離子液體（Ionic liquids）是由陽離子和陰離子組合而成的有機熔鹽，具有高穩定性、低熔點、高沸點、高極性和離子性等特色，被廣泛的應用於化學領域中：例如作為電化學中的電解液使用；取代有機溶劑用於萃取；在有機合成上作為催化劑或是溶劑使用，可增加其反應產率與化學選擇性，例如佛瑞德－克來福特（Friedel - Craft）和狄耳士－阿德爾（Diels - Alder）等反應。
先前，我們實驗室成功發展出一便捷的反應方法來合成氮異環化合物-聯吡啶化合物（Bipyridyl），可作為離子液體之陽離子主架構；因此設計以此聯吡啶化合物為陽離子主架構來合成一系列的離子液體，並且進行此系列聯吡啶離子液體的物理與化學性質鑑定與探討。未來只要更改陰離子的種類或改變烷基上的官能基，即可設計出新的聯吡啶離子液體化合物扮演催化劑或特定溶劑上的應用。

Ionic liquids (ILs) are the organic molten salts containing organic cations and anions. ILs  can be used in a large variety of chemical applications owing to their tunable polarity, wide liquidus range, good solvating ability, recyclability, non-volatility, and high thermal stability, good conductivity,……etc. ILs are ideal solvents for extraction, electrochemical, and synthetic applications, as well as suitable for reaction media or catalysis in organic reactions. For example, ILs have been used in Friedel - Craft and Diels - Alder reactions for increasing regioselectivity and chemical yield.

Our group has recently developed a series of conventional methods to synthesize the N-heterocyclic compounds, such as 2,2’-bipyridyl. Thus, we chose 2,2’-bipyridyl to synthesize some new 2,2’-bipyridyridinium type ionic liquids. Furthermore, we also  examined the physical and chemical properties of these new-synthesized compounds. In the near future, we expect that we can design more new bipyridyridinium type ILs by exchanging anion or adjusting with a side chain which may be further applied as a catalysis or reaction solvent.

第一章  緒論	1
1-1  離子液體的簡介	3
1-1-1  室溫離子液體的定義	4
1-1-2  常見的室溫離子液體	9
1-2   離子液體的歷史發展	14
1-3   離子液體的特性	19
1-4   離子液體的應用	30
1-4-1  分析	30
1-4-2  電化學上的應用	35
1-4-3  有機反應上的應用	36
第二章  結果與討論	48
2-1  聯吡啶類離子液體的合成研究	49
2-1-1  聯吡啶的合成	51
2-1-2  聯吡啶離子液體之合成	54
2-2  聯吡啶類離子液體的性質討論	60
2-2-1  熔點探討	61
2-2-2  熱穩定性	62
第三章  實驗與儀器	65
3-1  實驗步驟	65
3-2  儀器的測試方法與原理	69
第四章  結論	74
第五章  光譜	76
第六章  參考資料	87

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