因應航空市場環境競爭激烈、燃油價格不斷攀升以及支持頻繁點對點之機場對數量有限，加上部分全服務航空也採取低價策略，因此低成本航空公司試圖嘗試參與策略聯盟。目前雖有許多文獻在探討航空聯盟議題，但大多以全服務航空公司為研究對象，針對低成本航空參與策略聯盟之研究尚少，且對於低成本航空參與聯盟究係是否具正面效益抑或與純粹低成本航空經營模式之核心精神相悖離尚有爭議。
本研究考慮低成本航空公司所有權與起源、市場特徵、混合型服務特性與機隊特性為解釋變數，以參與各類型聯盟合作協定為應變數，進行探索性因素分析。分別針對低成本航空參與聯運協定、共用班號協定以及同時參與聯運與共用班號協定建構Probit迴歸模式，推論各類型低成本航空參與聯盟合作之適合條件。此外，本研究應用「差異中之差異分析(DiD)」，進一步探討低成本航空參與共用班號合作協定對於其總營收與年運量是否具差異與影響，以作為低成本航空聯盟決策參考。
Probit迴歸模式結果顯示是否為單一艙等與航網結構是否為點對點型態均影響航空公司參與聯運協定、共用班號協定以及同時參與聯運與共用班號協定，非單一艙等或非點對點航網型態之低成本航空業者越容易參與策略聯盟合作。低成本航空業者為仿西南航空類型，則較少參與共用班號合作或較少同時參與聯運與共用班號合作。年運量越大的低成本航空業者，則更可能參與聯運合作或共用班號合作。低成本航空業者簽訂雙邊共用班號協議，則可能同時參與聯運合作與共用班號合作。再者，透過DiD模式分析低成本航空參與共用班號協定對航空公司總營收與年運量之影響，結果發現參與共用班號合作的低成本航空可增加其總營收，而航空公司增加之營收來自於參與共用班號合作後運量之增長。

Low-cost carriers (LCCs) have played an increasingly important role of the global air transportation industry. One current trend is that while international alliances among major airlines continue, some low-cost airlines have formed and some are now preparing for low-cost airline alliances. However, few researches have examined alliance practices by LCCs.
This study presents an exploratory analysis related to the involvement of LCCs in alliance agreements. The characteristics of partnerships involving LCCs are discussed, and the determining features with regards to the alliance propensity of LCCs are identified. In addition, this study applies a difference-in-difference analysis on the revenue and traffic of codeshared LCCs and non-codeshared LCCs, across the pre- and post-alliance periods.
The results of the probit model verified that alliance agreements are more likely to involve LCCs without single cabin nor point-to-point network structure. Southwest copycats are less likely to codeshare or and interline at the same time. Large size carriers are more likely to codeshare or interline. Moreover, in the DiD analysis, codesharing agreements did not improve the revenue of codeshared LCCs in the post-alliance period. The results of DiD analysis also found that codesharing agreements improve the revenue of codeshared airlines, due to passenger flow increase from the agreements. It is envisaged that the results of this study may shed light on low-cost airline alliance strategies and airline industry.

目錄
第一章、緒論	1
1.1研究背景與動機	1
1.2研究目的	5
1.3研究範圍與限制	6
1.4 研究流程	7
第二章、文獻回顧	8
2.1航空策略聯盟相關文獻	8
2.2低成本航空相關文獻	14
2.3 差異中之差異分析(DiD)模式相關文獻	20
2.4小結	22
第三章、研究方法	23
3.1低成本航空參與策略聯盟合作之探索性分析	23
3.1.1因素變數	23
3.1.2因素特性分析	27
3.2低成本航空參與聯盟合作前後之影響分析	28
3.2.1差異中之差異分析(DiD)	28
3.2.2傾向分數配對模式(PSM)	32
第四章、低成本航空合作之影響因素分析	34
4.1全球低成本航空之敘述性統計分析	34
4.2 Probit迴歸模式探討低成本航空參與不同聯盟合作之影響因素	41
4.2.1低成本航空公司參與聯運協定之影響因素	41
4.2.2低成本航空公司參與共用班號之影響因素	44
4.2.3低成本航空公司同時參與聯運和共用班號協定之影響因素	47
4.2.4低成本航空公司參與不同聯盟合作之影響因素	50
4.2.5低成本航空公司參與不同合作型態之管理意涵	51
4.3 PSM與DiD模式探討低成本航空合作前後之影響	53
第五章、結論與建議	63
5.1結論	63
5.2建議	65
參考文獻	67
附錄一 樣本航空公司	76



圖目錄
圖1.1 研究架構圖	7
圖3.1 DiD模型	30
圖4.1樣本航空公司總營收趨勢圖	56
圖4.2樣本航空公司年運量趨勢圖	56



表目錄
表2.1.1 航空聯盟相關文獻彙整表	13
表2.2.1 低成本航空相關文獻彙整表	19
表3.1.1長途航線定義彙整表	25
表3.1.2 探索性分析變數	26
表3.2.1 DiD模型說明	31
表4.1.1航空公司敘述性統計	35
表4.1.2低成本航空共用班號數量	38
表4.1.3低成本航空機隊同質性	39
表4.2.1 低成本航空參與聯運協定之影響因素	43
表4.2.2低成本航空參與共用班號之影響因素	45
表4.2.3低成本航空同時參與聯運與共用班號協定之影響因素	48
表4.2.4 航空公司機隊同質性	49
表4.2.5 低成本航空公司參與不同聯盟合作之影響因素比較表	50
表4.3.1 排除之航空公司	53
表4.3.2 傾向分數配對模式結果	55
表4.3.3 DiD樣本實驗組與控制組	57
表4.3.4樣本航空公司總營收之Durbin t檢定	58
表4.3.5樣本航空公司年運量之Durbin t檢定	58
表4.3.6參與共用班號對總營收之影響之 DiD模式	60
表4.3.7 參與共用班號對年運量之影響之DiD模式	60
表4.3.8總營收之 DiD模式最小平方估計值	61
表4.3.9年運量之 DiD模式最小平方估計值	62
表A樣本航空公司	76

中文部分
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