近年來，隨著網路與通訊技術的創新及微機電與嵌入式技術的進步，物聯網(Internet of Things, IoT)的相關應用已逐漸受到關注。透過這些技術，感測、辨識與通訊能力已可嵌入於日常生活中的各種實體設備或與其高度整合，使這些設備成為具有基本智能的智慧物件。因此，物聯網應用在近期已受到世界各國的關注，並投入大量的資源從事研發與推廣。然而，在物聯網的世界裡，同一個空間中可能存在使用不同通訊協定 (如Wi-Fi、ZigBee等) 的智慧物件，若是沒有相對應的特殊處理，可能導致傳輸干擾的問題產生，其根本的原因在於兩相異之通訊協定(802.11與802.15.4)使用同一免費頻段(2.4GHz)進行傳輸，較易造成封包傳輸間的碰撞，進而拉低整體網路傳輸效率。有鑒於此，本論文主要將現有之Wi-Fi基地台結合ZigBee標準，研發一兼具連結網際網路能力及ZigBee通訊功能之無線訊號轉換之基地台，並探討及分析當Wi-Fi與ZigBee於同時間通訊情況下之網路效能。藉由韌體的更新，將原本的無線基地台從網際網路的產品提升為物聯網基地台，使其扮演連結感知層與網路層設備的重要角色。

In recent years, the network communication and the micro electro mechanical embedded technologies have attracted much attention. Through these technologies, the capabilities of sensing, identification, and communication can be embedded in various physical devices which automatically connect to the Internet and form a big network called Internet of Things (IoT). However, the IoT devices are embedded with different wireless communication interfaces. The most popular interfaces are Wi-Fi and ZigBee. This thesis presents the design and implementation of an IoT Access Point which supports functionalities of coordination of WiFi and ZigBee standards. Based on the existing Wi-Fi Access Point, we have embedded a ZigBee module and implemented the ZigBee protocol such that the designed Access Point can support ZigBee communication capabilities. The designed IoT Access Point can connect to both Internet and home appliances and provide remote access, remote control, and other services for the home appliances. To handle the common interference existed between WiFi and ZigBee protocols, this thesis developed a dynamic channel selection scheme which selects the best channel for constructing ZigBee networks under the coordination of WiFi channel detection. Performance results reveal that the designed IoT Access Point could efficiently improve the link quality, packet error rate, and ZigBee response time.

目錄
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章、簡介 1
第二章、相關研究 5
第三章、背景知識 10
A.IEEE 802.15.4(ZigBee) technology 10
B.IEEE 802.11B(Wi-Fi) technology 11
C.Wi-Fi與ZigBee共存問題 12
第四章、物聯網無線基地台系統架構 13
4.1 使用環境 13
4.2 物聯網無線基地台之功能介紹 14
4.3 系統架構 16
第五章、系統設計 20
5.1 Wi-Fi頻道干擾偵測 22
A.物聯網無線基地台預建表格 22
B.物聯網無線基地台頻道偵測推薦 26
5.2 ZigBee頻道探測與設定機制 28
第六章、系統實作 31
第七章、系統展示 46
第八章、系統效能分析 53
8.1 實驗環境 53
8.2 實驗數據 55
第九章、結論 66
參考文獻 67
附錄-英文論文 71

圖目錄
圖1.Wi-Fi及ZigBee頻譜重疊示意圖 12
圖2.物聯網無線基地台建置於智慧生活之場景 14
圖3.物聯網無線基地台之系統架構 17
圖4.ZigBee頻道偵測與設定機制流程圖 30
圖5.CeraMicro ZigBee收發器相關硬體資訊 31
圖6.Ralink RT3052相關硬體資訊 32
圖7.物聯網無線基地台之軟韌體模組 33
圖8.抓取USB裝置代號示意圖 34
圖9.ZigBee裝置回傳之RSSI與LQI 36
圖10.XML Generator函式轉換後之XML檔案 37
圖11.ZigBee裝置之對應檔案資訊 38
圖12.使用者對ZigBee裝置知詳細操控流程 40
圖13.UPnP執行流程圖 42
圖14.UPnP擷取資訊 44
圖15.物聯網無線基地台之軟韌體模組 46
圖16.Power Meter硬體相關資訊 47
圖17.Power Switch相關硬體資訊 49
圖18.UPnP掃描ZigBee裝置資訊 51
圖19.透過標準HTTP控制Power Switch開關 52
圖20.物聯網無線基地台效能測試之環境設置 54
圖21.不同無線基地台個數下所選擇到之頻率偏移量比較 56
圖22.不同Wi-Fi吞吐量下對ZigBee封包遺失率的影響 57
圖23.ZigBee裝置與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離，在不同Wi-Fi吞吐量下對ZigBee網路連線品質的影響 58
圖24.ZigBee裝置與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離，在不同Wi-Fi吞吐量下對ZigBee封包遺失率的影響 59
圖25.ZigBee裝置與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離，在不同Wi-Fi吞吐量下對ZigBee裝置回應時間的影響 60
圖26.ZigBee裝置與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離，在不同ZigBee封包傳輸週期下對ZigBee封包遺失率的影響 62
圖27.ZigBee網路在Wi-Fi干擾程度為20%環境中，Wi-Fi干擾源與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離對ZigBee封包遺失率的影響 63
圖28.ZigBee網路在Wi-Fi干擾程度為50%環境中，Wi-Fi干擾源與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離對ZigBee封包遺失率的影響 64
圖29.ZigBee網路在Wi-Fi干擾程度為100%環境中，Wi-Fi干擾源與物聯網無線基地台之間的距離對ZigBee封包遺失率的影響 65

表目錄
表1.Wi-Fi與ZigBee之頻率偏移量對照表 24
表2.頻道群集對照表 26
表3.ZigBee裝置回應命令型態對照表 38
表4.ZigBee協調器命令封包結構 48
表5.Power Meter命令回傳封包結構 48
表6.ZigBee協調器命令封包結構 50
表7.Power Switch命令回傳封包結構 50

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