本論文主要研究隧道內有車子及無車子的多輸入多輸出(Multiple-Input Multiple- Output, MIMO)系統之通道容量 (Channel Capacity)。多輸入多輸出可以有效的提高無線通訊系統的通道容量，因為多輸出多輸入其通道容量與天線數量呈現線性成長，帶來高傳輸率以及高傳輸品質，藉此能提升系統傳輸率。
研究使用射線彈跳追蹤法( Ray-Tracing Model )模擬多輸入多輸出的通訊訊號傳輸情形，求得長期演進技術系統(LTE)在不同的隧道(直線、彎曲)中和三種不同發射天線角度(15度,22度,30度)以及不同接收天線間距的通道頻率響應，進一步計算相應的通道容量,也提出此系統在真實環境下會遭遇的問題利用模擬途徑計算出所需的結果。在多輸入多輸出的長期演進技術系統(MIMO-LTE)中，利用通道的正規化計算出無路徑損耗之系統通道容量。　
其次，使用空間陣列( Spatial Array, SA )天線和極化陣列( Polar Array, PA )天線部署下，對於此系統通道容量的影響，以往多輸入多輸出大部分都是採用空間陣列天線，然而在某些情況之下，極化陣列天線反而比空間陣列天線來的適合，在多輸入多輸出長期演進技術系統中傳送端、接收端皆採用兩種天線陣列探討。
本論文最後結果在直線隧道中無車子的情況下極化陣列天線的通道容量比空間陣列天的通道容量來的好,以傳送天線角度而言以15度較好,有車亦是如此。而對接收天線間距( 、5 )比較以5 公尺通道容量會來的好。而以彎曲隧道而言結果與直線一樣,但是彎曲隧道的通道容量會比直線隧道來的好,因為彎曲隧道有較好的多路徑影響。

In this thesis focuses on the research of channel capacity of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system with different transmitting angle in various tunnels with traffic. A ray-tracing technique is developed to calculate channel frequency responses in two different shape tunnels, and the channel frequency response is further used to calculate corresponding channel capacity.
The channel capacities are calculated based on the realistic environment in this thesis. The channel capacities of MIMO Long Term Evolution (MIMO-LTE) system using spatial and polar antenna arrays by different transmitting angles are computed. Numerical results show that, channel capacity of Polar Array (PA) is better than that of Spatial Array (SA)。Moreover，the capacity for transmitting angle at 15degrees is larger compared to the other angles in various tunnels

致謝	I
Abstract	V
目錄	VII
第一章 概論	1
1.1 研究背景	1
1.2 研究動機	7
1.3 研究內容簡介	9
第二章  系統理論	10
2.1 多輸入多輸出窄頻系統	10
2.2 多輸入多輸出窄頻系統通道容量	14
2.2.1 建立在 CSI-B 狀態下	14
2.2.2 建立在只有 CSI-R 狀態下	15
2.2.3 中斷容量（Outage capacity）和統計容量（Ergodic capacity）	17
　
2.3 影響MIMO容量因素	18
2.3.1 空間自由度（Spatial degree of freedom）	18
2.3.2 特徵矩陣（Eigenmatrix）和條件數目（Condition number）	19
2.3.3 空間關係（Spatial correlation）	19
2.4MIMO-LTE系統之通道容………..……………………………… 21
         2.4.1 MIMO-LTE系統之通道容………………………………… 21
        2.4.2 Channel  normalization……………………………….…22
第三章  通道計算模擬………………………………………………… …23
3.1 無線電波傳播通道分析…………………………………………..23
3.2 通道計算模型分析………………………………………………..25
3.2.1利用射線追蹤法計算頻域響應……………………………26
3.3射線彈跳追蹤法程式流程分析……………………………………29
第四章  模擬數值結果…………………………………………………….33　
4.1 模擬實驗的環境…………………………………………………..33
4.2 模擬結果分析與比較……………………………………………..38
4.2.1 比較無車直線隧道..……………………………………….38
4.2.2 比較有車直線隧道…..……………………………….........49
4.2.3  比較無車彎曲隧道……….………………………………60　
4.2.4  比較有車彎曲隧道……………………………………….71 
第五張  結論………………………………………………………………82　
參考資料……………………………………………………………………84

圖目錄

圖1.1  SISO, SIMO, MISO和MIMO示意圖……………………………......2
圖1.2 多輸入多輸出系統通道模型示意圖…………………………………5
圖2.1 多輸入多輸出窄頻系統矩陣示意圖……………………………......10
圖2.2 多輸入多輸出窄頻系統示意圖…………………………………......12
圖2.3 建立在 CSI-B 狀態下多輸入多輸出窄頻系統的等效架構圖........13
圖3.1 求得通道頻率響應………………………………………………......25
圖3.2 SBR/Image 程式流程圖…………………………………………......32
圖4.1(a)直線隧道沒有車子的頂視圖…………………………………......35
圖4.1(b)直線隧道有車子頂視圖………………………………………......35
圖4.2(a)彎曲隧道沒有車子頂視圖……………………………………......36
圖4.2(b)彎曲隧道有車子頂視圖………………………………………......36
圖4.3(a)空間陣列示意圖……………………………………………….......37
圖4.3(b)極化陣列示意圖……………………………………………….......37
圖4.4(a)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖…………………………….41

圖4.4(b)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖……………………….....42
圖4.5(a)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖…………………………….43
圖4.5(b)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖……………………….....44
圖4.6(a)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖………………………….45
圖4.6(b)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖……………………….46
圖4.7(a)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖………………………….47
圖4.7(b)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖……………………….48
圖4.8(a)直線隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖…………………………….52
圖4.8(b)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖………………………….53
圖4.9(a) 直線隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………….54
圖4.9(b)直線隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 公尺和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖………………………….55
圖4.10(a) 直線隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖…………………………….56圖4.10(b) 直線隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射角度的距離對通道容量比較圖………………………………….57
圖4.11(a) 直線隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖…………………………….58圖4.11(b) 直線隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射角度的距離對通道容量比較圖…………………………………59
圖4.12(a) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………….63
圖4.12(b) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量比較圖……….………………………64
圖4.13(a) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………….65
圖4.13(b) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量比較圖………………………………66
圖4.14(a) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖………………………...….67
圖4.14(b) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖………………………....68
圖4.15(a) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖………………………...….69
圖4.15(b) 彎曲隧道中無車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量的比較圖………………………....70
圖4.16(a) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………….74
圖4.16(b) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量比較圖……………………………….75
圖4.17(a) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………….76
圖4.17(b) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距 和三種不同發射天線角度的距離對通道容量比較圖……………………………….77
圖4.18(a) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………78圖4.18(b) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-SA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射角度的距離對通道容量比較圖.....................................................79
圖4.19(a) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射天線角度的平均通道容量的比較圖……………………………80圖4.19(b) 彎曲隧道中有車情況下MIMO-PA在接收天線間距5 和三種不同發射角度的距離對通道容量比較圖…………………………………81

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