機車是台灣日常使用最為普遍的運具，雖然駕駛機車具危險性，由於機車的便利性，機車仍是很重要的交通工具。許多高齡者在日常活動中使用機車為運具，尤其是大眾運輸服務不足的地區。有許多嚴重的交通事故是發生在路段上，但很少研究探討路段事故發生原因，本研究利用內政部警政署民國95年至民國99年道路交通事故資料庫，分析高齡機車駕駛者路段事故，以了解高齡機車駕駛者路段事故的主要事故特性。高齡機車駕駛者路段交通事故共計22,861人次(32.3%)，其中以雙車事故17,813人次(78%)比例最高。本研究進一步分析雙車事故之碰撞分析，分析結果發現路段上之主要三種事故類型為同向擦撞、側撞與追撞，另外並利用雙方當事者的車輛行動狀態（直行、橫越道路、迴轉）和車損位置，推估事故發生情況。此外，路段主要分隔型態共15類，本研究應用分類樹分析方法合併碰撞類型同質之分隔型態，分析結果顯示，高齡機車與小型車事故分隔型態歸為四類，機車與其他機車事故的分隔型態歸為三類。依據事故分析結果，本研究彙整高齡駕駛者在路段應特別注意的交通安全觀念，希望能提高他們的機車安全駕駛觀念，幫助他們避免交通事故的發生。

In Taiwan, motorcycles are a popular mode of transportation. Although motorcycles are a dangerous transportation mode, they still play an important role because they are a convenient means of transportation. Numerous seniors ride motorcycles for their daily activities, especially in rural areas where public transportation is infrequent or nonexistent. There have been numerous serious accidents involving senior motorcyclists occurring in straight lanes, but there are few studies investigating the causalities for this type of accident. This study aims to identify the accident characteristics for senior motorcyclists by analyzing crash data involving elderly motorcyclists from 2006 through 2010. In total, 22,861 (32.3 %) senior motorcyclists were involved in accidents occurring in straight lanes, and 17,813 (78%) of these were two-vehicle accidents. We investigate two-vehicle accidents to understand their accident characteristics, and our results show that the three major accident types in straight lanes are the following: the sideswipe accident not resulting from an improper turn, the sideswipe accident resulting from an improper turn and the rear-end accident. This study use the results of Classification tree to find out four major road configurations types of the accidents between older motorcyclists and small vehicles ,and also three major road configurations types of   the accidents between motorcycles. Based on the analysis results, we provide a summary of safety concepts for senior motorcyclists to increase their safety awareness and help them avoid traffic accidents.

目錄
摘要	Ⅰ
目錄	V
圖目錄	VI
表目錄	VII
第一章	緒論	1
1.1 研究動機與目的	1
1.2 研究範圍	3
1.3 研究架構	3
第二章	文獻回顧	5
2.1 高齡者機車問題	5
2.2 肇事事故相關研究	6
2.3 高齡者生理特性	7
2.4 事故分析方法	10
2.5 小結	14
第三章	研究方法	15
3.1 事故資料分析程序	15
3.2 變數設定與分析方法	17
第四章	高齡者路段特性分析	21
4.1 名詞釋義	21
4.2 路段事故基本特性分析	23
4.3 路段事故類型與分隔型態分析	30
4.4 路段事故雙車碰撞分析	40
4.5 事故特性彙整與教育安全重點	52
第五章	應用分類樹探討雙車事故之分隔型態分群分析	56
第六章	結論與建議	65
附錄	68
參考文獻	83

圖目錄
圖1.2. 1研究流程圖	4
圖3.1. 1事故資料庫處理程序	15
圖3.1. 2事故資料分析程序	16
圖3.2. 1事故相關要素組合	17
圖4.2. 1高齡者路段事故時段趨勢	25
圖5.2. 1高齡者機車與小型車事故分類樹(第一層)	57
圖5.2. 2高齡者機車與小型車事故分類樹(第二層Ⅰ)	58
圖5.2. 3高齡者機車與其他小型車事故分類樹(第二層Ⅱ)	59
圖5.2. 4高齡者機車與其他小型車事故分類樹(第二層Ⅲ)	60
圖5.2. 5高齡者機車與其他機車事故分類樹(第一層)	61
圖5.2. 6高齡者機車與其他機車事故分類樹(第二層Ⅰ)	62
圖5.2. 7高齡者機車與其他機車事故分類樹(第二層Ⅱ)	63
附表 1分隔島-分道線-快慢線的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	68
附表 2分隔島-分道線-無的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	69
附表 3分隔島-分道線-其他的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	70
附表 4分向限制線(雙黃線)-分道線-快慢線的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	71
附表 5分向限制線(雙黃線)-分道線-無的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	72
附表 6分向限制線(雙黃線)-無-快慢線的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	73
附表 7分向限制線(雙黃線)-無-無的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	74
附表 8分向限制線(雙黃線)-其他-其他的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	75
附表 9分向線(黃虛線)-分道線-快慢線的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	76
附表 10向線(黃虛線)-分道線-無的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	77
附表 11分向線(黃虛線)-無-快慢線的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	78
附表 12分向線(黃虛線)-無-無的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	79
附表 13分向線(黃虛線)-其他-其他的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	80
附表 14無分向-無-無的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	81
附表 15無分向-其他-其他的縣市別與碰撞類型之事故次數	82

表目錄
表1.1. 1高齡者事故運具類別分析	1
表1.1. 2道路型態事故數	2
表2.3. 1高齡者生理與心理特性對交通安全的影響	9
表2.4. 1探討事故當事者受傷嚴重性影響因素之統計分析方法	11
表2.4. 2探討事故次數或事故率之統計分析方法	11
表2.4. 3事故影響變數彙整表	12
表4.1. 1內政部警政署事故資料變數定義	21
表4.1. 1內政部警政署事故資料變數定義(續)	21
表4.2. 1高齡者機車事故不同道路型態與號誌管制下死傷情形分析	23
表4.2. 2高齡者機車駕駛者路段事故年齡層與受傷情形分析	24
表4.2. 3路段事故涉入車輛數之死傷情形	26
表4.2. 4路段雙車事故之涉入車種	26
表4.2. 5機車路段事故之不同年齡層的個人肇因事故次數百分比	27
表4.2. 6高齡者機車路段單車自撞事故之個人肇因	28
表4.2. 7高齡者機車路段雙車事故之不同年齡層個人肇因	29
表4.2. 8高齡者雙車事故之當事者別之個人肇因分析	29
表4.3. 1單車自撞事故之事故類型與死傷情形分析	31
表4.3. 2單車自撞事故之分隔型態與死傷情形分析	33
表4.3. 3高齡者駕駛機車與小型車事故型態之死傷情形分析	35
表4.3. 4高齡者駕駛機車與其他機車碰撞型態之死傷情形分析	35
表4.3. 5高齡者機車雙車事故分隔型態之死傷情形	36
表4.3. 6高齡者機車雙事故分隔型態與碰撞型態分析	38
表4.3. 7高齡者機車雙事故之改善優先順序	39
表4.4. 1高齡者駕駛機車與小型車同向擦撞之雙車行進方向	41
表4.4. 2高齡者機車直行與小型車直行之車損分析(同向擦撞)	41
表4.4. 3高齡者機車直行與小型車超車之車損分析(同向擦撞)	42
表4.4. 4高齡者機車直行與小型車起步與靜止之車損分析(同向擦撞)	42
表4.4. 5高齡者與小型車側撞之雙車行進方向	43
表4.4. 6高齡者機車左轉/迴轉或橫越與小型車直行之車損分析(側撞)	44
表4.4. 7高齡者機車直行與小型車左轉與迴轉或橫越之車損分析(側撞)	44
表4.4. 8高齡者與小型車追撞之雙車行進方向	45
表4.4. 9高齡者機車直行與小型車直行之車損分析(追撞)	46
表4.4. 10高齡者與其他機車同向擦撞之雙車行進方向	47
表4.4. 11高齡者機車直行與其他機車直行之車損分析(同向擦撞)	48
表4.4. 12高齡者機車直行與其他機車超車之車損分析(同向擦撞)	48
表4.4. 13高齡者與其他機車同向擦撞之雙車行進方向	49
表4.4. 14高齡者機車左轉與迴轉或橫越與其他機車直行之車損分析(側撞)	50
表4.4. 15高齡者與其他機車追撞之雙車行進方向	51
表4.4. 16高齡者機車直行與其他機車直行之車損分析(追撞)	51
表4.5. 1側撞事故之高齡駕駛者危險行為與事故肇因彙整	53
表4.5. 2同向擦撞之高齡駕駛者危險行為與事故肇因彙整	55
表4.5. 3追撞之高齡駕駛者危險行為與事故肇因之彙整	55

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