團體存在於日常生活的網絡或組織當中，團體符合了社會網絡的三個組成要素：行為者、關係以及連結；傳統社會網絡分析的方式，必頇透過問卷或是訪談等資料蒐集的方式，取得行為者間的關係與連結，藉此建構出社會網絡。過去已有許多研究針對社會網絡的形成進行探討，但皆以行為者間的關係與連結進行社會網絡的建構；本研究詴圖突破過去以行為者的關係與連結建構社會網絡的模式，設計透過個人基本資料自動化預先建構社會網絡的方法，並針對預先建構的社會網絡進行行為者中心性的分析。本研究的主要目的為：(1)在團體形成前預先自動化建構出社會網絡；(2)針對預先建構的社會網絡進行分析，找出團體中的關鍵人物；(3)以自我組織映射之非監督式分群法(SOM)為網絡分析之基礎。本研究所採用的研究對象，為淡江大學企管系大學部一到四年級的A班學生；以自動化的流程建構出網絡後，針對預先建構的網絡與實際網絡中，程度中心性、中介中心性以及接近中心性三類型的關鍵人物進行對照，檢測預先建構的網絡的準確度評估。結果顯示，其中以中介中心性在實際網絡中的相符程度最高，四個年級中介中心性的帄均準確度為89%；其次為程度中心性，四個年級程度中心性的帄均準確度為73%，且程度中心性的準確度在四個年級中的起伏程度最小，最不受到不同年級的影響；接近中心性的準確度是最低的，四個年級的接近中心性帄均準確度為70%，在四個年級的起伏程度是最大的，受到不同的四個年級的影響最大；影響預先建構的網絡與實際網絡間準確度的原因，本研究主要歸納為三項中心性本身所觀察的角度，以及以第三者判定一行為者中心性的難易程度；實際生活中外在環境的影響；以及網絡在團體發展階段中所處的階段。本研究主要貢獻在於提出以SOM分群法為基礎的社
會網絡自動建構流程，在網絡形成前預先建構出網絡，並針對預先建構出的網絡進行三項中心性的分析，提供給管理者一個對於團體形成前以及未來發展，一個有效管理的參考模式。

Social networks exist in our daily life in the organizations. There are three elements of social network: actors, ties (linkages) and relationships. The traditional of data collection in social network analysis uses questionnaires or interview to construct the social networks by discovering the linkages and relationships among the actors. The existing researches discussed the formation of social networks; however, they are all based on the existed linkages and relationships. This research proposes a novel way to construct social network which is merely based on personal information. Next, we conduct social network analysis via the pre-constructed social network. The purposes of this paper are: (1) pre-constructing the social network automatically before the group formation, (2). conducting the social network analysis based on the pre-constructed social network and identifying the key persons of the social network, and (3) clustering data into groups automatically based on self-organization maps (SOM). This research sampled four classes from first year to fourth year from the department of business administration of Tamkang University in Taiwan. After the pre-construction of social networks, verify key persons via three indicators (degree centrality, betweeness centrality and closeness centrality) between pre-constructed and real social networks. In addition, this work evaluates the accuracy in terms of three centralities. The result shows that the accuracy of betweenness centrality is the highest (89%). The second highest accuracy is degree centrality (73%). Furthermore, the difference of accuracy among four classes is insignificant. The accuracy of closeness centrality is the lowest (70%). Moreover, the difference of accuracy among four classes is significant. In summary, this research proposes an innovative approach which can automatically pre-construct the social network for an unknown group and verify key persons. The proposed method not only provides a different way to construct the social network but also assist managers preview the network and identify key persons proactively.

目錄
目錄............................................................................................................. I
表次.......................................................................................................... III
圖次............................................................................................................ V
第一章 緒論 .............................................................................................. 1
第一節 研究背景.................................................................................................. 1
第二節 研究動機.................................................................................................. 3
第三節 研究問題與目的...................................................................................... 6
第二章 文獻探討 .................................................................................... 10
第一節 資料分群法(Data Clustering) ................................................................ 10
第二節 社會網絡理論(Social Network Theory) ............................................... 16
第三節 社會網絡分析(Social Network Analysis) ............................................. 24
第三章 研究方法 .................................................................................... 32
第一節 研究架構................................................................................................ 32
第二節 自我組織映射(Self-Organization Maps, SOM) .................................... 36
第三節 社會網絡分析(Social Network Analysis, SNA) ................................... 40
第四章 資料分析 .................................................................................... 44
第一節 資料來源................................................................................................ 44
第二節 資料敘述................................................................................................ 44
第三節 編碼方式................................................................................................ 47
第四節 SOM分群設定 ...................................................................................... 48
第五節 社會網絡建構........................................................................................ 49
第六節 一年級之社會網絡................................................................................ 50
第七節 二年級之社會網絡................................................................................ 57
第八節 三年級之社會網絡................................................................................ 64
第九節 四年級之社會網絡................................................................................ 71
第五章 綜合分析 .................................................................................... 78
第一節 準確度指標............................................................................................ 78
II
第二節 一年級訪談............................................................................................ 80
第三節 二年級訪談............................................................................................ 85
第四節 三年級訪談............................................................................................ 90
第五節 四年級訪談............................................................................................ 94
第六節 綜合比較分析...................................................................................... 100
第六章 結論 .......................................................................................... 106
第一節 研究結論.............................................................................................. 106
第二節 管理與實務意涵.................................................................................. 109
第三節 研究限制.............................................................................................. 111
參考文獻 ................................................................................................ 113
附錄......................................................................................................... 117

表次 

表2-1 各學者對於分群法研究的比較 ..................................................................... 14 
表2-2 社會網絡理論來源之領域與比較 ................................................................. 17 
表2-3 社會網絡理論特性與概念 ............................................................................. 20 
表2-4 各學者對於社會網絡理論研究之比較 ......................................................... 22 
表2-5 蒐集社會網絡分析資料之方法與比較 ......................................................... 27 
表2-6 中心性綜合概念 ............................................................................................. 28 
表2-7 各學者對社會網絡分析研究之比較 ............................................................. 30 
表4-1 編碼方式 ......................................................................................................... 47 
表4-6 一年級全班中心性最高與最低者 ................................................................. 55 
表4-7 一年級集群A中心性最高與最低者 ............................................................ 56 
表4-8 一年級集群B中心性最高與最低者............................................................. 56 
表4-9 一年級集群C中心性最高與最低者............................................................. 56 
表4-10 一年級集群D中心性最高與最低者 .......................................................... 56 
表4-15 二年級全班中心性最高與最低者 ............................................................... 63 
表4-16 二年級群集A中心性最高與最低者 .......................................................... 63 
表4-17 二年級群集B中心性最高與最低者........................................................... 63 
表4-18 二年級群集C中心性最高與最低者........................................................... 63 
表4-19 二年級群集D中心性最高與最低者 .......................................................... 64 
表4-24 三年級全班中心性最高與最低者 ............................................................... 70 
表4-25 三年級群集A中心性最高與最低者 .......................................................... 70 
表4-26 三年級群集B中心性最高與最低者........................................................... 70 
表4-27 三年級群集C中心性最高與最低者........................................................... 70 
表4-32 四年級全班中心性最高與最低者 ............................................................... 76 
表4-33 四年級集群A中心性最高與最低者 .......................................................... 77 
表4-34 四年級集群B中心性最高與最低者........................................................... 77 
表4-35 四年級集群C中心性最高與最低者........................................................... 77 
表4-36 四年級集群D中心性最高與最低者 .......................................................... 77 
表5-1 一年級程度中心性對照 ................................................................................. 81 
表5-2 一年級中介中心性對照 ................................................................................. 82 
表5-3 一年級接近中心性對照 ................................................................................. 83 
表5-4 二年級程度中心性對照 ................................................................................. 85 
表5-5 二年級中介中心性對照 ................................................................................. 87 
表5-6 二年級接近中心性對照 ................................................................................. 88 
表5-7 三年級程度中心性對照 ................................................................................. 90 
表5-8 三年級中介中心性對照 ................................................................................. 92 
表5-9 三年級接近中心性對照 ................................................................................. 93 

表5-10 四年級程度中心性對照 ............................................................................... 95 
表5-11 四年級中介中心性對照 ............................................................................... 96 
表5-12 四年級接近中心性對照 ............................................................................... 98 
表4-2 一年級SOM分群結果................................................................................. 117 
表4-3 一年級程度中心性 ....................................................................................... 118 
表4-4 一年級中介中心性 ....................................................................................... 120 
表4-5 一年級接近中心性 ....................................................................................... 122 
表4-11 二年級SOM分群結果 ............................................................................... 124 
表4-12 二年級程度中心性 ..................................................................................... 125 
表4-13 二年級中介中心性 ..................................................................................... 127 
表4-14 二年級接近中心性 ..................................................................................... 129 
表4-20 三年級SOM分群結果............................................................................... 131 
表4-21 三年級程度中心性 ..................................................................................... 132 
表4-22 三年級中介中心性 ..................................................................................... 134 
表4-23 三年級接近中心性 ..................................................................................... 136 
表4-28 四年級SOM分群結果............................................................................... 138 
表4-29 四年級程度中心性 ..................................................................................... 139 
表4-30 四年級中介中心性 ..................................................................................... 141 
表4-31 四年級接近中心性 ..................................................................................... 143 


圖次 

圖1-1組織階層圖與關係網絡圖 ................................................................................ 4 
圖2-1 以二維呈現分群結果 ..................................................................................... 10 
圖2-3 傳統分群機制 ................................................................................................. 12 
圖2-4 非監督學習的分群機制 ................................................................................. 12 
圖2-5 利用圖形呈現社會網絡關係 ......................................................................... 25 
圖2-6 利用矩陣呈現社會網絡關係 ......................................................................... 26 
圖3-1 社會網絡中次群體範例 ................................................................................. 33 
圖3-2 實驗步驟 ......................................................................................................... 35 
圖3-4 SOM神經元學習調整示意圖......................................................................... 39 
圖3-5 SOM分群結果................................................................................................. 39 
圖3-6 社會網絡分析中心性範例圖 ......................................................................... 43 
圖4-1 一年級學生資料分布 ..................................................................................... 45 
圖4-2 二年級學生資料分布 ..................................................................................... 46 
圖4-3 三年級學生資料分布 ..................................................................................... 46 
圖4-4 四年級學生資料分布 ..................................................................................... 46 
圖4-5 一年級SOM映射圖....................................................................................... 50 
圖4-6 一年級全班社會網絡圖 ................................................................................. 51 
圖4-7 一年級四個群集個別網絡圖 ......................................................................... 52 
圖4-8 二年級SOM映射........................................................................................... 57 
圖4-10 二年級群集A與群集B社會網絡圖 .......................................................... 58 
圖4-9 二年級全班社會網絡圖 ................................................................................. 58 
圖4-11 二年級群集C社會網絡圖 ........................................................................... 59 
圖4-12 二年級群集D社會網絡圖 .......................................................................... 59 
圖4-13 三年級SOM映射圖..................................................................................... 64 
圖4-14 三年級全班社會網絡圖 ............................................................................... 65 
圖4-15 三年級群集B社會網絡圖........................................................................... 66 
圖4-16 三年級群集C社會網絡圖........................................................................... 66 
圖4-17 四年級SOM映射圖..................................................................................... 71 
圖4-18 四年級全班社會網絡圖 ............................................................................... 72 
圖4-19 四年級群集B社會網絡圖........................................................................... 72 
圖4-20 四年級群集C社會網絡圖........................................................................... 73 
圖4-21 四年級群集D社會網絡圖 .......................................................................... 73 
圖5-1 準確性評估標準 ............................................................................................. 79 
圖5-2 四個年級三項中心性準確度綜合比較 ....................................................... 100 
圖5-3 四個年級中介中心性準確度走向 ............................................................... 101 
圖5-4 四個年級程度中心性準確度走向 ............................................................... 102 
圖5-5 四個年級接近中心性準確度走向 ............................................................... 103 
圖5-6 各年級三項中心性準確度…………………………………………………104

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