問題解決是當給予個體一個難題時，個體透過反思與討論，將本身舊有的知識基模組織與精緻化，以產生新的認知來解決這個難題的一系列認知的過程。在問題類型中，邏輯問題是最基礎也是最重要的，在解決所有類型的問題之前，都需要先具備解決邏輯問題的能力，亦即邏輯推理的能力，因此如何提升邏輯推理能力是很重要的。根據相關研究指出，遊戲是激勵學習者的有效工具，遊戲提供學習者一個運有既有知識分析、推理並制定決策來解決問題的機會，並透過執行該決策是否通過關卡來檢視自己制定的策略有沒有效。由上述得知，以遊戲式學習提升邏輯推理能力具有潛在的效益。本研究以基礎程式邏輯概念為核心，設計並開發包含3D密室逃脫遊戲及機器人課堂遊戲之遊戲式學習模式，探究玩家藉由操作及執行遊戲關卡，是否會引發腦內邏輯推理的歷程，並藉由推理的過程產生相對應的外顯行為，成功解決遊戲問題並遷移至基礎程式邏輯測驗表現上。本研究採準實驗研究法，以新北市某國中一年級84位修習資訊課程的學生為樣本，將其分為實驗組一與實驗組二，分別介入遊戲式學習融入敘述式鷹架和遊戲式學習融入提問式鷹架，探討實驗組一與實驗組二於密室逃脫遊戲表現、機器人課堂遊戲表現及基礎程式邏輯後測三變項之差異。研究結果如下：使用遊戲式學習融入敘述式鷹架之實驗組一與使用遊戲式學習融入提問式鷹架之實驗組二，於密室逃脫遊戲表現上無顯著差異；但使用敘述式鷹架之實驗組一於機器人課堂遊戲表現及基礎程式邏輯後測表現上，皆顯著優於使用提問式鷹架之實驗組二。上述結果證實鷹架的設計應明確且直接，以幫助學習者更順利的產生邏輯推理歷程。並以此結果證實介入遊戲式學習時鷹架設計的原則與重要性。

Problem solving is a series of cognition process. During the processes, the individual would organize and elaborate knowledge they already have to a new scheme while giving them a puzzle. In all types of problem, logical problem is the most basic and important. The individual must have the ability of solving logical problem before solving all types of problem, the ability called logical reasoning ability, and it makes the ability more important. According to related research, game is an effective tool to excite learner, it provided an opportunity to analyzing, reasoning, and making decision. Through the result of conducting that decision, the learner could examine if the decision made by themself is effective. Above all, it has some potential benefits that learners enhance logical reasoning ability by game-based learning. This research based on the concept of basic program logic, design and develop a game-based learning mode that including 3D escaping game and machine car game. This study explores if learner can generate logical reasoning process by operating game mission, generate their behavior to finish game mission, and migrate to the test of basic program logic. This study adopted quasi-experimental research, samples of this study were 84 first grade students in New Taipei City. They were divided into experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, participated in two game-based learnings: straight scaffolding and questionable scaffolding. This study messureed the difference between group 1 and group 2 of game achievement in escaping game, machine car game. The results of research finding are: there are no significant finding in game achievement of 3D escaping game between group 1 and group 2. But in the achievement of machine car game and in the test of basic program logic, the group 1 performs significantly better than the group 2. This study suggests that the design of scaffolding must be clear and straightforward to help learner to engage in the process of logical reasoning. Based on the result, this research concludes the importance of scaffolding design in instructal game-based learning.

目錄
第一章	緒論………………………………………………………………………  1
第一節	研究背景與動機……………………………………………………  1
第二節	研究目的及待答問題………………………………………………  4
第三節	名詞解釋……………………………………………………………  4
第四節	研究貢獻……………………………………………………………  7
第五節	研究限制……………………………………………………………  8
第二章	文獻探討…………………………………………………………………  9
第一節	邏輯推理能力………………………………………………………  9
第二節	遊戲式學習………………………………………………………… 16
第三節	鷹架………………………………………………………………… 19
第四節	討論………………………………………………………………… 22
第三章	研究方法………………………………………………………………… 32
第一節	研究對象…………………………………………………………… 32
第二節	研究架構…………………………………………………………… 33
第三節	研究設計與流程…………………………………………………… 40
第四節	研究工具…………………………………………………………… 45
第五節	資料處理與分析…………………………………………………… 92
第四章	研究結果………………………………………………………………… 94
第一節	各變項間的得分情形……………………………………………… 94
第二節	介入課程後兩組實驗組遊戲表現之比較…………………………102
第三節	兩組實驗組於基礎程式邏輯測驗(後測)分數上的差異…………107
第五章	研究結論與建議…………………………………………………………109
第一節	研究結論……………………………………………………………110
第二節	未來研究建議………………………………………………………111
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………… 114
    中文部份…………………………………………………………………… 114
    英文部份…………………………………………………………………… 116
附錄一、密室逃脫滿意度問卷(節錄)………………………………………… 121
附錄二、基礎程式邏輯測驗(前測)(節錄)…………………………………… 122
附錄三、基礎程式邏輯測驗(後測)(節錄)…………………………………… 125
附錄四、家長同意書…………………………………………………………… 128

 
表目錄
表2-1-1 Jonassen問題型態描述表(一)……………………………………………10
表2-1-2 Jonassen問題型態描述表(二)……………………………………………11
表2-4-1 遊戲式學習提升問題解決能力之相關研究…………………………… 23
表2-4-2 鷹架理論於教育上的應用……………………………………………… 27
表3-2-1 解題次數、使用鷹架數量及分數對照表……………………………… 35
表3-2-2 教學主題、概念與課堂任務對照表…………………………………… 38
表3-3-1 研究設計………………………………………………………………… 40
表3-4-1 第一次密室逃脫關卡內容設計對應邏輯問題………………………… 47
表3-4-2 小卡足球賽內容設計對應邏輯問題…………………………………… 59
表3-4-3 第一次密室逃脫鷹架類型應用表……………………………………… 63
表3-4-4 小卡足球賽鷹架類型應用表…………………………………………… 76
表3-4-5 前測專家建議…………………………………………………………… 83
表3-4-6 後測專家建議…………………………………………………………… 83
表3-4-7 前、後測題目難度、鑑別度對表………………………………..……...84
表3-4-8 雙項細目表………………………………………………………..……. .86
表3-4-9 遊戲滿意度問卷對應題號一覽表……………………………..…….… 87
表3-4-10 KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)取樣適當性檢定和Bartlett球型檢定…….88
表3-4-11 面向一因素分析…………………………………………………..…… 88
表3-4-12 面向二因素分析………………………………………………….……..89
表3-4-13 面向三因素分析………………………………………………….……. 90
表3-4-14 面向四因素分析………………………………………………….……. 90
表3-4-15 各面向信度分析對照表………………………………………….….… 92
表4-1-1 前測描述性統計資料………………........................................................ 94
表4-1-2 密室逃脫遊戲表現之描述性統計資料…………................................... 95
表4-1-3 小卡足球賽遊戲表現之描述性統計資料…………............................... 96
表4-1-4 終極賽車手遊戲表現之描述性統計資料…………............................... 98
表4-1-5 機器人競賽遊戲表現之描述性統計資料…………............................... 99
表4-1-6 基礎程式邏輯測驗後測之描述性統計資料………….......................... 100
表4-1-7 滿意度問卷描述性統計………….... ................ .................................... 101
表4-1-8 兩組實驗組於3D密室逃脫遊戲表現之共變數分析……................  102
表4-1-9 兩組實驗組於機器人課堂遊戲過關數量之共變數分析...............…  103
表4-1-10 兩組實驗組於機器人課堂遊戲過關秒數之共變數分析…………….103
表4-1-11 機器人課程過關數量與基礎程式邏輯測驗後測之相關…………….105
表4-1-12 機器人課程操作秒數與基礎程式邏輯測驗後測之相關…………….106
表4-1-13 兩組實驗組之共變數分析……………………. …………………….  107

 
圖目錄
圖2-1-1 破解問題的四種思考密技……………..………………………………….14
圖2-2-1  kiili經驗遊戲模式……………………………………..………………..17
圖2-3-1 分散性鷹架示意圖……………………………………………………… 20
圖2-3-2 重複性鷹架示意圖……………………………………………………… 21圖2-3-3 協同鷹架示意圖………………………………………………………… 21
圖3-2-1 研究架構圖……………………………………………………………… 33
圖3-3-1 研究流程圖……………………………………………………………… 41
圖3-3-2 實驗流程圖……………………………………………………………… 43
圖3-4-1 遊戲空間示意圖………………………………………………………… 46
圖3-4-2 關卡1-1示意圖………………………………………….……………… 51
圖3-4-3 關卡1-2示意圖………………………………………….……………… 52
圖3-4-4 關卡1-3示意圖………………………………………….……………… 53
圖3-4-5 關卡2-1示意圖………………………………………….……………… 54
圖3-4-6 關卡2-2示意圖………………………………………….……………… 55
圖3-4-7 關卡2-3示意圖……………………………………….………………….56
圖3-4-8 關卡3示意圖………………………………………….………………….57
圖3-4-9 小卡足球賽海報底圖………………………………………….………….58
圖3-4-10 關卡1-2正確程式指令積木……………………………..…….………..69
圖3-4-11 關卡1-3正確程式指令積木……………………………..…….………..70
圖3-4-12 關卡2-1正確程式指令積木……………………………..…….………..72

中文部份
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