情境模擬法提供機會讓學生觀察與反思在真實情境中學習內容的應用情形，若進一步將學習內容的應用轉以待解決的問題形式來呈現，引導學生深入了解問題的定義、分析解決方案，將有助於提昇其學習層次。然而，真實世界的資訊是繁多且複雜，若於情境模擬教材中刻意省略很多資訊，將可能導致學習者無法順利將所學遷移至真實世界中，反之，當學習者對於情境模擬教材的學習內容沒有足夠的學習背景或知識時，此時若未將細節資訊予以省略，學習者將沒有判斷資訊正確性之能力而影響學習成效。本研究以日常飲食決策為主題，並以情境模擬為設計核心開發一套紙本情境模擬桌遊以及數位飲食回饋系統，引導受測者在桌遊歷程中進行選餐決策，並不斷反思餐點優劣以作為決策依據。期望藉此探討出對受試者培養問題決策能力之最佳教材設計方式，以作為未來設計情境模擬教材之參考。本研究採用準實驗不等組前後測研究法探究不同學習資訊複雜度對於受試者之飲食攝取自我效能與營養學知識之精熟度影響。本研究共邀請選修同一門教育科技相關科目的大學生(共計86位)參與實驗，並隨機分派其中兩個班級為單一資訊組，另兩個班級為複合資訊組。實驗共進行兩周，每周受試者以四人為小組共同進行情境模擬桌遊，受試者的飲食攝取自我效能與營養學知識於實驗前及實驗後以測驗及問卷的方式進行評估，再者於實驗結束後，研究者藉由問卷來收集受試者對於桌遊的滿意度以及心流經驗。研究結果顯示：
一、	受試者對於本研究所設計之情境模擬桌遊之滿意度與心流經驗皆達尚可程度，表示本研究之桌遊設計仍有改進空間。
二、	本研究所設計之情境模擬桌遊有助於提升受試者飲食攝取自我效能，然而在學習任務執行過程中呈現不同資訊量對於自我效能的改變並無顯著差異。
三、	本研究所設計之情境模擬桌遊以及對於學習者之營養學知識的提昇效果並未得到支持，而在學習任務執行過程中呈現不同資訊量對於營養學知識之提升也無顯著差異。

The purposes of this study are: (1) to design a serious board game simulating the daily eating decision-making and an e-feedback system to engage students in the iterative process of making decisions and reflecting their decisions by observing the impact of the decisions (2) to explore the impact of the board game on students’ self-efficacy of balanced diet and nutrition knowledge. A pre-and-posttest quasi-experimental research was conducted. Four classes of university students matriculated in educational technology program were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions (simplified-information group vs. complex-information group). Specifically, 46 subjects participated in the simplified information condition while 40 subjects in the complex information conditions.  The subjects’ self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge were assessed prior and after the intervention. During the two-week intervention, the subjects, working in a group of four, played the board game once per week. At the end of the study, the subjects’ satisfaction with the game and flow experience were collected via questionnaire. The results are as follow: (1) the subjects reported moderately satisfaction and flow experience, which indicates the board game design still has improved demand. (2) The pair t test result supports the positive impact of subjects’ self-efficacy on both experimental conditions; however, no statistically significant difference in the self-efficacy scores between the two conditions were supported in the ANCOVA results. (3) Neither the positive impact of subjects’ nutrition knowledge nor the differences of the nutrition knowledge between the two groups were supported.

第一章 緒論	1
第一節 研究背景與動機	1
第二節 研究目的與問題	4
第三節 研究範圍	5
第四節 名詞解釋	6
第二章  文獻探討	9
第一節 決策型的問題	9
第二節 情境模擬	14
第三節 桌上遊戲	19
第四節 自我效能	22
第三章  研究方法	24
第一節 研究架構	24
第二節 研究設計	26
第三節 研究對象	27
第四節 情境模擬桌遊	27
第五節 我的飲食我做主桌遊介紹	37
第六節 實驗流程設計	42
第七節 研究流程	42
第八節 研究工具	44
第九節 資料處理	53
第四章 結果與討論	54
第一節 桌遊滿意度研究結果	54
第二節 飲食攝取自我效能研究結果	56
第三節 營養學知識測驗研究結果	62
第四節 綜合討論	68
第五章  結論與建議	72
第一節 研究結論	72
第二節 研究貢獻	75
第三節 研究限制	76
第四節 研究建議	77
參考文獻	79
附錄一、飲食攝取自我效能問卷信效度結果	88
附錄二、營養學知識前測卷各題難易度與鑑別度	89
附錄三、營養學知識後測卷各題難易度與鑑別度	92
附錄四、遊戲滿意度問卷各題信效度結果	95
附錄五、研究資料使用同意書	96
表目錄
表2-2-1 模擬的分類	15
表3-2-1 研究設計	26
表3-3-1 研究樣本組別與人數	27
表3-8-1 飲食攝取自我效能量表之信效度	46
表3-8-2 營養學知識前測卷之雙向細目表	48
表3-7-3 營養學知識後測卷之雙向細目表	48
表3-8-4 營養知識前測卷之各學習主題難易度與鑑別度	49
表3-8-5 營養知識後測卷之各題難易度與鑑別度	49
表3-8-6 桌遊滿意度問卷第一部分「遊戲滿意度」之信效度分析結果	52
表3-8-7 桌遊滿意度問卷第二部分「心流經驗」之信效度分析結果	52
表4-1-1 兩組實驗組對於桌遊滿意度第一部分「遊戲滿意度」之描述性統計
    結果	55
表4-1-2 兩組實驗組在第一部分「遊戲滿意度」之四個面向描述性統計結果	55
表4-1-3 兩組實驗組對於心流經驗之描述性統計分析結果	56
表4-2-1 「單一資訊組」飲食攝取自我效能之各項度前後測統計摘要(N=46)	57
表4-2-2 「單一資訊組」飲食攝取自我效能之各向度前後測成對樣本T檢定
    摘要表(N=46)	57
表4-2-3 「複合資訊組」飲食攝取自我效能之各項度前後測統計摘要(N=40)	58
表4-2-4 「複合資訊組」飲食攝取自我效能之各向度前後測成對樣本T檢定
　　摘要表(N=40)	59
表4-2-5 自我效能量表總分共變數分析	60
表4-2-6 自我效能量表之三向度同質性考驗結果	60
表4-2-7 自我效能量表「向度一：均衡健康飲食行為」之共變數分析	61
表4-2-8 自我效能量表「向度二：健康飲食行為技巧」之共變數分析	61
表4-2-9 自我效能量表「向度三：減少脂肪與鹽分的堅持」之共變數分析	62
表4-3-1 「單一資訊組」營養學知識測驗之各項度前後測統計摘要(N=46)	63
表4-3-2 「複合資訊組」營養學知識測驗之各項度前後測統計摘要(N=40)	64
表4-3-3 營養知識測驗總分之共變數分析	65
表4-3-4 營養知識測驗之三概念同質性考驗結果	65
表4-3-5 營養學知識測驗「概念一：一般飲食原則」之共變數分析	66
表4-3-6 營養學知識測驗「概念二：食物營養素與健康關係」之共變數分析	67
表4-3-7 營養學知識測驗「概念三：具抗癌功效與易罹癌食物之認知」之共
　　變數分析	67

圖目錄
圖2-1-1 自然主義模式之識別啟動決策模型_簡易版本	11
圖2-1-2 自然主義模式之識別啟動決策模型_複雜版本	12
圖3-1-1 研究架構圖	24
圖3-4-1 選擇餐廳與餐點畫面	29
圖3-4-2 觀看餐點食物	29
圖3-4-3 任務卡與答案	29
圖3-4-4 放置完食物牌與顏色磁鐵的六大類桌遊底圖示意圖	30
圖3-4-5 食物牌間之連接方式示意圖	30
圖3-4-6 於個人飲食量表圈選餐點示意圖	31
圖3-4-7 於個人飲食量表紀錄選到較不健康營養素的食物示意圖	31
圖3-4-8 於個人飲食量表紀錄餐點的花費示意圖	31
圖3-3-7 決策截點圖	32
圖3-4-8 六大類桌遊底圖上擺放各玩家之食物紙牌與顏色磁鐵示意圖	33
圖3-4-9 個人飲食量表中的「建議攝取量」欄位	33
圖3-4-10 營養素紀錄欄填答示意圖	34
圖3-4-11 在數位回饋系統中回答相關問題	35
圖3-4-12 觀看數位回饋系統呈現的飲食決策後果與建議	35
圖3-4-13 數位回饋系統呈現各大類攝取結果	36
圖3-4-14 長期進行飲食決策將會導致的後果	36
圖3-4-15 詳細的飲食建議	37
圖3-6-1 一次情境模擬的循環	42
圖3-7-1研究流程	43

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