軸流式血泵(Axial Blood Pump)為目前淡江大學發展之左心室輔助器(LVAD)所採用的驅動機構。本研究係採用實驗之方式量測現有軸流式血泵之性能曲線(performance curve)與沿著此輔助器之靜態邊壁壓力分佈(static wall pressure distribution)。實驗結果發現此血泵在7000 rpm之轉速下，可提供100 mmHg之壓力提升與5 L/min之流量，與設計點的需求相符合。並利用流場可視化(flow visualization)之方法對血泵之上下游端做一個定性的觀測，在設計點與離點設計之狀況下在入流定子上游端之管壁附近發現環型區域之迴流流場，並在出流定子葉片尾端區域發現小區域之迴流流場。最後再利用二分量雷射都卜勒測速儀(Laser Doppler Velocimetry)對血泵上下游端之測試斷面做流體速度分佈與紊流強度(turbulence intensity)之初步分析。

An axial blood pump is a driving mechanism of Left Ventricular Assist Device(LVAD) developed by TKU. The performance curves and the static wall pressure distributions of the axial blood pump are measured in in-vitro experiments. The results show that, at 7000 rpm, the axial blood pump can provide 100 mmHg pressure rise and 5 L/min flowrate which matching the design point. The flow fields of the upstream and downstream of the blood pump are qualitively analyzed by using the method of flow visualization. At design and off-design conditions, an annular region of reverse flow was commonly observed near the housing wall before the inlet stator. A small recirculation cell was observed behind the outlet stator tail region at design condition. We also utilized Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) to measure the fluid velocities and turbulent intensities at the cross-sections of the upstream and downstream of the pump.

中文摘要  Ⅰ
英文摘要  Ⅱ
謝誌      Ⅲ
目錄	IV
圖目錄	VII
表目錄	XII
第一章   序論	1
1-1  研究背景	1
1-2  研究目的	2
1-3  研究方法	3
1-4  論文架構	5
第二章  文獻回顧	8
2-1  心室輔助器的設計回顧與比較	8
2-1-1  第一代血泵	8
2-1-1-1  Thoratec VAD	9
2-1-1-2  HeartMate IP LVAS	9
2-1-1-3  Novacor LVAD	10
2-1-1-4  HeartSaver	11
2-1-1-5  LionHeart LVAD	11
2-1-2  第二代血泵	12
2-1-2-1  MicroMed DeBakey VAD	13
2-1-2-2  Jarvik 2000 VAD	14
2-1-2-3  HeartMate Ⅱ LVAS	14
2-1-3  第三代血泵	15
2-1-3-1  Terumo VAD	16
2-1-3-2  HeartQuest	17
2-1-3-3  Streamliner	17
2-1-3-4  VentrAssist	18
2-1-3-5  Berlin INCOR I	19
2-2  軸流泵浦實體設計	20
2-3  心室輔助器之流場可視化	27
第三章   軸流式血泵之體外測試	29
3-1  簡介	29
3-1-1  現有的葉片原型	29
3-1-2  實驗設備與量測	31
3-1-2-1  量測設備	33
3-1-2-2  資料擷取系統	37
3-2  體外性能測試	37
3-2-1  性能曲線	37
3-2-1-1  測試方法	38
3-2-1-2  結果與討論	39
3-2-2  探討沿著輔助器之靜態邊壁壓力	46
3-2-2-1  測試方法	46
3-2-2-2  結果與討論	48
3-2-3  流場可視化	54
3-2-3-1  測試方法	54
3-2-3-2  結果與討論	58
3-2-4  流場速度量測	69
3-2-4-1  測試方法	70
3-2-4-2  結果與討論	73
第四章   結論與建議	78
4-1  結論	78
4-2  建議	80
參考文獻	82
附錄     87


圖目錄
圖1- 1  台大一號心室輔助器	7
圖1- 2  鳳凰七號人工心臟	7
圖2- 1  Thoratec Pneumatic VAD System……………………………...	9
圖2- 2  HeartMate IP LVAS	10
圖2- 3  Novacor LVAD	11
圖2- 4  HeartSaver LVAD	11
圖2- 5  LionHeart LVAD	12
圖2- 6  Micromed DeBakey VAD	13
圖2- 7  Jarvik 2000 LVAD	14
圖2- 8  HeartMate Ⅱ LVAS	15
圖2- 9  Terumo LVAD	16
圖2- 10  HeartQuest LVAD	17
圖2- 11  Streamliner	18
圖2- 12  VentrAssist LVAD	19
圖2- 13  Berlin INCOR ⅠLVAD	19
圖2- 14  轉子外型和名稱	23
圖2- 15  水平傾斜角	23
圖2- 16  垂直傾斜角	24
圖2- 17  弓角示意圖	24
圖2- 18  攻錯角示意圖	25
圖2- 19  入口角與出口角	25
圖2- 20  攻角示意圖	26
圖2- 21  空乏角	26
圖2- 22  流場可視化技術搭配計算流體力學模擬	28
圖2- 23  油點軌跡法	28
圖3- 1  泵浦幾何外型(左)與3D幾何視圖(右)	……………………29
圖3- 2  測試平台示意圖	32
圖3- 3  測試平台	32
圖3- 4  壓力轉換器(左)、壓力放大器(右)	36
圖3- 5  超聲波流量計(左)、雷射都卜勒流速儀(右)	36
圖3- 6  無刷直流馬達(左)、馬達控製器(右)	36
圖3- 7  測試段壓克力塊(左)、葉片(右)	36
圖3- 8  Hydrodynamic characteristic of the axial blood pump	40
圖3- 9  Pressure coefficient versus Flow coefficient for blood pump	44
圖3- 10  Power coefficient versus Flow coefficient for blood pump	44
圖3- 11  Specific speed versus Specific diameter for blood pump	45
圖3- 12  Cordier高效能流體機械 與 關係圖[42]	45
圖3- 13  延著輔助器之壓力量測孔位置圖(軸向距離單位: mm)	47
圖3- 14  軸流式血泵之軸向壓力分佈(操作狀況: 轉速7000 rpm、 流量4 ~ 6 L/min)	50
圖3- 15  軸流式血泵之軸向壓力分佈(操作狀況: 轉速8000 rpm、 流量4 ~ 6 L/min)	50
圖3- 16  軸流式血泵之軸向壓力分佈(操作狀況: 轉速9000 rpm、 流量4 ~ 6 L/min)	51
圖3- 17  血泵流場可視化示意圖	54
圖3- 18  操作點示意圖	56
圖3- 19  雷射光切平面位置圖	57
圖3- 20  血泵流場觀測之可視化設備圖	57
圖3- 21  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:12 L/min)	61
圖3- 22  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:11 L/min)	61
圖3- 23  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:10 L/min)	62
圖3- 24  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:9 L/min)	62
圖3- 25  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:8 L/min)	63
圖3- 26  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:7 L/min)	63
圖3- 27  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:6 L/min)	64
圖3- 28  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:5 L/min)	64
圖3- 29  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:4 L/min)	65
圖3- 30  入流定子上游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:3 L/min)	65
圖3- 31  出流定子下游端之流場圖(轉速:7000 rpm、流量:5 L/min)	66
圖3- 32  出流定子下游端之局部流場放大圖	66
圖3- 33  轉速7000rpm、流量12 L/min 以上時之流場示意圖	67
圖3- 34  轉速7000rpm、流量5~11 L/min 時之流場示意圖	67
圖3- 35  轉速7000rpm、流量3~4 L/min 時之流場示意圖	67
圖3- 36  轉速7000rpm、流量5 L/min 時之流場示意圖	68
圖3- 37  量測體示意圖	72
圖3- 38  雷射量測剖面位置圖(a)上視圖;(b)正視圖	72
圖3- 39  入流斷面之速度分佈圖	75
圖3- 40  出流斷面之速度分佈圖	75
圖3- 41  入流斷面之亂流強度分佈圖	76
圖3- 42  入流斷面邊壁點之軸向速度訊號	76
圖3- 43  入流斷面中心點之徑向速度訊號	77





表目錄
表1- 1  2003 年台灣地區民眾十大死因表 (行政院衛生署，2003)	6
表2- 1  心室輔助器分類表	……………………………………………8
表3- 1  設計參數……………………………………………………...30
表3- 2  無因次化參數之單位與對應常數	43
表3- 3  轉速7000 rpm下之inlet stator上游端負壓量測(點2)	52
表3- 4  轉速8000 rpm下之inlet stator上游端負壓量測(點2)	52
表3- 5  轉速9000 rpm下之inlet stator上游端負壓量測(點2)	52
表3- 6  轉速7000 rpm下各元件之壓力提升與上下游端之壓力差	53
表3- 7  轉速8000 rpm下各元件之壓力提升與上下游端之壓力差	53
表3- 8  轉速9000 rpm下各元件之壓力提升與上下游端之壓力差	53
表3- 9  入流斷面邊壁點與中心點之速度訊號	77

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