系統識別號 | U0002-2906201214361700 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2012.01274 |
論文名稱(中文) | 估算信任值:一個社會網絡的視角 |
論文名稱(英文) | Estimating Trust Value: A Social Network Perspective |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 企業管理學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Business Administration |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 100 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 101 |
研究生(中文) | 狄愛林 |
研究生(英文) | Arleen Nicole Diaz Castillo |
學號 | 699611025 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | 繁體中文 |
口試日期 | 2012-06-09 |
論文頁數 | 77頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
張瑋倫(wlc.allen@gmail.com)
委員 - 解燕豪(yhhsiehs@gmail.com) 委員 - 許瑋元(carolhsu@ntu.edu.tw) |
關鍵字(中) |
信任 社會網絡 集群 自組織映射圖網路 網路建議系統 社會媒體 |
關鍵字(英) |
Trust social network clustering SOM ORS social media |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
資訊負荷已成為現今資訊時代的一大問題,在資訊量成長快速的狀況下,資訊過 濾的方式也叫無效率。另一方面,社會網絡中的使用者越來越傾向將網路上的內容排 序。本研究主要目的在探討是否可衡量社會網絡中的信任值,以及透過分群的方式是 否能有效協助分析。此外,本研究也提出信任值計算模式,此模式以社會網絡以及線 上評分系統為基礎。本研究透過社會距離的概念,輔以分群法為基礎協助區隔社會網 絡中的個體。並以分群後的個體間距離為信任值推算基礎。 研究結果顯示透過分群法應用在社會網絡中,是能夠推算出信任值。本研究所 提出的模式結合了不同變數如時間變數與評分值的概念,在計算信任值上以多維度的 角度來思考。研究結果也顯示較高的評分結合較短的社會距離夠產生較高的信任值, 較低的評分結合較長的社會距離則產生較低的信任值。這也證明了社會網絡中社會距 離的影響性。縱言之,本研究主要提供了多維度的信任值推算模式,主要考量變數包 含社會距離、權重、時間以及內容評分值,此外,不同層級的個體關係也有不同的重 要性。本研究期望對於社會網絡中信任的概念文獻提供初步的基礎,並且也提供在資 訊爆炸時代下資訊過濾方式的一個新思維。 |
英文摘要 |
Information overload is an increasing problem, and as information available continues to grow in volume, current filtering techniques are proving inefficient. Social network users and people in general, tend to prioritize recommendations coming from people they are acquainted to. The purpose of this study was to investigate if it was possible to measure trust within individuals in a social network, as well as find out if data clustering methods could help to achieve said goal. Another aim was to develop a trust model that would estimate a trust value for content creators on an online rating system with social network capabilities. This research introduces the concept of social distance, which is drawn from clustering methods applied to the social network user base; and incorporates said distance in the estimation of trust, as well as user generated ratings. The trust value estimated will serve as a metric for filtering and sorting content of any kind based on the trustworthiness of the creator. The results of the study revealed that it is possible to provide an estimate measure of trust within individuals in a social network and that clustering methods were of significant help into said evaluation as well as the integration of other variables affecting the building of trust. It was found that the model proposed by this study was able to integrate various variables and provide a more complete and integrated, multidimensional value to an estimated trust. Results also showed, that higher rating scores combined with shorter social distances provide satisfactory trust values, while the opposite happened for subjects presenting lower rating scores in combination with longer distances. The principal conclusion was that our model provides a multidimensional estimated value for trust on content from the Internet, that integrates some of the variables necessary for the building of trust in online setting, as are: social distance, weight of relationship, time, and ratings from an online rating system; as well trust levels between individuals within a social network. This study contributes to the current literature on trust estimation and social networks role in such endeavors. This will provide also an alternative for current information overload issues as well. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
Table Content Ⅱ Figure Content Ⅲ Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 The Problem of Information Overload 1 1.1.2 The importance of Social Media 3 1.1.3 Social media and consumer behavior 4 1.1.4 The concept of trust 8 1.2 Problem statement 10 1.3 Research questions 12 1.4 Purpose of the study 13 1.5 Value of the study 14 Chapter 2: Literature Review 16 2.1 Collaborative Filtering Algorithms 16 1.2.1 Online Recommender Systems (ORS) 16 1.2.2 Collaborative Filtering and Social Networks 17 2.2 Trust issues and Social Networks 18 2.2.1 Trust models within Social Networks 19 2.2.2 Common issues for Trust Models 19 2.3 Clustering Techniques 20 Chapter 3: Research Method 22 3.1 Research Framework 22 3.1.1 Self-Organization Maps (SOM) 24 3.1.2 The Social Network 27 3.2 The Trust Model 27 3.2.1 Social Distance 28 3.2.1.1 Calculation of social distance 29 3.2.2 The relationship between social distance and rating score 30 3.2.3 The Estimated Trust Value (ETV) 31 3.2.4 Measure of the weight variable w and the rating R 33 Chapter 4: Analysis 36 4.1 Settings for simulation 36 4. 1.1 Ranges for other variables 38 4.1.2 User alternatives 39 4.2 User Option 1 Results 43 4.2.1 User Option 1 Original Data 43 4.2.2 User Option 1 Clustering Results 44 4.2.2.1 User Option 1 Cluster #1 46 4.2.2.2 User Option 1 Cluster #2 46 4.2.2.3 User Option 1 Cluster #3 47 4.2.3 User Option 1 ETV Results 47 4.3 User Option 2 Results 49 II 4.3.1 User Option 2 Original Data 49 4.3.2 User Option 2 Clustering Results 51 4.3.2.1 User Option 2 Cluster #1 52 4.3.2.2 User Option 2 Cluster #2 53 4.3.2.3 User Option 2 Cluster #3 53 4.3.3 User Option 2 ETV Results 54 4.4 User Option 3 Results 55 4.4.1 User Option 3 Original Data 55 4.4.2 User Option 3 Clustering Results 57 4.4.2.1 User Option 3 Cluster #1 59 4.4.2.2 User Option 3 Cluster #2 60 4.4.2.3 User Option 3 Cluster #3 60 4.4.3 User Option 3 ETV Results 61 Chapter 5: Concluding Remarks 63 5.1 Cross Analysis 63 5.2 Conclusion 68 5.3 Managerial Implications 70 5.4 Research Limitations 71 References 73 Table Content Table 4.1 Summary User Attributes Ranges 37 Table 4.2 User option #1 attributes 40 Table 4.3 User option #1 “network of friends” sample ranges 41 Table 4.4 User option #2 attributes 41 Table 4.5 User option #2 “network of friends” sample ranges 42 Table 4.6 User option #3 attributes 42 Table 4.7 User option #3 “network of friends” sample ranges 43 Table 4.8 Attributes and ranges for User Option 1 43 Table 4.9 User Option 1 cluster means results 45 Table 4.10 User Option 1 cluster results 45 Table 4.11 User Option 1 ΣETV results by cluster 48 Table 4.12 User Option 1 variable results by cluster 48 Table 4.13 Attributes and ranges for User Option 2 49 Table 4.14 User Option 2 cluster means results 51 Table 4.15 User Option 2 cluster results 52 Table 4.16 User Option 2 ΣETV results by cluster 54 Table 4.17 User Option 2 variable results by cluster 55 Table 4.18 Attributes and ranges for User Option 3 56 Table 4.19 User Option 3 cluster means results 58 Table 4.20 User Option 3 cluster results 58 Table 4.21 User Option 3 ΣETV results by cluster 61 Table 4.22 User Option 3 variable results by cluster 61 Table 5.1 User options results for variable rb 63 Table 5.2 User option results for ETV 64 Table 5.3 User option results for all variables and ETV 65 Table 5.4 Average Σd and ETV values for each user option 66 Table 5.5 Average Σrb variable values and ETV for each user option 67 Figure Content Figure 1.1. The increase on information vs. the amount of information we are able to process. 1 Figure 1.2. Diagram of the uneven proportions of information. 3 Figure 1.3. Top 10 U.S. Social Networks and Blogs >> Unique Audience 4 Figure 1.4. Consumers’ preference for sources of product and service information. 6 Figure 3.1. Research Framework 23 Figure 3.2 Concept of Self-Organization Maps 24 Figure 3.3 Examples of topological neighborhood (N,(t)) on an SOM 25 Figure 3.4 Representation of a three-dimensional grid-like SOM 25 Figure 3.5 Concept of Best Matching Unit (BMU) in learning process. 26 Figure 3.6 Type of data that will be collected from the SN 28 Figure 3.7 Step-by-step processes for the calculation of Social Distance 29 Figure 3.8 Representation of clusters in a data set. 30 Figure 3.9 Diagram of ETV variables 33 Figure 3.10 Rating System diagram and point values for R 34 Figure 4.1. Users attributes 37 Figure 4.2. User Attributes Ranges 37 Figure 4.3 SOM clusters for User Option 1 45 Figure 4.4 SOM clusters for User Option 2 51 Figure 4.5 SOM clusters for User Option 3 58 Figure 5.1 Average Σrb values for each user option 64 Figure 5.2 Average distances by user option 66 Figure 5.3 Average ETV by user option 67 |
參考文獻 |
References Abdul-Rahman, A., & Hailes, S. (1997). A Distributed Trust Model. (T. Haigh, B. Blakley, M. E. Zurbo, & C. Meodaws, Eds.)Proceedings of the 1997 workshop on New security paradigms NSPW 97, 48-60. ACM Press. Barabasi, A.-L., Apr. 2003. Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means, reissue Edition. Plume. http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0452284392 Bobadilla, J., Serradilla, F., & Bernal, J. (2010). A new collaborative filtering metric that improves the behavior of recommender systems. Knowledge-Based Systems, 23(6), 520-528. Elsevier B.V. Breese, J. S., Heckerman, D., & Kadie, C. (1998). Empirical Analysis of Predictive Algorithms for Collaborative Filtering. (G. Cooper & S. Moral, Eds.)Proceedings of the 14th conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 461(8), 43–52. San Francisco, CA. Caverlee, J., Liu, L., & Webb, S. (2010). The SocialTrust framework for trusted social information management: Architecture and algorithms. Information Sciences, 180(1), 95-112. Elsevier Inc. Chen, S.C., 2003. Interpreting Dimensions of Consumer Trust in E-Commerce. Information Technology and Management, 4(2-3), p.303-318. Available at: http://www.springerlink.com/index/h35834p301x325j0.pdf. comScore (2007), “Online Consumer-Generated Reviews Have Significant Impact on Offline Purchase Behavior,” press release, (November 29). http://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=1928]. DCC. (2011) The Digital Curation Centre (DCC), http://www.dcc.ac.uk Davis D., (2010). The Information Overload Paradox. The Tipping Point Labs. Retrieved from http://tippingpointlabs.com/2010/10/20/chart-of-the-week-the-information-overload-paradox/commentpage-1/ DuBois, T., Golbeck, J., Kleint, J., & Srinivasan, A. (2009). Improving Recommendation Accuracy by Clustering Social Networks with Trust. Proceedings of the ACM RecSys 2009 Workshop. Recommender Systems & the Social Web, P.8. http://www.cs.tudortmund.de/nps/de/Forschung/Publikationen/Graue_Reihe1/Ver__ffentlichungen_2009/826.pdf#page =8 Fu B., O'Sullivan D., (2007) Trust Management in Online Social Networks, In Proceedings of the 7th IT&T Conference, - Digital Convergence in a Knowledge Society, pp.3-12, ITB, Dublin, Ireland Godes, D., & Mayzlin, D. (2009). Firm-created word-of-mouth communication: evidence from a field test. Marketing Science, 28(4), 721–739. Golbeck, J. (2006). Generating Predictive Movie Recommendations from Trust in Social Networks. Work, 3986, 93-104. Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/index/KL313421W6252620.pdf Grandison, T., & Sloman, M. (2000). A survey of trust in internet applications.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 3(4), 2-16. IEEE. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=534080480 Gross, R., & Acquisti, A. (2005). Information revelation and privacy in online social networks. Human Factors, 0707(November), 71. ACM Press. Hemp, P. (2009). Death by information overload. Harvard Business Review,87(9), 82-89, 121. Harvard Business School Publication Corp. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19736853 Herbig, P. A., & Kramer, H. (1994). The Effect of Information Overload on the Innovation Choice Process: Innovation Overload. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 11(2), 45-54. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/07363769410058920 Iyengar, R., Valente, T. W., & Van den Bulte, C. (2011). Opinion Leadership and Social Contagion in New Product Diffusion. Marketing Science, 30(2), 195–212. Jin, S., Park, C., Choi, D., Chung, K., & Yoon, H. (2005). Cluster-based trust evaluation scheme in an ad hoc network. ETRI Journal, 27(4), 465-468. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 161 Gajeong-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-350, South Korea,. Kate S. (2009), “Trustworthiness within social networking sites: A study on the intersection of hci and sociology,” Master Thesis. Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 21, pp. 129-130. Free Press. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13409025 Kautz, H., Selman, B., & Shah, M. (1997). Combining Social Networks and Collaborative Filtering. Communications of the ACM, 40(3), 63-65. Kohonen, T. (1990), ‘The Self-Organizing Map’, Proceedings of the IEEE, 78(9) 1464 – 1480. Kohonen, T., Hynninen, J., Kangas, J., & Laaksonen, J. (1996). SOM PAK : The Self-Organizing Map Program Package SOM PAK : The Self-Organizing Map Program Package. Technical Report A31, Helsinki University of Technology. Lagus, K., Honkela, T., Kaski, S., & Kohonen, T. (1996). Self-organizing maps of document collections: A new approach to interactive exploration. Neural Networks, 1(2), 238-243. AAAI Press. Retrieved from https://www.aaai.org/Papers/KDD/1996/KDD96-039.pdf Lathia, N., Hailes, S., & Capra, L. (2008). Trust-based collaborative filtering.Trust Management II, 263, 299-300. SPRINGER. Lee, M., & Turban, E. 2001. A Trust Model for Consumer Internet Shopping. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 6(1): 75-91. Lewis, J. D., & Weigert, A. (1985). Trust as a Social Reality. Social Forces,63(4), 967-985. JSTOR. Liu, F., & Lee, H. J. (2010). Use of social network information to enhance collaborative filtering performance. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(7), 4772-4778. Elsevier Ltd. Liu, H., & Maes, P. (2005). InterestMap: Harvesting Social Network Profiles for Recommendations. Paper presented at the IUI’05, San Diego, California. Network.81 Lu, Y., Tsaparas, P., Ntoulas, A., & Polanyi, L. (2010). Exploiting social context for review quality prediction. Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web WWW 10, 15(4), 691. ACM Press. Ma, H., Zhou, D., Liu, C., Lyu, M. R., & King, I. (2011). Recommender systems with social regularization. (I. King, W. Nejdl, & H. Li, Eds.), 287-296. ACM Press. Massa, P., & Avesani, P. (2004). Trust-aware collaborative filtering for recommender systems. (R. Meersman & Z. Tari, Eds.)On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2004 CoopIS DOA and ODBASE, 3290, 492-508. Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/index/8BAJ2BP1HATVFGKC.pdf Massa, P., & Bhattacharjee, B. (2004). Using trust in recommender systems: an experimental analysis. (C. D. Jensen, S. Poslad, & T. Dimitrakos, Eds.)Trust Management, 2995, 221-235. Springer. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/index/TFCG7W34VF58YAWL.pdf McKnight, D., & Chervany, N. 2002. What Trust Means in E-Commerce Customer Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Conceptual Typology. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 6(2): 35-59. McKnight, D., Cummings, L., & Chervany, N. 1998. Initial Trust Formation in new Organizational Relationships. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 473-490. Melville P. & Sindhwani V., Recommender Systems. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, Claude Sammut and Geoffrey Webb (Eds), Springer, 2010. Meo, P. D., Graziella, V., Feo, L., Calabria, R., Nocera, A., Quattrone, G., Rosaci, D., et al. (2009). Finding reliable users and social networks in a social internetworking system. Social Networks, 173- 181. ACM Press. Montaner, M., Lopez, B., & De La Rosa, J. L. (2002). Developing trust in recommender agents. (M. Gini, T. Ishida, C. Castelfranchi, & W. L. Johnson, Eds.)Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems part 1 AAMAS 02, 304. ACM Press. Mui L., Mohtashemi M., Ang C., Szolovits P., Halberstadt A. (2001) "Ratings in Distributed Systems: A Bayesian Approach," Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems (WITS'2001). Nambisan, S. and Nambisan, P. (2008), “How to profit from a better virtual customer environment”, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 49 No. 3, pp. 53-61. Nielsen Media. (2011) Social Media Report: Q3 2011. Nielsen Wire. Retrieved from http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/social/ Nielsen Media. (2011) How Social Media Impacts Brand Marketing. Nielsen Wire. Retrieved from http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/consumer/how-social-media-impacts-brand-marketing/ O’Donovan, J., & Smyth, B. (2005). Trust in recommender systems. (R. J, J. A, B. D, & L. T, Eds.)Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces IUI 05, 15, 167. ACM Press. Pham, M. C., Cao, Y., Klamma, R., & Jarke, M. (2010). A Clustering Approach for Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Using Social Network Analysis. Journal Of Universal Computer Science, 17(4), 1-21. Retrieved from http://www.jucs.org/82 Prahalad, C.K. and Ramaswamy, V. (2004), “Co-creation experiences: the next practice in value creation”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 5-14. Relander, A. (2010). Trusty Mechanisms In Social Networks. Seminar on Internetworking. Aalto University School of Science and Technology. Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Retrieved from http://www.cse.hut.fi/en/publications/B/10/ Reviews, A. (2011). The Role of the Critical Review Article in Alleviating Information Overload. Annual Reviews , A Nonprofit Scientific Publisher. 1-16. Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org/userimages/ContentEditor/1300384004941/Annual_Reviews_WhitePap er_Web_2011.pdf Rousseau, D.M., Sitkin, S.B., Burt, R.S. and Camerer, C. (1998) Not so different after all: A crossdiscipline view of trust, Academy of Management Review 23(3) 393–404. Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Parallel Distributed Processing. (M. I. T. Press, Ed.) Foundations (Vol. 1, pp. 135-153). MIT Press. Ryu, Y., Kim, H. K., Cho, Y. H., & Kim, J. K. (2006). Peer-oriented content recommendation in a social network. A Paper presented at the 16th Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems (WITS 2006) Sarwar, B. M., Karypis, G., Konstan, J., & Riedl, J. (2002). Recommender Systems for Large-scale ECommerce : Scalable Neighborhood Formation Using Clustering. Communications, 50(12), 158–167. Retrieved from http://grouplens.org/papers/pdf/sarwar_cluster.pdf Sashi, C M, (2012) "Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media", Management Decision, Vol. 50 Iss: 2 Schultz T., (2011) Preface. Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Reviews , A Nonprofit Scientific Publisher. Vol. 56, 4-6 Sinha, R. and Swearingen, K. 2001. Comparing recommendations made by online systems and friends. In Proceedings of the DELOS-NSF Workshop on Personalization and Recommender Systems in Digital Libraries. Dublin, Ireland. Stanier, J., Naicken, S., Basu, A., Li, J., & Wakeman, I. (2010). Can We Use Trust in Online Dating? Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks Ubiquitous Computing and Dependable Applications, 1(4), 50-61. Takac, C., Hinz, O. & Spann, M., 2011. The social embeddedness of decision making: opportunities and challenges. Electronic Markets, 21(3), p.185-195. Available at: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s12525-011-0066-y. Tan, F. B. & Sutherland, P. (2004). Online Consumer Trust: A Multi-Dimensional Model. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 2:3, 40–58. Tan, Y., & Theon, W. 2001. Toward a Generic Model of Trust for Electronic Commerce. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 5(2): 61-74. Thackeray, R., Neiger, B.I., Hanson, C.L. and McKenzie, J.F. (2008), “Enhancing promotional strategies within social marketing programs: use of Web 2.0 social media”, Health Promotion Practice, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 338-43.83 Valente, T. W. (1995). Network models of the diffusion of innovations. Cresskill N.J.: Hampton Press. Wang J., Yin J., Liu Y., Huang, C. (2011) "Trust-based Collaborative Filtering," Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2011 Eighth International Conference on , vol.4, no., pp.2650-2654, 26-28 Yakel, E. (2007). Digital curation. OCLC Systems Services, 23(4), 335-340. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/10650750710831466 Yu, J. B., Xi, and L. F. (2008). Using an MQE chart based on a self-organizing map NN to monitor out-of-control signals in manufacturing processes. International Journal of Production Research, 46(21):5907-5933. Zhai, D., & Pan, H. (2008). A Social Network-Based Trust Model for E-Commerce. 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing, (70639002), 1-5. IEEE. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4680333 Zhao, X., Li, P., & Kohonen, T. (2011). Contextual self-organizing map: software for constructing semantic representations. Behavior Research Methods, 43(1), 77-88. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21287105 Ziegler, C.-nicolas, & Golbeck, J. (2006). Investigating Correlations of Trust and Interest Similarity - Do Birds of a Feather Really Flock Together ? Decision Support Systems, 43(2), 1-34. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.79.7225&rep=rep1&type=pdf Ziegler, C.-nicolas, & Lausen, G. (2004). Analyzing Correlation between Trust and User Similarity in Online Communities. (C. Jensen, S. Poslad, & T. Dimitrakos, Eds.)Trust Management, 2995, 251-265. Springer. |
論文全文使用權限 |
如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信