本文旨在於所提出基於可重組光放大器之分波多工-被動光網路方案的探討。詳細地探討所提的可重組光放大器於分波多工-被動光網路系統中作為光放大器單元所提供保護機制之運作方式。所提出的設計能夠滿足光線路終端(Optical Line Terminal)光放大器單元作為上行和下行光放大器及光放大器保護的需求。
可重組光放大器類型三是三種類型中主要的研究重點；在可重組光放大器類型一及類型二正常操作下，其類型三提供雙向光路旁路。此外，基於摻鉺光纖放大器(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)結構，它提供可切換至前向泵激或後向泵激，以符合上行及下行光放大器的備用光放大器之要求。
在實驗中，可重組光放大器類型三是由一自製控制電路來控制，使其能夠自動地偵測其他可重組光放大器的狀態與切換它所需的狀態。實驗結果證實放大方向切換的延遲時間約0.82 ms是優於先前研究結果的4.4 ms，其延遲時間也大幅地降低許多。

This thesis aims at the discussion on the proposed wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) scheme based on reconfigurable optical amplifiers (ROAs). There are many detailed descriptions of the proposed ROAs in the WDM-PON system for the optical amplifier unit offering the protection operations. The proposed design can meet the protection requirement of the uplink and downlink optical amplifiers built in the optical amplifier unit at the optical line terminal.
ROA3 is the most significant study of three types of ROAs. It provides the bidirectional optical bypass paths when ROA1 and ROA2 work normally. Additionally, based on the architecture of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, it can also operate at either forward pumping or backward pumping to meet the requirement of the spare optical amplifier for protecting the uplink and downlink optical amplifiers.
In the experiments, the ROA3 controlled by a self-made circuit has the ability of automatic detecting the status of other ROAs and switching to the corresponding operation state. The experimental results show that the delay time about 0.82 ms for amplifying direction switch is superior to the prior research result of 4.4 ms and dramatically decreases a lot.

目錄
第一章	簡介..................................................1
   1.1	前言..................................................1
   1.2	研究動機..............................................2
   1.3	論文架構.............................................4
第二章	WDM-PON系統方案之研究..............................5
   2.1 WDM-PON方案........................................5
   2.2 可重組光放大器之架構..................................7
第三章	光放大器之架構.......................................11
   3.1 雙向放大器............................................11
     3.1.1 摻鉺光纖放大器雙向之架構..........................11
     3.1.2 可重組光放大器中雙向放大器之架構..................12
3.2 ROA保護應用之架構...................................16
3.2.1 一般OLT端的保護架構簡介..........................16
3.2.2 可重組放大器於OLT端之保護應用架構...............18
第四章	可重組光放大器之光路徑...............................24
   4.1 相關光元件介紹........................................24
     4.1.1 光開關之應用......................................24
     4.1.2 光開關之種類......................................26
     4.1.3 光循環器..........................................35
     4.1.4 分光器............................................38
第五章	ROA之控制電路......................................42
   5.1 ROA控制電路簡介.....................................42
   5.2 Arduino介紹...........................................44
   5.3 L298N雙H橋式直流電機模組...........................48
第六章 ROA之特性量測......................................54
   6.1 波長相關插入損耗.....................................54
   6.2 ROA方向切換速度.....................................56
   6.3 波長相關光放大增益....................................58
第七章 結論.................................................61
參考文獻....................................................62


圖目錄
圖1.1 可重組光放大器功能圖...................................4
圖2.1 基於可重組光放大器WDM-PON方案.......................5
圖2.2 EDFA的三種泵激組態....................................6
圖2.3 可重組光放大器之架構方塊圖.............................8
圖2.4 下行光放大器ROA1之保護架構方塊圖......................9
圖2.5 上行光放大器ROA2之保護架構方塊圖.....................10
圖3.1 摻鉺光纖放大器雙向放大架構............................11
圖3.2 運用於可重組光放大器中雙向放大器之架構................13
圖3.3 上行/下行光在ROA中傳輸路徑圖........................14
圖3.4 輸入光頻譜圖..........................................14
圖3.5 OLT端的保護架構......................................17
圖3.6 EDFA的保護架構圖.....................................18
圖3.7 新型EDFA保護架構圖..................................19
圖3.8 ROA對於EDFA的保護架構..............................19
圖3.9 下行訊號放大保護架構示意圖............................20
圖3.10 上行訊號放大保護架構示意圖...........................21
圖3.11 保護架構之控制圖.....................................21
圖3.12 ROA1和ROA2的改變狀態圖............................22
圖3.13 保護架構之方塊圖.....................................22
圖4.1 光塞取分波多工濾波器..................................25
圖4.2 2x2 MEMS光開關示意圖................................27
圖4.3 氣泡式光開關示意圖....................................28
圖4.4 聲光式光開關示意圖....................................29
圖4.5 電控全像式光開關示意圖................................30
圖4.6 液晶式光開關示意圖....................................31
圖4.7 熱光式光開關(數位光纖型)示意圖........................31
圖4.8 熱光式光開關(干涉型)示意圖............................32
圖4.9 壓電式光開關示意圖....................................33
圖4.10 三埠與四埠的光循環器之光路徑示意圖...................35
圖4.11 (a)非全通式與(b)全通式的四埠光循環器...................36
圖4.12 可逆式光循環器之示意圖...............................37
圖4.13 可逆式光循環器之成品.................................38
圖4.14 燒結法分光器示意圖...................................39
圖4.15 平面波導分光器示意圖.................................40
圖4.16 分光器指向性示意圖...................................41
圖5.1 ROA3控制電路架構.....................................42
圖5.2 ROA3控制電路操作流程圖...............................43
圖5.3 Arduino腳位圖.........................................44
圖5.4 Arduino內部電路圖.....................................45
圖5.5 H-bridge電路圖.........................................48
圖5.6 L298N雙H橋式直流電機模組圖..........................49
圖5.7 ROA3的驅動電路圖.....................................51
圖5.8 ROA3 PCB圖...........................................52
圖5.9 ROA3實驗成品圖.......................................53
圖6.1 ROA3三種狀態下之測試端點定義.........................55
圖6.2 ROA3方向切換時的延遲時間測試架構圖...................55
圖6.3 光放大方向三次切換時的延遲時間測試結果................57
圖6.4 波長相關放大增益量測架構圖............................58
圖6.5 EDFA放大光信號頻譜圖.................................59
圖6.6 ROA3放大上行光信號頻譜圖.............................59
圖6.7 ROA3放大下行光信號頻譜圖.............................60


表目錄
表1.1 光元件及設備之故障率及故障修復所需時間.................3
表2.1 EDFA的三種泵激架構特性之比較..........................7
表3.1 可逆式光循環器之隔離度................................15
表4.1 各類型光開關之比較....................................34
表5.1 Arduino規格表.........................................45
表5.2 Arduino腳位功能表.....................................46
表5.3 Arduino輸入訊號和輸出訊號對應表.......................47
表5.4 L298N雙H橋式直流電機模組規格........................50
表6.1 光控單元內各元件的插入損耗............................54
表6.2 ROA3的插入損耗.......................................55

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