過去幾年，工會組織成為了爭相討論的議題之一，由於在自由市場的經濟體系下，勞工以勞力換取工資，但面對資方經濟上的強勢，勞工相當難以取得與資方立於相互平等的地位，勞工卻沒有相對應的手段來爭取或提升自己的勞動條件，勞工唯一能做的就是團結彼此，形成一股對抗力量，組建工會。但全世界大多數國家參與工會人數的比例不斷下降，直至2016年加入工會比例來到歷史低點，本文將探討工會是否有保障工人的基本權利與對所得分配是否有實質性的幫助。本文依循Chang et al.(2007)的架構，將工會區分為以「就業量」或「工資」為導向，商品與勞動市場皆為不完全競爭，家計效用函數依循García-Peñalosa and Turnovsky(2006)對於勞動休閒內生化的設定，去探討工會議價能力、中間財市場競爭程度、所得稅率與失業救濟金比例對經濟成長、所得不均度與勞動供給的效果進行分析。
本論文獲得以下結論：(1)工會議價能力越高，會提升經濟成長率與總工作時數，而且會改善所得不均度，至於對失業率的影響取決於工會導向。(2)市場競爭程度越高，廠商越具有獨佔力，對總工作時數與經濟成長率有不利的影響，但是對於與所得不均度是不確定的，而失業率的影響會因工會的導向而有所不同。(3)所得稅率的提高，會不利於總工作時數與經濟成長率，對於失業率與所得不均度的影響則是不確定的。(4)失業救濟金比例的提高會使失業率增加、工時增加，而工時與就業量的影響相互抵消，對總工作時數並沒有影響，經濟成長率與所得不均的程度亦是沒有影響的。

Recently, the trade union organizations have become one of the topics that have been discussed. However, the United States’ union membership ratio has reached the lowest level in 2016. This article follows the framework of Chang et al. (2007), which divides labor unions into “employment” or “wage” orientations. Both goods and labors market are incompletely competition. Analyze the effect of unionization on economic growth and income distribution through the efficiency bargaining model
    The following conclusions are found in this study：(1)The higher union bargaining power will increase total working hours, economic growth, and even improve income inequality. The effect on the unemployment rate depends on the direction of the union.(2)The higher degree of market competition which stand for firms holding monopoly power make a negative impact on total working hours and economic growth, but affect uncertainly on income inequality. The effect on the unemployment rate depends on the direction of the union.(3)The increase in the income tax rate will be detrimental to the total working hours and economic growth, but the impact on the unemployment rate and income inequality will be uncertain.(4) The increase in the proportion of unemployment benefits will increase the unemployment rate and the working hours, while the impact of working hours and employment will offset each other, so it won’t affect the total working hours. Hence, it’s effect on economic growth and income inequality is neutral.

第一章、緒論	1
1.1研究動機與目的	1
1.2本文架構	6
第二章、模型架構	7
2.1生產部門	7
2.1.1最終財部門	7
2.1.2中間財部門	8
2.2工會部門	9
2.3效率談判	9
2.4家計部門	10
2.5政府部門	12
2.6競爭均衡	12
2.7所得分配	16
第三章、政策效果分析	19
第四章、結論	24
附錄	25
參考文獻	29


圖目錄
圖 1、美國工會成員比例	1
圖 2、已開發國家與新興國家吉尼係數	4

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