系統識別號 | U0002-2906201217182600 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2012.01278 |
論文名稱(中文) | 歐洲聯盟對卡特爾管制行政程序之研析-兼論LCD和DRAM卡特爾案 |
論文名稱(英文) | The Analysis of the Administrative Procedure of EU Cartel Regulation - LCD and DRAM Cartels as Examples |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 歐洲研究所碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Graduate Institute of European Studies |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 100 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 101 |
研究生(中文) | 謝振庭 |
研究生(英文) | Jen-Ting Hsieh |
學號 | 699290036 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2012-06-13 |
論文頁數 | 154頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
曾秀珍
共同指導教授 - 苑倚曼 委員 - 林江峰 委員 - 郭秋慶 委員 - 曾秀珍 |
關鍵字(中) |
歐盟競爭法 卡特爾 寬恕減免方案 LCD DRAM |
關鍵字(英) |
EU competition law cartel leniency programme LCD DRAM |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
卡特爾(cartel)為寡占市場下產生之商業組織,其聯合壟斷價格、限制產出、瓜分市場,以消除事業間彼此競爭,進而讓消費者權利受損。除此之外,無須彼此競爭的企業更失去研發新產品之動力,為經濟效益帶來損失。為此,歐盟競爭法近年來已將卡特爾列為重點管制目標。 尤於卡特爾隱匿特性,歐盟採用寬恕減免方案(leniency programme),以卡特爾成員中第一位向歐盟執委會自陳者罰鍰全免為誘因,鼓勵企業揭發自身參與之卡特爾。除此之外,執委會希望寬恕減免方案能同和解程序(settlement procedure)一併使用,冀望卡特爾成員能積極配合,加速執委會結案。 LCD 和 DRAM 屬於高科技產業,其製造商集中於台、日、韓幾家製造商手中,屬於寡占市場。其事業為避免競爭壓力而以秘密協議之方式,聯合壟斷 LCD 及 DRAM 市場。經人為哄抬價格後的 LCD 與 DRAM 兩項產品外銷至包含歐盟在內的全球市場,因而對歐盟內部市場帶來不良影響,故適用歐盟競爭法。本文以上述兩案為例,闡述歐盟競爭法如何適用於此兩案件。 |
英文摘要 |
A cartel, which rises from the oligopolistic markets, is a business organization that fixes prices, limits outputs or shares the market in order to eliminate competition among competing undertakings to the detriment of customers. In addition, having undertakings free from competition in a given market amounts to the lack of incentives for them to innovate and the whole economy suffers at the end. In response to this negative phenomenon, the EU competition law has made regulating cartels one of its priorities in the recent decades. Due to the secretive nature of cartels, the EU adopts the leniency programme as a mean to encourage the cartel members to whistle-blow and admit liability to the EU Commission in order to gain immunity from fines. In addition, the Commission hopes the settlement procedure can work hand in hand with the leniency programme so as to provide incentives for cartel members to cooperate and accelerate the closing of the case. The making of LCD and DRAM can be regarded as a high-tech industry, whose manufacturers are highly concentrated in the hands of few Taiwanese, Japanese and Korean undertakings and thus the market constitutes as an oligopolistic market. The undertakings in both industries fixed prices and limited output of the products in a secretive agreement for fear of fierce competition. The conduct triggered the application of EU competition law because the products with artificially high prices were sold into global market, including the EEA, bringing a negative impact to it. The article illustrates how the two cartel cases fit into the category of the violation of EU competition law. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
第一章 緒論1 第一節 研究動機與的1 第二節 研究方法與途徑2 第三節 文獻評論4 第四節 研究範圍與限制12 一、 研究範圍12 二、 研究限制13 第五節 章節安排與研究架構14 第二章 卡特爾之發展與立法管制17 第一節 卡特爾之形成與發展18 一、 市場經濟四大結構18 二、 寡占市場下卡特爾之發展21 三、 卡特爾對經濟帶來的負面效應26 第二節 主管機關對卡特爾之管制態度29 一、 現今受美國影響的全球管制態度29 二、 歐洲以德國為首的管制態度演變31 第三節 小結37 第三章 歐盟競爭法下的卡特爾管制程序規範39 第一節 歐盟卡特爾相關法律規範39 一、 歐盟競爭法對卡特爾所認定之構成要件39 二、 歐盟法之法律效力44 第二節 行政與司法機關之權力與合作46 一、 執委會權限來源47 二、 會員國競爭官署及法院之角色50 第三節 歐盟卡特爾管制程序54 一、 展開偵察55 二、 和解程序62 三、 涉案事業表達立場64 四、 執委會罰則65 五、 進入司法程序67 第四節 歐盟卡特爾管制對自然人之可能影響68 一、 對自然人之基本權利保障68 二、 歐盟卡特爾管制刑事化之可能71 第五節 小結73 第四章 歐盟卡特爾管制規範之適用-LCD與DRAM卡特爾之案例分析75 第一節 LCD與DRAM產業與法律分析75 一、 涉案事業卡特爾產業分析75 二、 歐盟競爭法對LCD和DRAM卡特爾之法律效力79 第二節 LCD與DRAM案程序規範80 一、 LCD與DRAM卡特爾成員申請寬恕減免方案80 二、 執委會偵察程序81 三、 和解程序在DRAM案上之適用82 四、 執委會行政罰84 第三節 LCD與DRAM兩案對台灣產業之啟示94 一、 事前宣導與事業內部法令擬訂95 二、 實際執行96 三、 事後補救96 第四節 小結96 第五章 結論99 參考文獻102 附件一:. 2003年第1號理事會對於施行TFEU第101、102條競爭規範規規112 附件二:各會員國競爭官署152 附表目次 (表1-1) 文獻評論表5 (表2-1)囚犯兩難模型下解釋事業的定價策略23 (表2-2)囚犯兩難模型下解釋事業的產出策略24 (表4-1)LCD卡特爾在涉案其間售入歐洲經濟區之銷售額85 (表4-2)LCD卡特爾之涉案期限及罰鍰乘數86 (表4-3)LCD案涉案事業罰鍰之總基礎額度88 (表4-4)LCD案罰鍰89 (表4-5)DRAM案涉案事業之銷售額90 (表4-6)DRAM案涉案事業之涉案年限及罰鍰乘數92 (表4-7)DRAM案涉案事業之罰鍰基礎額度93 (表4-8)DRAM案罰鍰94 附圖目次 (圖1-1)論文研究架構圖16 (圖2-1) 市場經濟四大結構19 (圖2-2)無謂損失之模型27 (圖2-3)歐盟競爭法體系37 (圖3-1)卡特爾管制程序55 |
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