近年來油墨工業發展快速，於印刷生產過程中常會產生高色度和高COD的油墨廢水，其印刷油墨組成包含顏料、染料、連結料、輔助溶劑和添加劑。然而印刷油墨廢水處理方法很多，因應不同廢水特性有物理化學處理法、生物法等，實際水處理工程常常是多種方法結合，以便取得最佳的效果。
在本研究對此實廠印刷油墨廢水初步試驗中發現，無法單純以添加混凝劑之傳統方式去除污染物以達到放流水標準，故利用電聚法處理此研究廢水，操作參數包含調整進流水ORP值和pH值、後調出流水之pH值、改變電化學處理槽之體積、切換不同電壓或電流、甚至以二次進樣的方式處理廢水，以結合電化學法中電混凝、電膠凝、電解氧化方法之處理機制整合運用於電聚系統。此外更運用儀器分析方法，如：ICP、IC、GC-MS及SEM，藉以了解原廢水水質特性，並尋求廢水中污染物之最佳處理效果。
本實驗在適當處理條件下（1000 mL容量化學反應槽一次進樣、操作電壓100V左右、水力停留時間60秒以上、電極接法模式2），在不調整進流pH值（進流水pH值9.45）及出流pH值的狀況下，可有效將水樣中的大部分金屬離子去除95 %以上，廢水中之陰離子除了硫酸根之外去除率皆可達84%以上，另外COD去除率為95.7%、TOC去除率為92.4%。而當利用利用掃描式電子顯微鏡及能量分散光譜儀觀測其廢水經電聚法處理後之膠羽結構，與傳統混凝方法比較確實明顯不同。

Printing industries generate ink wastewater with high concentration of color and COD, which contains recalcitrant organics including pigment, dye, varnish oil, solvent, and additives. There are many ways dealing with printing wastewater, for example, physical-chemical treatment method, biological method. Actually, engineers often adopt the combination of many methods in order to acquire the best effect. 
From the result of preliminary study, chemical coagulation can’t satisfy the effluent standards, so the Electro-aggregation method was selected in this research. The parameters discussed include influent ORP and pH value, adjustment of effluent pH value etc. Furthermore, instrument analysis, for example ICP, IC, GC-MS and SEM, were applied to explore the details of the difference of organics in the wastewater, in order to find out the best conditions of the treatment process. 
The results showed that, optimum operating condition for electro-aggregation was used 1000 mL volume reactor , 60 sec HRT, the operation voltage is 100 V, and do not adjust the pH value of the influent and effluent. The removal efficiency of heavy metals was around 95%, COD was 95.7%, TOC was 92.4%, and anion was around 84%. When we used SEM/ EDX, we can find the difference between the flocs of Electro-aggregation and coagulation.

目 錄
目錄.................................................................................................Ⅰ
圖目錄.............................................................................................Ⅳ
表目錄.............................................................................................Ⅷ
第一章 緒論
1-1 研究緣起.........................................................................................1
1-2 研究目的.........................................................................................2
1-3 研究內容..........................................................................................3
第二章 文獻回顧
2-1 印刷油墨廢水之相關研究..............................................................4
2-1-1 印刷油墨廢水之特性.............................................................4
2-1-2 印刷油墨廢水中有機物去除之相關研究.............................6
2-1-3 重金屬去除之相關研究.........................................................8
2-2 電化學方法處理各種廢水之回顧.................................................11
2-2-1 電解氧化法之原理及應用...................................................13
2-2-2 電解膠凝法之原理及應用...................................................18
2-3 電聚法...........................................................................................26
2-3-1 電聚法之原理.......................................................................26
2-3-2 電聚法判斷聚、浮之依據...................................................31
2-3-3 電聚法之應用與實例...........................................................33
2-3-4 電聚浮除法的影響因素....................................................... 41
2-3-5 電聚浮除法與其它電化學方法之比較...............................45
第三章 研究方法與實驗設計
3-1 研究方法.......................................................................................47
3-2 實驗設計及步驟...........................................................................47
3-2-1 各項參數對去除廢水中之污染物之探討..............................47
3-2-2 系統中不同容量化學反應槽對去除廢水中污染物之影響.49
3-2-3 電聚法結合電化學處理方法處理廢水中污染物之研究......49
3-2-4 運用儀器分析了解並釐清電聚法與傳統混凝分法之異同.49
3-3 實驗設備、分析項目及方法........................................................56
3-3-1 研究設備..................................................................................56
3-3-2 實驗分析項目及方法..............................................................58
3-3-3 實驗藥品與試劑...................................................................... 60
3-4 實驗室之品質管制........................................................................62
3-4-1 玻璃吸量管之清洗..................................................................62
3-4-2 玻璃器皿之清洗......................................................................62
3-4-3 儀器之校正及注意事項..........................................................63
3-4-4 試藥配藥注意事項..................................................................64
第四章 結果與討論
4-1 操作條件對印刷油墨廢水色度去除之關係................................65
4-1-1 調整PH (400 ML EPN)............................................................66
4-1-2 不同容量EPN之測試............................................................67
II
4-1-3 總結..........................................................................................67
4-2 試比較傳統混凝與電聚法膠羽結構之異同................................74
4-2-1 不同容量電化學反應槽所得膠羽之觀測..............................74
4-2-2 傳統混凝方法所得膠羽之觀測..............................................80
4-2-3 以掃描式電子顯微鏡及能量分散光譜儀觀測傳統混凝與電聚法所得膠羽之定性分析............................................................82
4-3 電聚系統處理廢水之操作參數與 COD去除率之關係..........83
4-3-1 400ML容量化學反應槽操作參數與COD去除率之關係....83
4-3-2 1000ML容量化學反應槽操作參數與COD去除率之關係..87
4-3-3 最佳操作參數與COD去除率之關係...................................93
4-4以氯化鐵混凝處理廢水中COD之研究............................97
4-4-1瓶杯試驗流程..........................................................................97
4-4-2瓶杯試驗結果分析..................................................................99
4-5 運用儀器分析進一步了解廢水特性..........................................100
4-5-1 COD、BOD與TOC之關係.................................................100
4-5-2 電聚法操作參數與廢水中陰離子之關係............................102
4-5-3電聚法操作參數與廢水中重金屬之關係............................105
4-5-4電聚法處理廢水前後水中有機物之變化.............................112
第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論.............................................................................................125
5-2 建議.............................................................................................126
參考文獻.................................................................................…… 127

圖目錄
圖2-1 鐵隔板在電場中之電荷分佈示意圖.....................................27
圖2-2 粒子偶極化示意圖................................................................27
圖2-3 顆粒之聚合（自凝行為）示意圖.........................................28
圖2-4 膠羽碰撞成長圖...................................................................30
圖2-5 電聚法判斷膠羽聚的分類圖................................................32
圖2-6 電聚法判斷膠羽浮的分類圖................................................32
圖2-7 電聚浮除法影響因素............................................................41
圖3-1 改變pH對去除廢水中色度能力之探討實驗流程圖............50
圖3-2 不同容量電化學反應槽及進樣次數對廢水中色度去除能力之探討實驗流程圖................................................................51
圖3-3 各項參數對廢水中污染物去除能力之探討實驗流程圖.......52
圖3-4 以GC/MS定性分析經電聚系統之水質變化實驗流程圖.....53
圖3-5 以SEM及EDS觀察分析經電聚系統之膠羽變化實驗流程圖..............................................................................................54
圖3-6 以SEM及EDS觀察分析經氯化鐵混凝之膠羽變化實驗流程圖..........................................................................................55
圖3-7 電聚處理系統EPN-1000mL及400mL示意圖.....................56
圖4-1 400mL EPN進樣第一次後調pH及不調pH之情形與第二次後調pH之情形.....................................................................67
圖4-2 400mL EPN相同停留時間60秒，不同電壓下進流第二次之情形..........................................................................................68
圖4-3 1000mL EPN相同停留時間59.7秒，不同電壓下進流第一次之情形.......................................................................................68
圖4-4 400mL容量反應槽在電壓100V、停留時間60秒進樣第一次所得膠羽經SEM觀察結果......................................................75
圖4-5 400mL容量反應槽在電壓100V、停留時間60秒進樣第二次所得膠羽經SEM觀察結果......................................................77
圖4-6 1000mL容量反應槽在電壓100V、停留時間59.7秒進樣第一次所得膠羽經SEM觀察結果...............................................79
圖4-7 氯化鐵2500mg/L與水樣混凝(pH6.5) 所得膠羽經SEM觀察結果.......................................................................................81
圖4-8 小台EPN進樣第二次電壓與電流關係圖............................84
圖4-9 小台EPN進樣第二次出流水pH與操作電壓關係圖..........84
圖4-10小台EPN進樣第二次不同出流水pH下ORP與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................85
圖4-11小台EPN進樣第二次不同出流水pH下電導度與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................85
圖4-12小台EPN進樣第二次不同出流水pH下COD與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................86
圖4-13大台EPN進樣第一次電壓與電流關係圖............................88
圖4-14大台EPN進樣第一次出流水pH與操作電壓關係圖..........88
圖4-15大台EPN進樣第一次不同出流水pH下ORP與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................89
圖4-16大台EPN進樣第一次不同出流水pH下電導度與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................89
圖4-17大台EPN進樣第一次不同出流水pH下COD與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................89
圖4-18大台EPN進樣第二次電壓與電流關係圖............................90
圖4-19大台EPN進樣第二次出流水pH與操作電壓關係圖..........91
圖4-20大台EPN進樣第二次不同出流水pH下ORP與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................91
圖4-21大台EPN進樣第二次不同出流水pH下電導度與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................92
圖4-22大台EPN進樣第二次不同出流水pH下COD與操作電壓關係圖.......................................................................................92
圖4-23 瓶杯試驗流程.....................................................................98
圖4-24 大台EPN進樣第一次去除氟離子之結果........................103
圖4-25 大台EPN進樣第一次去除氯離子之結果........................103
圖4-26 大台EPN進樣第一次去除硝酸根離子之結果.................104
圖4-27 大台EPN進樣第一次去除硫酸根離子之結果.................104
圖4-28 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鋁之結果....................106
圖4-29 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鈣之結果....................106
圖4-30 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鐵之結果....................107
圖4-31 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鉀之結果....................107
圖4-32 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鎂之結果....................108
圖4-33 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中矽之結果....................108
圖4-34 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鉻之結果....................109
圖4-35 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中銅之結果....................109
圖4-36 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中錳之結果....................110
圖4-37 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鋅之結果....................110
圖4-38 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中氯鹽之結果.................111
圖4-39 大台EPN進樣第一次去除廢水中鈉之結果....................111
圖4-40 印刷油墨廢水進樣前後之圖譜......................................115
圖4-41印刷油墨廢水原水之圖譜……………………………………...116
圖4-42 印刷油墨廢水經大台EPN進樣一次出流水之圖譜.....117
圖4-43 原水所含物種A圖譜.....................................................118
圖4-44 原水所含物種B圖譜.....................................................119
圖4-45 原水所含物種C圖譜.....................................................120
圖4-46 原水所含物種D圖譜.....................................................121
圖4-47 經大台EPN進樣第一次後廢水中物種E之圖譜........122
圖4-48 經大台EPN進樣第一次後廢水中物種F之圖譜........123
圖4-49 經大台EPN進樣第一次後廢水中物種G之圖譜.......124

表目錄
表2-1 歷屆EPN研究論文整理.......................................................33
表2-2 歷屆論文研究EPN處理廢水最佳條件................................35
表2-3 歷屆論文研究EPN處理廢水最佳條件................................38
表2-4 電聚浮除法、電解膠凝法與電解氧化法之比較..................45
表4-1 原水水質特性分析................................................................65
表4-2 不同容量電化學反應槽之電壓與電場強度關係..................69
表4-3 不同容量電化學反應槽之電流與電流密度關係..................70
表4-4 陰離子界面活性劑分類........................................................71
表4-5 構成界面活性劑之主要原子團.............................................72
表4-6 以SEM/EDS觀測傳統混凝與電聚法所得膠羽之定性分析82
表4-7 瓶杯試驗操作參數與所得COD之關係...............................99
表4-8 大台EPN進樣第一次處理後TOC與COD之關係...........100

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