systems. A secondary hot water storage tank was used and a control structure was proposed to overcome day and night operation. The optimal design for DCMD and AGMD gave a very small operating range due to temperature constrain in effluent stream of solar collectors. In order to widen the operability range of two different plants, the effluent temperature constrains changed from 95 ℃ to 75 ℃. It enlarged the operability range but gave a higher TAC. Finally, the dynamic control results show and verify that the pure water production can be maintained at a very stable level in sunny or cloudy weather by two systems. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 目錄 IV 圖目錄 IX 表目錄 XIV 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 8 1.3 研究動機與方向 11 1.4論文組織與架構 12 第二章理論分析 14 2.1 穩態分析 (Base case) 14 2.1.1 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾(DCMD)系統描述 14 2.1.2 氣隔式薄膜蒸餾(AGMD)系統描述 16 2.2 理論模式建立 17 2.2.1 太陽能集熱器模組及數學模式建立 18 2.2.2 儲熱槽模組及數學模式 21 2.2.3 熱交換器模組及數學模式 22 2.2.4 直接接觸式薄膜模組 (DCMD) 24 2.2.4.1 數學模式 24 2.2.4.2 模式驗證 29 2.2.5 氣隔式薄膜模組 (AGMD)及數學模式 32 第三章、最適化設計 39 3.1 自由度分析 (Degree of freedom) 39 3.1.1 DCMD自由度分析 40 3.1.2 AGMD自由度分析 43 3.2 年總成本函數 45 3.3 各項單元經濟模組 46 3.3.1 設備成本 46 3.3.1.1 熱交換器 46 3.3.1.2 離心式泵 48 3.3.1.3 電加熱器 49 3.3.1.4 太陽能集熱器 50 3.3.1.5 薄膜 50 3.3.2 公用操作成本(Utility operation cost) 51 3.4 最適化目標函數與限制條件 52 3.4.1 DCMD目標函數與限制條件 52 3.4.2 AGMD目標函數與限制條件 53 3.5 最適化方法 54 3.6 最適化結果 55 3.6.1 DCMD最適化結果 55 3.6.2 AGMD最適化結果 68 3.7 不同型態最適化結果比較 77 第四章、控制系統 83 4.1 靈敏度分析 83 4.1.1 DCMD靈敏度 84 4.1.1.1 海水流量 84 4.1.1.2 集熱器循環流量 84 4.1.1.3 儲熱槽進口流量 87 4.1.2 AGMD靈敏度 88 4.1.2.1 海水流量 88 4.1.2.2 集熱器循環流量 88 4.1.2.3 儲熱槽進口流量 91 4.2 控制架構 (Control structure) 91 4.2.1 DCMD控制架構 91 4.2.1.1 控制器參數之設定與求解 97 4.2.1.2 控制結果 100 4.2.2 AGMD控制架構 102 4.2.2.1 控制器參數之設定與求解 106 4.2.2.2 控制結果 106 4.3 流體溫度設計分析 108 4.3.1 DCMD系統與成本及可操作性相互關係 108 4.3.2 AGMD系統與成本及可操作性相互關係 109 4.3.3 DCMD/AGMD可操作分析比較結果 111 4.4 DCMD控制策略1 112 4.4.1 控制結果 112 4.5 AGMD控制策略1 115 4.5.1 控制結果 115 4.6 DCMD系統性能 117 4.6.1 四季動態結果比較 117 4.6.2 晴天與多雲動態結果比較 117 4.7 AGMD系統性能 120 4.7.1四季動態結果比較 120 4.7.2晴天與多雲動態結果比較 120 4.8 DCMD/AGMD動態結果比較 123 第五章、結論 124 符號說明 126 參考文獻 132 附錄A 太陽能集熱器成本 137 附錄B 薄膜成本 138 圖目錄 圖1.1、海水淡化技術 2 圖1.2、海水淡化成本比較 4 圖1.3、薄膜蒸餾模組配置 6 圖1.4、太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統流程 8 圖1.5、設計、操作、控制三大環路圖 11 圖1.6、研究架構圖 13 圖2.1、太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統流程圖(DCMD) 15 圖2.2、太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統流程圖(AGMD) 17 圖2.3、太陽能集熱器結構示意圖 19 圖2.4、儲熱槽結構示意圖 21 圖2.5、熱交換器結構示意圖 23 圖2.6、直接接觸式薄膜結構示意圖 25 圖2.7、DCMD模式驗證冷熱物流進料溫差與質傳通量之影響 31 圖2.8、氣隔式薄膜結構示意圖 33 圖3.1、變數與成本相互關係 45 圖3.2、電加熱器成本 50 圖3.3、序列二次規劃可行路徑最適化法 55 圖3.4、最適化結果之各物流流量、溫度及設備大小與日照量關係(DCMD) 59 圖3.5、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與日照量關係(DCMD) 60 圖3.6、薄膜兩側冷熱物流溫差(DCMD) 61 圖3.7、夏至日照量分佈曲線 61 圖3.8、總蒸餾量與日照量關係(DCMD) 62 圖3.9、每公斤產水價錢與日照量關係(DCMD) 62 圖3.10、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與海水流量關係(DCMD) 63 圖3.11、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與集熱器循環流量關係(DCMD) 64 圖3.12、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與薄膜回流量關係(DCMD) 65 圖3.13、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與太陽能集熱器面積關係(DCMD) 66 圖3.14、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與薄膜面積關係(DCMD) 67 圖3.15、最適化結果之各物流流量、溫度及設備大小與日照量關係(AGMD) 69 圖3.16、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與日照量關係(AGMD) 70 圖3.17、薄膜兩側冷熱物流溫差(AGMD) 71 圖3.18、總蒸餾量與日照量關係(AGMD) 71 圖3.19、每公斤產水價錢與日照量關係(AGMD) 72 圖3.20、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與海水流量關係(AGMD) 73 圖3.21、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與集熱器循環流量關係(AGMD) 74 圖3.22、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與太陽能集熱器面積關係(AGMD) 75 圖3.23、最適化結果之設備成本及操作成本與薄膜面積關係(AGMD) 76 圖3.24、DCMD模組架構圖 (A)單一模組 (B)並聯模組 78 圖3.25、AGMD模組架構圖 (A)單一模組 (B)並聯模組 79 圖3.26、太陽能驅動薄膜海水淡化最適化結果(DCMD) 81 圖3.27、太陽能驅動薄膜海水淡化最適化結果(AGMD) 82 圖3.28、DCMD與AGMD主要成本相互關係比較 82 圖4.1、各物流流量、溫度、產能與海水流量關係圖(DCMD) 85 圖4.2、各物流流量、溫度、產能與循環流量關係圖(DCMD) 86 圖4.4、各物流流量、溫度、產能與海水流量關係圖(AGMD) 89 圖4.5、各物流流量、溫度、產能與循環流量關係圖(AGMD) 90 圖4.6、熱交換器進口溫度(T11)與儲熱槽流量關係圖(AGMD) 91 圖4.7、控制架構流程圖(DCMD) 94 圖4.8、OP閥開度調控變數幅度 98 圖4.9、TC1控制參數調諧 99 圖4.10、控制結果(DCMD) 101 圖4.11、控制架構流程圖(AGMD) 103 圖4.12、TC1控制參數調諧 106 圖4.13、控制結果(AGMD) 107 圖4.14、薄膜、熱交換器、集熱器成本與集熱器出口溫度關係(DCMD) 109 圖4.15、成本和最大可操作溫度與集熱器出口溫度關係(DCMD) 109 圖4.16、薄膜、熱交換器、集熱器成本與集熱器出口溫度關係(AGMD) 110 圖4.17、成本和最大可操作溫度與集熱器出口溫度關係(AGMD) 111 圖4.18、DCMD/AGMD之循環流量、集熱器進出口溫差與集熱器出口溫度比較圖 112 圖4.19、TC1控制參數調諧 113 圖4.20、控制策略1結果(DCMD) 114 圖4.21、TC1控制參數調諧 115 圖4.22、控制策略1結果(AGMD) 116 圖4.23、四季控制結果(DCMD) 118 圖4.24、晴天與多雲控制結果(DCMD) 119 圖4.25、四季控制結果(AGMD) 121 圖4.26、晴天與多雲控制結果(AGMD) 122 圖4.27、DCMD/AGMD動態結果比較 123 表目錄 表1.1、全球水資源蘊含量分佈情況 2 表2.1、太陽能集熱器物理參數設定 20 表2.2、儲熱槽物理參數設定 22 表2.3、熱交換器物理參數設定 24 表2.4、直接接觸式薄膜設備尺寸與參數設定彙整表 29 表2.5、DCMD模式驗證模組之設備尺寸 30 表2.6、DCMD模式驗證模組之薄膜資料 30 表2.7、DCMD模式驗證模組之操作條件 31 表2.8、氣隔式薄膜設備尺寸與參數設定彙整表 38 表3.1、太陽能驅動海水淡化系統DCMD/AGMD變數數目彙整表 41 表3.2、太陽能驅動海水淡化系統DCMD/AGMD方程式數目彙整表 42 表3.3、DCMD/AGMD之設計自由度變數與各變化之操作限制 44 表3.4、熱交換器操作範圍與成本計算方程式彙整表 47 表3.5、離心式泵操作範圍與成本計算方程式彙整表 48 表3.6、最適化結果DCMD/AGMD之設備尺寸 81 表4.1、控制系統控制配對表之一(DCMD) 95 表4.2、控制系統控制配對表之二(DCMD) 96 表4.3、DCMD與AGMD控制器參數設定彙整表 99 表4.4、控制系統控制配對表之一 (AGMD) 104 表4.5、控制系統控制配對表之二 (AGMD) 105 表4.6、DCMD與AGMD控制策略1之控制器參數設定彙整表 113 |
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