在本論文中，主要透過MATLAB軟體模擬Alamonti兩根傳送天線與M根接收天線的空時碼系統、以及推廣到四根傳送天線M根接收天線的空時方塊碼Space-Time Block Code(STBC)，與一根傳送天線M根接收天線的傳統接收分集Receiver Diversity的Maximum Ratio Receiver Combining (MRRC)系統的效能比較。調變方面使用Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)，系統考慮高斯白雜訊Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN)與雷利衰減通道(Rayleigh Fading channel)，而多重輸入多重輸入天線Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna(MIMO)系統為主要探求之目標，最後在二傳二收與四傳四收的空時碼系統架構下加入正交分頻多工OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) ，在雷利衰減通道(Rayleigh Fading Channel)下，做效能評估。

In this thesis,it is mainly by utilizing MATLAB software to simulate the system performance between Alamonti scheme with M receiver antennas and Space-Time Block Code (STBC) with four transmit antennas and M receiver antennas. Also we simulated triditional receiver diversity Maximum Ratio Receiver Combining (MRRC) scheme. We compare system performance with different transmitting scheme. We are Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK) for the data transmission and it is assumed  that the channel is formed by combining the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading.We forcus on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas ,and specifically we consider two transmitter antennas and two receiver antennas scheme and four transmitter antennas and four receiver antennas scheme by using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in Rayleigh fading channel .

第一章	緒論 ……………………………….……..……..1
1.1 研究動機與目的 ……………………………..………..….1
1.2 章節摘要 ……...………………..………..…………..……2

第二章	通道模型及估測………………………..…….…3
2.1 白高斯雜訊通道….……………....…………….……….....3
2.2 雷利衰減通道模型……..…………….………...……..…...5
2.3 通道估測………………………………………………..….7

第三章	空時碼及正交分頻多工系統...………………....9
3.1	OFDM系統簡介..…………………………………….….…9
3.2  MIMO ...………………….………………….…...…….....12
3.3  空時碼 .……………………………………………..……14
3.3.1 SIMO系統.………………………..………………...15
3.3.2 Almouti二傳一收系統.…………………………..…18
3.3.3 Almouti二傳二收系統.…………………………..…21
3.4 空時方塊碼.……………………..……………....……..…23
    3.4.1 STBC之正交分頻多工系統.……….……..........….27

第四章	系統模擬結果與分析…………………….…....29
4.1 接收分集系統在AWGN & Rayleigh通道下模擬分析….29
4.2  Alamouti系統在AWGN & Rayleigh通道下模擬分析….33
4.3  STBC系統在AWGN & Rayleigh下模擬分析……….….36
4.3.1 STBC-OFDM模擬分析…………….……………....40

第五章	結論…………………………………….………47     
參考文獻………………………………………………48
 
圖目錄

圖2.1 平均值為零、變異係數為一之機率密度函數………………..…….4
圖2.2 加入可加性高斯白雜訊之傳收架構………..….…...……….….…...4
圖2.3 雷利(Rayleigh)模型組成示意圖…….….……….….……….….……6
圖2.4 兩根天線的Pilot配置圖…….………. .……….….……….….……7
圖3.1  FDM表示圖…….…………............…. …….….….……….….……9
圖3.2  OFDM表示圖…….…………............…. ….….….……….….……10
圖3.3 正交之子載波頻譜…..…………….……...…………..……………..10
圖3.4 單載波表示圖 ……..….……….…………………..…………….….11
圖3.5  MIMO系統架構圖…….………...…. .…….….….……….….……13
圖3.6  SIMO、MISO、MIMO 表示圖……….….…….….……….….……14
圖3.7  SIMO接收系統表示圖……………...…………………..…..………16
圖3.8  Alamouti二傳一收系統架構圖………...…………..……………….18
圖3.9  Almouti二傳二收系統架構圖…….………....……………………..21
圖3.10  STBC傳送端架構圖……...………….…………………………….23
圖3.11  STBC-OFDM傳送端系統結構圖…………...…………………….28
圖3.12  STBC-OFDM接收端系統結構圖………………...……………….28
圖4.1  接收分集只加AWGN的模擬流程圖……….......……..………….30
圖4.2  接收分集通過雷利通道的模擬流程圖…..………………………...31
圖4.3  接收分集系統只加AWGN下
各種接收天線數量的位元錯誤率…………………..…….........…..31
圖4.4  接收分集系統通過雷利通道
各種接收天線數量的位元錯誤率.....................................................32
圖4.5  Alamouti二傳一收系統只加AWGN的模擬流程圖………….….34
圖4.6  Alamouti二傳一收系統通過雷利通道的模擬流程圖....................34
圖4.7  Alamouti系統中只加AWGN下
各種接收天線數量的位元錯誤率...................................................35
圖4.8  Alamouti系統中通過雷利通道
各種接收天線數量的位元錯誤率...................................................35
圖4.9   STBC傳收系統只加AWGN的模擬流程圖……………………...37
圖4.10  STBC傳收系統通過雷利通道的模擬流程圖……..……………..38
圖4.11  STBC系統只加AWGN各種接收天線數量的位元錯誤率……..38
圖4.12  STBC系統中通過雷利通道各種接收天線數量的位元錯誤率....39
圖4.13  二傳二收STBC-OFDM傳收系統模擬流程圖…………...……...41
圖4.14  通道估測步驟順序圖…...……………...........................................42
圖4.15  STBC-OFDM系統通過雷利通道的位元錯誤率...........................43
圖4.16  四傳四收STBC-OFDM傳收系統模擬流程圖..............................44
圖4.17  2x2 4x4 STBC-OFDM系統通過雷利通道的位元錯誤率.............46

表目錄

表3.1  SIMO傳送符碼表……………………………………………16
表3.2  Almouti二傳一收傳送符碼表……….………..……………...19
表3.3  不同傳送天線與接收天線通道表……………....…………….21
表3.4  STBC實數傳送符碼表………………..………..…..…………24
表3.5  STBC複數傳送符碼表…………………...…………………...24
表4.1  接收分集模擬參數…………………….………...…………….30
表4.2  接收分集系統在雷利通道下效能分析表…….…...………….33
表4.3  Alamouti系統模擬參數………………....……...…………….33
表4.4  Alamouti Scheme在雷利通道下效能分析表……………….36
表4.5  STBC系統模擬參數………………….…………...………….37
表4.6  STBC在雷利通道下效能分析表….……….....…..………….40
表4.7  STBC-OFDM系統模擬參數…………….…...……………….40
表4.8  兩根傳送天線pilot symbol和符號置入結構表………………41
表4.9  STBC-OFDM系統模擬參數……..……………………..…….44
表4.10 四根傳送天線pilot symbol和符號置入結構表…….………45

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