本論文討論於WiMAX網路中提供IPTV服務之群播資源分配問題，並加入子通道品質的考量。不同於以往相關研究在資源分配上單純以系統的角度作為考量，本論文設計一由使用者角度考量之使用者滿意度評估方式，同時為了能夠兼顧系統獲益以及使用者之滿意度，設計一系統效能指標。在資源分配方面，本論文利用對群播組的切割，將群播組中訊號品質較差之使用者切割出來，置於其可支援較好調變之子通道上傳送，對瓶頸使用者與其餘使用者皆提升調變，減少資源消耗，提升整體系統效能以及頻寬資源利用率。
模擬結果顯示，本論文提出之群播分組與資源分配機制與以往相關研究相比，在Base Layer能夠有效的減少資源消耗，因此在資源有限的情況下，可服務更多的Enhancement Layer使用者，可得到較高之系統獲益以及使用者滿意度。

This paper investigates multicast resource allocation problem for IPTV services in WiMAX networks and proposes a subchannel-aware IPTV multicast grouping and resource allocation mechanisms (MGRAM) for bandwidth utilization improvement. In the proposed mechanism, both system profits and user satisfactions are considered to form a system performance weight for multicast group partition and resource allocation. In multicast group partition, this paper separates users with bad subchannel conditions from the original multicast group, which is grouped based on the subscriptions of programs, into a new multicast group. Therefore, multicast group partition can promote available modulation to improve bandwidth utilization. Based on the results of the multicast group partition, each multicast group is allocated based on the system performance weight.
Besides, this paper conducts a simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism. Simulation results show that MGRAM obviously outperforms the related work in user satisfactions and system profits when the number of users increases in the networks.

Contents
1	Introduction	1
2	Preliminaries	4
2.1	Internet Protocol Television	4
2.2	Scalable Video Coding	5
2.2.1	Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR)	7
2.3	Multicast Broadcast Service	8
3	Problem Statement	9
4	Multicast Grouping and Resource Allocation Mechanisms (MGRAM)	17
4.1	Basic Modulation & Subchannels Determination	21
4.2	Multicast Group Partition	23
4.2.1	Overview	23
4.2.2	Multicast Group Partition Algorithm	28
4.3	MBS Burst Allocation	34
4.4	MBS Zone Determination	35
5	Performance Evaluation	36
6	Conclusions	42
Reference	43
APPENDIX	46

List of Figures
Figure 1、Scalable Video Coding (SVC)。	6
Figure 2、MBS Zone。	8
Figure 3、Multicast Group Partition Algorithm。	28
Figure 4、Partition Algorithm。	29
Figure 5、Find Bottleneck Algorithm。	30
Figure 6、Resource Check Algorithm。	32
Figure 7、System Performance。	38
Figure 8、Normalized User Satisfaction。	39
Figure 9、Normalized User Satisfaction System Profit。	40
Figure 10、Number of Average Served layers。	41

List of Tables
Table 1、List of Notations。	16
Table 2、Modulation and Slot Capaticy。	18
Table 3、Users with Different Subchannel Conditions。	19
Table 4、Parameter Setting of Proi,j。	31
Table 5、Subscription Information of Layers。	31
Table 6、Simulation Settings。	36
Table 7、Parameter Setting of Layers。	37

[1]	IEEE Std 802.16-2012, IEEE Standard for Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems, IEEE, 2012.
[2] 	ITU-T Recommendation H.264, Advanced Video Coding for Generic Audiovisual Services, ITU-T, 2012.
[3] 	C.-W. Huang, S.-M. Huang, P.-H. Wu, S.-J. Lin, and J.-N. Hwang, "OLM: Opportunistic Layered Multicasting for Scalable IPTV over Mobile WiMAX," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 453-463, 2012.
[4] 	P.-H. Wu and Y.-H. Wu, "Optimal Layered Video IPTV Multicast Streaming Over Mobile WiMAX Systems," IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1395-1403, 2011.
[5] 	W.-H. Kuo, T.-H. Liu, and W.-J. Liao, "Utility-based Resource Allocation for Layer-Encoded IPTV Multicast in IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) wireless networks," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2007.
[6] 	W.-H. Kuo, W.-J. Liao, T.-H. Liu, "Adaptive Resource Allocation for Layer-Encoded IPTV Multicasting in IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Wireless Networks," IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 116-124, 2011.
[7] 	K.-P. Shih, H.-C. Chen, T.-H. Hsieh, "ChannelAware Subchannel Renumbering and Downlink Burst Allocation for IEEE 802.16 OFDMA Systems," in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010.
[8] 	T. Schierl, T. Stockhammer, and T. Wiegand, "Mobile Video Transmission Using Scalable Video Coding," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1204-1217, 2007.
[9] 	J. R. Ohm, "Description of Core Experiments in MPEG-4 video," ISO/IEC JTCI/SC29/WG11, 1998.
[10] 	M.R. Garey and D.S. Johnson, Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, 1990.
[11] 	J. Kim, J. Cho, and H. Shin, "Resource Allocation for Scalable Video Broadcast in Wireless Cellular Networks," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Wireless And Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications (WiMob), 2005.
[12] 	Q. Qu and U. Kozat, "On the Opportunistic Multicasting in OFDM-Based Cellular Networks," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2008.
[13] 	L. Chen, X.-X. Wang, G.-N. He, "A Layered-based Resource Allocation Algorithm for Multicast Services in OFDMA System," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2012.
[14] 	Y.-I. Kim, S. Yun, K.-S. Lee, W. Ryu and H.-K. Lee, "Dynamic MBS Zone Configuration based on Contents Characteristics," in Proc. International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2012.
[15] 	C.-W. Huang, P.-H. Wu, S.-J. Lin, and J.-N. Hwang, "Layered Video Resource Allocation in Mobile WiMAX Using Opportunistic Multicasting," in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2009.
[16] 	S.-J. Zhao, Z.-X. Xiong, and X.-D. Wang, "Optimal Resource Allocation for Wireless Video over CDMA Networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 56-67, 2005.
[17] 	S.-M. Huang, C.- W. Huang, P.- H. Wu, J.- N. Hwang, V. Gau, and Y.- C. Chen, "Resource Efficient Opportunistic Multicast Scheduling for IPTV over Mobile WiMAX," in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), 2010.
[18] 	Y.-I. Choi, J.-W. Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.-S. Jeong, and C.-G. Kang, "Scalable Transmission Control: SVC-Based Dynamic Resource Allocation for Enhanced Multicast and Broadcast Service," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1436-1438, 2012.
[19] 	P.H. Wu, Y.H. Hu, and J.N. Hwang, "Optimal Layered Video IPTV Multicast Streaming over IEEE 802.16e WiMAX systems," in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), 2010.