在醫療統計上，有許多學者證實了“超音波抽取注入酒精治療注入酒精時間在十分鐘以上至不抽出，有較佳的療效”，但是卻很少學者探討“不同狀況患者對酒精治療時間長短與復癒率之間的關係”，所以本論文以資料探勘的方式探討此問題。而決策樹演算法在規則表現以樹狀方式呈現，因此在知識的透明度上有很好的表現，且決策樹可針對目標類別同時分析類別屬性與數值屬性欄位，找出對於最佳屬性切點。但決策樹分類的結構是屬於區域的特性且有過度擬合(over-fitting)問題。故在本文中，擬利用決策樹CART演算法產生規則，將決策樹規則的節點重新組合產生所有可能的規則，再結合統計t test驗證規則的顯著，以找出未被發掘而有意義的知識。實驗結果表明，我們的做法可以找到子宮內膜異位症不同狀況患者對酒精治療時間長短與復癒率的一些新知識。

Although several researchers have performed statistical methods to prove that aspiration followed by injection of 95% ethanol left in situ (retention) is an effective treatment of ovarian endometriomas, very few of them discuss the different conditions that could generate different recovery rate for the patients. Therefore, this study adopts the statistical method and decision tree techniques together to analyze the postoperative status of ovarian endometriosis patients under the conditions. Since our collected data set is small, only contains 212 records, we use all of these data as the training data. Therefore, instead of using a resultant tree to generate rules directly, we use the value of each node as a cut point to generate all possible rules to the tree first. Then, using t test to verify rules to discover some useful description rules after all possible rules to the tree are generated. The experimental results show that our approach can find some new interesting knowledge about the recurrent ovarian endometriomas under the different conditions.

第1章	緒論	1
1.1	研究動機及研究目的	2
1.2	論文架構	4
第2章	相關研究	5
2.1	資料探勘	5
2.2	決策樹演算法	9
2.2.1	決策樹演算法過程	10
2.2.2	分類回歸樹(CART，Classification and Regression Tree)	13
2.3	子宮內膜異位症	18
2.3.1	子宮內膜異位症的臨床症狀	19
2.3.2	子宮內膜異位症的檢查方式	21
2.3.3	子宮內膜異位症的分級	22
2.3.4	子宮內膜異位治療方法	23
第3章	研究方法	26
3.1	流程架構及研究方法	26
3.2	資料收集	28
3.3	基本統計	32
3.3.1	超音波抽取注入95%酒精治療	33
3.3.2	患者的基本欄位統計	34
3.3.3	復癒率計算方式	35
3.3.4	超音波抽取注入酒精治療時間長短之基本統計	35
第4章	研究結果與分析	37
4.1	實作環境說明	37
4.2	實作目標	37
4.3	決策樹結果分析	38
4.4	使用決策樹的問題與解決辦法	41
4.5	術前CA_125檢驗值的影響	43
4.6	術前CYST_SIZE測量值與BMI檢測值的影響	47
4.7	患者狀況、95%酒精注入囊腫內置留時間與術後復癒狀況關係	50
第5章	結論與未來相關研究	54
5.1	結論	54
5.2	未來相關研究	55
參考文獻	56
附錄—英文論文	58

圖目錄
圖2.1知識發掘流程圖	6
圖2.2 預測是否玩網路遊戲的決策樹	9
圖2.3 從訓練資料建構決策樹的基本演算法	11
圖3.1 研究方法流程圖	27
圖3.2 二元變異統計	30
圖3.3 CYST_SIZE的二元變異統計	30
圖3.4 OP_TOTAL_FLAG的二元變異統計	31
圖4.1 IBM的DB2 INTELLIGENT MINER FOR DATA V8.1產生決策樹結果	38
圖4.2決策樹結果	38
圖4.3 結合酒精時間與復癒欄位新目標決策樹結果	50

表目錄
表2.1 CART屬性選擇方法Gini index在電腦購買與否顧客資料庫	15
表2.2 美國生殖醫學會子宮內膜異位症的分級	22
表3.1決策樹參數欄位	32
表3.2患者的基本欄位統計	34
表3.3超音波抽取注入95%酒精治療以時間分群對復癒率統計	36
表4.1 決策樹結果規則分群與復癒率之統計檢定	40
表4.2 決策樹切點所組成的規則	42
表4.3 CA_125的t test結果	43
表4.4 CA_125 ≥146.81酒精注入時間長短復癒與否	45
表4.5 Cyst_size與BMI的t test結果	48
表4.6 酒精置入時間長短的t test結果	52

[1].	Akamatsu N., Hirai T., Masaoka H., Sekiba K., Fujita T., Ultrasonically guided puncture of endometrial cysts—aspiration of contents and infusion of ethanol, Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1988, pp. 187–191
[2].	Noma J., Yoshida N., Efficacy of ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriomas, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetric, Vol. 72, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 35-39
[3].	Chia-Lin Hsieh, Chii-Shinn Shiau, Liang-Ming Lo, T'sang-T'ang Hsieh, Ming-Yang Chang, Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided aspiration and sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol for treatment of recurrent ovarian endometriomas, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 91, No. 6, June 2009, pp. 2709-2713
[4].	Giorlandino C., Taramanni C., Muzii L., Santillo E., Nanni C., Vizzone A., Ultrasound-guided aspiration of ovarian endometriotic cysts, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetric, Vol. 43, Issue 1, October 1993, pp. 41-44
[5].	J. R. Quinlan, Induction of Decision Trees, Machine Learning, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1986, pp.81-106.
[6].	Usama M. Fayyad, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, Padhraic Smyth, Ramasamy Uthurusamy, Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Park, CA, 1996
[7].	丁一賢‧陳牧言合著，「資料探勘 Data Mining」，April 2005
[8].	G. V. Kass, An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data, Applied Statistics, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1980, pp. 119-127
[9].	L. Breiman, J. H. Friedman, R. A. Olshen, and C. J. Stone. Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA, 1984
[10].	X. Wu, V. Kuman, J.R. Quinlan, J. Ghosh, Q. Yang, H. Motoda, G.J. Mclachlan, A. Ng, B. Liu, P.S. Yu, Z. Zhou, M. Steinbach, D.J. Hand, D. Steinberg, Top 10 algorithms in data mining, Knowledge and Information Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2008, pp. 1–37
[11].	J. R. Quinlan, C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1993
[12].	J. R. Quinlan. Improved use of continuous attributes in c4.5, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Vol. 14, 1996, pp. 77-90
[13].	Jiawei Han , Micheline Kamber, Data mining: concepts and techniques, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 2000
[14].	張明揚， 中華民國子宮內膜異位症婦女協會網站，http://www.eataiwan.org.tw
[15].	Chapron, C, Vercellini, P, Barakat, H  et al., Management of ovarian endometriomas, Human Reproduction Update, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2002, pp.591-597
[16].	K.D. Jones and C.J.G. Sutton, Pregnancy rates following ablative laparoscopic surgery for endometriomas, Human Reproduction, Vol. 17, No.3, 2002, pp. 782-785
[17].	M. Bussacca, R. Marana and P. Canadiani et al., Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic excision, Am J Obstet Gynecol, Vol. 180, 1999, pp.519–523.
[18].	G. Bruce and L.A. Bateman Kolpo, Endoscopic versus laparotomy management of endometriosis, Gynecol Endocrinol, Vol. 62, 1994, pp. 690–695.
[19].	Ozkan S. and Arici A., Advances in treatmnent options of endometriosis, Gynecol Obstet Invest, Vol. 67, No. 2, 2009, pp.81-91.
[20].	Aboulghar MA, Mansour RT, Serour GI, Rizk B., Ultrasonic transvaginal aspiration of endometriotic cysts: an optional line of treatment in selected cases of endometriosis, Human Reproduction, Vol. 6, No. 10, 1991, pp. 1408-1410
[21].	AloulgharMA, Mansour RT, Serour GI, Sattar M, RamzyAM, AminYM., Treatment of recurrent chocolate cysts by transvaginal aspiration and tetracycline sclerotherapy, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Vol. 10, No. 8, 1993, pp. 531–533
[22].	Mesogitis S., Antsaklis A., Daskalakis G., Papantoniou N., Michalas S., Combined ultrasonographically guided drainage and methotrexate administration for treatment of endometriotic cysts, Lancet, Vol. 355, No. 9210, April 2000, pp. 1160
[23].	Koike, T, Minakami, H, Motoyama, M  et al., Reproductive performance after ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriotic cysts, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Vol. 105, No. 1, Oct 2002, pp. 39-43
[24].	Suganuma, N, Wakahara, Y, Ishida, D  et al., Pretreatment for ovarian endometrial cyst before in vitro fertilization, Gynecol Obstet Invest, Vol. 54, 2002, pp. 36-42