在本篇研究中，利用啞鈴型金奈米棒作為模板，來合成啞鈴型金銀核殼型奈米棒。銀殼的形態調控已知經由微調溫度和pH值會受到很大的影響，因此我們在這針對改變溫度和pH值來探討。室溫下，硝酸銀的銀離子(Ag+)與CTAB的溴離子(Br-)形成溴化銀，這使得維生素C還原能力不足將銀離子還原至啞鈴型金奈米棒上；因此我們利用氫氧化鈉來增加pH值，使得銀離子快速還原至啞鈴型金奈米棒上，最後銀殼形狀偏向圓形以及不規則形狀。當反應溫度較高將導致雙三角錐產生缺角。此外，也發現在AuDBs中，銀先沉積在兩側將可能形成長方形；在AuDBs中，銀先沉積在某一側將可能形成雙三角錐。如果在室溫下先包覆薄薄的銀殼，當380 nm左右的特徵吸收峰強度明顯的變強，這也使得無法形成長方形與三角形。此外AuDBs先利用胺基酸分子半胱胺酸進行表面修飾，實驗觀察出也會有相同結果。實驗結果顯示，銀殼在AuDBs表面初期的成長可能扮演著決定核殼最後構形的關鍵步驟。

Gold Nanodumbbells (AuDBs) are prepared from gold nanorods by chemical reduction and used as the templates to synthesize Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles. The rate of silver shell growth could be controlled by temperature and pH, and the final morphology of those core-shell nanoparticles will be discussed. Silver ion reacts with bromide at room temperature, and results in the formation AgBr complexes which prevent the reduction of silver ions by ascorbic acid. But, the rapid epitaxial growth of Ag on AuDBs takes place with the addition of NaOH. The final core-shell nanoparticles displayed either sphere-like or irregular faceted morphologies. On the other hand, the special structures such as bar and triangular bipyramids with truncated corners were obtained at higher temperature. The Ag shell is preferentially grew on the one side of AuDBs in the latter, but the shape of the Ag shell in the former is a rectangular in which the reduction of Ag atoms is deposited on the both sides of AuDBs. If AuDBs were wrapped with thin silver shells at room temperature and the intensity of the 380nm peak increases, then anisotropic Ag coating occurs and prevents the formation of the two structures. At the same time, the similar results were also observed when the ends of AuDBs are modified by cysteine molecules. The experimental results show that the initial growth of the silver shell on the surface of AuDBs could play the important step to determine the final morphology of the core-shell nanoparticles.

目錄
第一章 緒論.....1
1.1 奈米材料的簡介......1
1.2 奈米材料的特性......2
1.3 金屬奈米粒子的表面電漿共振........3
1.4 金奈米棒的合成與調控......5
1.5 金奈米棒的形態變化........7
1.6 金奈米棒的表面修飾與自組裝........9
1.7 金銀核殼型奈米粒子..11
1.8 研究動機與目的......15
第二章 實驗.....16
2.1 實驗藥品..16
2.2 實驗儀器..17
2.3 金奈米棒的合成....18
2.4 金奈米棒的氧化還原作用......19
2.5 不同溫度下合成啞鈴型金銀殼型金奈米棒........20
2.6 啞鈴型金奈米棒的熱穩定性與其包銀....22
2.7 改變pH值合成啞鈴型金銀殼型金奈米棒..23
2.8啞鈴型金奈米棒室溫包銀後加熱包銀.....23
2.9啞鈴型金奈米棒表面修飾與其包銀.....24
第三章 結果與討論.......26
3.1金奈米棒和啞鈴型金奈米棒的合成與鑑定.26
3.2不同溫度下啞鈴型金銀核殼形奈米棒的合成與鑑定.29
3.3啞鈴型金奈米棒的熱穩定性與其反應性的鑑定.....38
3.4改變pH值合成啞鈴型金銀殼型金奈米棒...42
3.5啞鈴型金奈米棒室溫包銀後加熱包銀的鑑定.......44
3.6探討啞鈴型金銀殼型奈米棒反應過程的形態變化...51
3.7啞鈴型金銀殼型金奈米棒表面銀殼成長機制.......54
3.8啞鈴型金奈米棒表面修飾與其包銀的鑑定.57
第四章 結論.....61
第五章 參考資料..63
圖目錄
圖1.1 金屬奈米粒子的表面電漿共振示意圖..3
圖2.1 金奈米棒製備的簡易流程圖..19
圖2.2 金奈米棒的氧化還原簡易流程圖......20
圖2.3 室溫下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的簡易流程圖.......20
圖2.4 65℃中合成Au@AgDBs的簡易流程圖....21
圖2.5 75℃中合成成Au@AgDBs的簡易流程圖..21
圖2.6 85℃中合成Au@AgDBs的簡易流程圖....22
圖2.7 75℃中AuDBs加熱再形成銀殼的簡易流程圖....22
圖2.8 室溫下合成Au@AgDBs的簡易流程圖....23
圖2.9 AuDBs室溫包銀後加熱包銀的簡易流程圖.......24
圖2.10 AuDBs表面修飾的簡易流程圖........24
圖2.11 AuDBs表面修飾再形成銀殼的簡易流程圖......25
圖2.12 AuDBs的反應簡單流程圖...25
圖2.13 AuDBs表面修飾的反應簡單流程圖...25
圖3.1 AuNRs在CTAB的吸收光譜圖...........26
圖3.2 AuNRs在CTAB的TEM圖.......26
圖3.3 AuNRs進行氧化還原反應的吸收光譜圖.27
圖3.4 AuNRs進行氧化還原作用的TEM圖......28
圖3.5 AuNRs 、AuDBs的尺寸大小表示位置...28
圖3.6 室溫下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的吸收光譜圖.......30
圖3.7 室溫下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的TEM圖....30
圖3.8 65℃下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的吸收光譜圖.......31
圖3.9 65℃下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的TEM圖....32
圖3.10 75℃下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的吸收光譜圖......33
圖3.11 75℃下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的TEM圖..34
圖3.12 85℃下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的吸收光譜圖......35
圖3.13 85℃下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的TEM圖...36
圖3.14 高溫下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的吸收光譜圖......37
圖3.15 高溫下AuDBs表面銀殼成長的TEM圖...37
圖3.16 AuDBs加熱的吸收光譜圖....38
圖3.17 AuDB加熱的TEM圖..39
圖3.18 AuDBs與加熱的AuDBs的尺寸大小表示位置.....40
圖3.19 AuDB加熱再進行表面銀殼成長的吸收光譜圖...40
圖3.20 AuDBs加熱再進行表面銀殼成長的TEM圖.......41
圖3.21改變pH值合成Au@AgDBs的吸收光譜圖..42
圖3.22改變pH值合成Au@AgDBs的TEM圖.......43
圖3.23 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.01 ml)後加熱包銀的吸收光譜圖.....45
圖3.24 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.01 ml)後加熱包銀的TEM圖..46
圖3.25 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.015 ml)後加熱包銀的吸收光譜圖....46
圖3.26 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.015 ml)後加熱包銀的TEM圖.47
圖3.27 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.03 ml)後加熱包銀的吸收光譜圖.....48
圖3.28 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.03 ml)後加熱包銀的TEM圖.49
圖3.29 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.01、0.015、0.03 ml)的TEM圖.......50
圖3.30 AuDBs室溫包銀(0.01、0.015、0.03 ml)後加熱包銀....50
的吸收光譜圖	50
圖3.31 Au@AgDBs反應過程變化的吸收光譜圖.52
圖3.32 Au@AgDBs反應過程中的形態變化的TEM圖......53
圖3.33 長方體、雙三角錐反應過程中的形態變化的TEM圖......54
圖3.34 EDX的Mapping分析長方體與雙三角錐，灰色的分佈訊號的為銀、黃色的分佈訊號為金.......55
圖3.35 EDX的Linescan分析長方體、雙三角錐，藍色訊號為金、紅色訊號的為銀..56
圖3.36 75℃矽油中AuDBs表面修飾後包銀的吸收光譜圖........57
圖3.37 75℃矽油中AuDBs表面修飾後包銀的TEM圖.....58
圖3.38 AuDBs表面修飾的吸收光譜圖........59
圖3.39 AuDBs表面修飾的TEM圖.....60
表目錄
表1.1為銀奈米結構合成的製備.....12
表3.1 AuNRs 、AuDBs的尺寸大小..28
表3.2 AuDBs加熱後的尺寸大小.....39

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