本篇論文提出一個方法，利用現有的主動式RFID設備，實作出可以在多樓層中進行無縫切換的相關定位系統。本篇論文並沒有使用複雜的三維定位技術進行研究，我們是利用現有的二維定位技術和相關硬體實作出不同樓層之間無縫切換系統的定位。我們在校園內的多樓層之間進行這項實作，切換的準則是依靠樓梯間所擺放的RFID reader接收到的信號強度值(RSSI)作為切換的依據。本論文研究的方向、目的和其他研究不同處在於，我們的重點是著重於不同樓層之間無縫切換技術，而目前還未有類似技術。我們相信這項研發可以提升相關追蹤定位系統的使用者體驗，並促進以RFID為基礎的個人導航系統之普及性。

In this research, an active RFID-based personal navigation system for multi-story indoor environments is proposed. Without using complicated three-dimensional positioning algorithms, we employ an existing two-dimensional positioning engine and equip the system with the capability of seamless positioning handoffs between different floors. The handoff process is triggered by monitoring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value observed by the RFID reader deployed in the stairway. The usefulness of the proposed system is verified by conducting an experiment in a campus building. What distinguishes our work from other related works is that we focus on the capability of seamless positioning handoffs between floors, whereas none in the literature mentioned this feature, which we regard as a key to improve user experiences.

第一章	緒論	1
1.1  研究背景和動機	1
1.2  研究目的和重要性	3
1.3  論文架構	7
第二章  相關研究	8
2.1  室內定位簡介	8
2.2  無線射頻辨識技術	13
2.2.1  無線射頻辨識技術的發展	13
2.2.2  無線射頻辨識原理	14
2.2.3  無線射頻辨識設備介紹	15
2.2.4  無線射頻辨識技術相關標準	18
2.2.5  無線射頻辨識當前的運用及室內定位運用	19
2.3  室內定位原理	25
2.4  室內定位演算法	29
2.4.1  Onion Skin Location Estimation Algorithm	29
2.4.2  LANDMARC Algorithm	30
第三章  系統架構分析與研究方法	33
3.1  系統架構	33
3.2  RSSI與LQI的介紹	36
3.3  樓層切換演算法	37
3.3.1  RSSI值的抓取	38
3.3.2  RSSI值的判讀	39
3.3.3  樓層切換的機制	41
3.3.4  自動與手動模式	44
3.3.5  RSSI值臨界值	46
第四章  系統實作與實測	47
4.1  系統架構	47
4.2  定位設備介紹	48
4.2.1  讀取器	49
4.2.2  Ethernet Gateway	54
4.2.3  電子標籤	56
4.3  Rifartek RFID室內定位使用軟體介紹	57
4.3.1  Server端	58
4.3.2  Client端	60
4.3.3  資料庫介紹	62
4.4  相關實作與實測	68
4.4.1  距離與RSSI值強弱判斷	68
4.4.2  測量固定距離內RSSI值的標準差	70
4.4.3  樓層切換實作與實測	71
4.4.4  多樓層之間的實測	81
第五章  結論與未來展望	83
5.1  結論	83
5.2  未來展望	84
參考文獻	85
附錄—英文論文	88


圖目錄
圖2-1：Wi-Fi架構圖[19]	10
圖2-2：RFID的運作模式	15
圖2-3：工研院統計RFID於國內運用在各行各業的比例 [24]	21
圖2-4：AOA接收訊號角度定位法	27
圖2-5：OSLE場景佈置圖	30
圖3-1：系統整體架構分析圖	34
圖3-2：定位設備架構圖	35
圖3-3：定位設備傳輸方式	35
圖3-4：程式流程圖	37
圖4-1：硬體設備架構圖	48
圖4-2：Helicomm公司讀取器(IP-Link 2250)圖示	50
圖4-3：Minitool (Module)畫面	51
圖4-4：Minitool (General)畫面	52
圖4-5：點對點傳輸模式示意圖	53
圖4-6：Minitool (Binary)畫面	54
圖4-7：Ethernet Gateway (IP-Link 2220E)	55
圖4-8：IP-Link 2220E網頁呈現設定畫面	56
圖4-9：Helicomm公司的電子標籤(IP-Link 5110 Tag)	57
圖4-10：servRobot啟動畫面	58
圖4-11：Helicomm2的config 視窗	59
圖4-12：RTLS 的 config 視窗	60
圖4-13：cliRobot 啟動畫面	61
圖4-14：cliRobot 的 Helicomm2 分頁畫面	61
圖4-15：讀取器Rawdata傳輸畫面	62
圖4-16：資料庫畫面	63
圖4-17：reader資料表畫面	64
圖4-18：框中為reader資料表中的mid欄位	65
圖4-19：rawdata資料表畫面	66
圖4-20：rawdata資料表畫面	66
圖4-21：tag資料表畫面	67
圖4-22：tag資料表畫面	67
圖4-23：讀取器1(R1)所觀測到RSSI值變化的長條圖	69
圖4-24：讀取器3(R3)所觀測到RSSI值變化的長條圖	69
圖4-25：樓梯間場景圖	72
圖4-26：(a)2F場景地圖 (b)3F場景地圖	73
圖4-27：Server端和Client端同時啟動示意圖	74
圖4-28： Rifartek RoboTracer室內定位介面圖	75
圖4-29：室內定位介面Database設定圖	76
圖4-30：系統實作起始圖	77
圖4-31：自動模式實作圖	77
圖4-32：手動模式實作圖	78
圖4-33：R3和R7訊號強度實測圖	80
圖4-34：R3和R7訊號強度實測圖	82


表目錄
表2-1：無線區域網路標準[18]	10
表2-2：ZigBee技術特點[20]	12
表2-3：RFID發展史 [21]	13
表2-4：標籤依照能源區分比較[22][29]	16
表2-5：標籤依照頻率區分[22][23][28]	16
表2-6：RFID於各個領域的應用 [23]	22
表4-1：設備型號	49
表4-2：RSSI值標準差一覽	70
表4-3：不同臨界值實測出來的成功次數	79

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