隨著語意網的興起與應用，近年來圖書資訊界已有許多個案嘗試導入鏈結資料（Linked Data, LD）技術，如何將既有書目資料LD化則是既新且複雜的議題。現有個案係依每一圖書館的環境需求與條件，而有不同的LD轉換策略，尚未有一致的標準規範或流程。截至目前為止，未有任何研究深入探討圖書資訊界有關LD的轉變方式及其作業流程。因此本研究主要目的是以八筆「書目紀錄」為研究樣本並採用使用個案法，探討LD的不同資訊組織作業流程，以提出適合圖資界的LD相關流程與作業，亦提供相關建議及館員知能，減少日後作業上的困難。
研究結果顯示將書目紀錄LD化的作業流程可分為有兩大類：
（一）既有書目紀錄轉變成LD有兩種方法，第一種是透過「MarcEdit─BIBFRAME TestBed」，作業流程分為「識別、清理資料、豐富、確認、命名、建模（選擇既有的知識本體）、重複使用詞彙及轉換」八個步驟，第二種則是「MarcEdit及OpenRefine並用」，作業流程稍為複雜，共有14個步驟，分別是「識別、清理資料、豐富、確認、轉換檔案格式、識別、清理資料、調和、確認、URI予以獨立、命名、建模（選擇既有的知識本體）、重複使用詞彙及轉換」。兩種作業流程皆符合LD的標準，若欲快速且由工具自動將記錄轉變為LD，可參考第一種作業流程；若由人工進行辨識及對照使用詞彙，以轉變紀錄為LD形式，則可參考第二種作業流程，雖然作業流程較繁瑣且耗時，但彈性相對較高。
（二）在LD環境下，以BIBFRAME編輯平臺為LD編目，可分為原始和抄錄編目兩種，前者的作業流程包括「建模（選擇既有的知識本體）、識別、命名、重複使用詞彙、調和與豐富、加入書目關係與轉換及視覺化」七個步驟；後者則是「建模（選擇既有的知識本體）、識別、清理資料、重複使用詞彙、調和/豐富、加入書目關係與轉換及視覺化」七個步驟。
此外，在相關注意事項及館員知能方面，編目館員需注意的內容包括熟悉MARC21和BIBFRAME及其相關的編目規則與檔案格式、確認加入資料中URIs的正確性、熟悉各工具之使用方式與了解各種RDF序列化格式等。
根據研究結果提出之建議包括：編目館員應注意編目資料著錄的正確性、後續研究可探討加入發布後之完整編目作業流程、圖書館機構應制定書目紀錄LD化的作業流程、加強編目館員的教育訓練、建置在LD環境下的中文編目平臺及圖書館應建置完整的權威LD資料庫。

With the growth of the Semantic Web and its applications, linked data (LD) applications have emerged in library and information science (LIS), but the transformation of legacy bibliographic data into LD is a new and complex problem. Different LD transformation strategies have been used according to the needs and conditions of each library, and no consistent standard or workflow has been established. Currently, no study has explored LD transformation strategies or workflows in LIS. Therefore, this study mainly used eight bibliographic records as research subjects and employed “use cases” as methodology to investigate information organization workflows for LD that are suitable for LIS and provide suggestions for cataloging and librarian’s competency to reduce the difficulty of future operations.
The results revealed that the transformation of bibliographic records for LD can be divided into two categories.
(1).Legacy bibliographic records can be transformed into LD by using two approaches. The first one is through MarcEdit-BIBFRAME TestBed. The operation process has eight steps as follow: identification, data cleaning, enrichment, verification, naming, modeling (existing ontology selection), vocabularies reuse, and conversion. The second one is the combined MarcEdit and OpenRefine, which has a slightly more complicated workflow comprising 14 steps: identification, data cleaning, enrichment, verification, file format conversion, identification, data cleaning, reconciliation, verification, independent uniform resource identifier (URI), naming, modeling (existing ontology selection), vocabularies reuse, and conversion.
Both workflows has proved feasible to be compliant with LD standards. The former can be used to rapidly and automatically transform records into LD, whereas the latter can be used to manually identify and map vocabulary to transform records. Although the latter workflow is cumbersome and time intensive, it is relatively flexible.
(2).Cataloging with BIBFRAME Editor (BFE) in the LD environment can be used for LD original and copy cataloging. The workflow for original cataloging consist of seven steps: modeling (existing ontology selection), identification, naming, vocabularies reuse, reconciliation and enrichment, the addition of bibliographic relationships, and conversion and visualization. Copy cataloging is comprised by the seven steps of modeling (existing ontology selection), identification, data cleaning, vocabularies reuse, reconciliation and enrichment, the addition of bibliographic relationships, and conversion and visualization.
In terms of competency, cataloging librarians must understand MARC21, BIBFRAME, and their related cataloging rules and file formats; confirm the accuracy of added URIs; and understand various tools and Resource Description Framework (RDF) serialization formats.
Suggestions based on the findings of this study are as follows: 
(1).Cataloging librarians should focus on the accuracy of the descriptions of the cataloged material.
(2).Follow-up research can explore complete cataloging workflows with inclusion of LD publishing.
(3).Libraries should formulate the workflow for transforming bibliographic records into LD. 
(4).Education for LD cataloging librarians should be provided. 
(5).A Chinese cataloging platform should be established to fit for the LD environment.
(6).A complete and authoritative platform with URIs for individual Chinese LD is required.

目次
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 4
第三節 研究範圍與限制 5
第四節 名詞解釋 6
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 發布LD的作業流程規範 11
第二節 圖資界的LD發展概況 22
第三節 BIBFRAME的發展 27
第四節 LD之相關轉變工具 35
第五節 LD之評估方法 38
第三章 研究方法與設計 41
第一節 研究設計 41
第二節 研究步驟 49
第四章 研究結果與分析 51
第一節 各項資訊組織之作業流程及注意事項 51
第二節 LD資訊組織相關知能 86
第三節 作業流程之比較 94
第四節 評估作業流程之有效性 97
第五章 結論與建議 101
第一節 研究結論 101
第二節 研究建議 103
參考文獻 105
附錄一 Zaveri等（2012）提出的LD品質面向與指標 113
附錄二 研究樣本書目紀錄 119
附錄三 各項資訊組織作業之作業流程 129

表次
表 1 LINKED DATA LIFE CYCLE步驟說明 12
表 2 METHODOLOGICAL 14
表 3 BEST PRACTICES FOR PUBLISHING LINKED DATA步驟說明 15
表 4 LINKED DATA COOKBOOK步驟說明 17
表 5工作項目與流程比較表 20
表 6 九個案例之作業流程分析 25
表 7 LLD重複使用現有詞彙進行資料建模和外部鏈接 26
表 8 LD評估方法之比較表 40
表 9 各項工具之比較 44
表 10 作業流程與工具對照表 48
表 11 MARCEDIT─BIBFRAME TESTBED 作業流程說明 57
表 12 MARCEDIT及OPENREFINE作業流程說明 69
表 13 BFE─原始編目 作業流程說明 76
表 14 BFE─抄錄編目 作業流程說明 80
表 15 表5作業項目與四個作業流程之比較 85
表 16 圖書館編目館員知能與各作業流程對照表 91
表 17 作業流程之有效性評估表—1 99
表 18 作業流程之有效性評估表—2 99
表 19 作業流程之有效性評估表—3 100

圖次
圖 1 LINKED DATA LIFE CYCLE. 12
圖 2 出版政府資料LD的主要步驟 13
圖 3轉變作業流程概要 31
圖 4 原始編目的作業流程 32
圖 5 BIBFLOW 轉變過程概要 34
圖 6 研究架構圖 42
圖 7 研究樣本關係圖 47
圖 8 研究步驟圖 49
圖 9 MARCEDIT-BIBFRAME TESTBED作業流程─LINK IDENTIFIERS 操作介面 53
圖 10 MARCEDIT-BIBFRAME TESTBED作業流程─豐富化結果 54
圖 11 MARCEDIT-BIBFRAME TESTBED作業流程—BIBFRAME TESTBED操作介面 56
圖 12 MARCEDIT-BIBFRAME TESTBED作業流程─轉變為BIBFRAME 結果 56
圖 13 MARCEDIT─MARCEDITOR 修改分欄 59
圖 14 MARCEDIT-MARC TOOLS─轉換檔案格式 60
圖 15轉換檔案格式結果呈現 60
圖 16 OPENREFINE─清理資料 62
圖 17 OPENREFINE─清理資料結果 62
圖 18 OPENREFINE─調和 64
圖 19 OPENREFINE─URI予以獨立 65
圖 20 OPENREFINE─建模與命名 66
圖 21 OPENREFINE─重複使用詞彙過程 67
圖 22 OPENREFINE─重複使用詞彙（轉換與對照） 67
圖 23 BFE─原始編目─識別 71
圖 24 BFE─原始編目─重複使用詞彙：範例1 72
圖 25 BFE─原始編目─調和與豐富 73
圖 26 BFE─加入書目關係的相關欄位 74
圖 27 BFE─原始編目《那些年，我們一起追的女孩》（加入相關內容版本） 74
圖 28 BFE─抄錄編目─識別查詢 77
圖 29 BFE─抄錄編目─清理資料：範例1 78
圖 30 BFE─抄錄編目─豐富 79
圖 31 既有書目紀錄轉變作業流程 83
圖 32 LD環境下BFE編目作業流程 84

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