1991年網際網路商業化後，出現大量的網際網路服務業者開始提供各類型的加值服務。大量終端及3G、WiMAX通訊設備陸續加入網際網路，其對網路成幾何級數成長的需求，使得網際網路網址竭盡的問題已浮現檯面。
以IANA資料顯示2009年初實際可供分配的IPv4網址空間只剩下12%，IPv4網址將在不久的未來消耗已為不爭的事實。Geoff Huston觀察BGP路由表及過去3年的網址分配趨勢，預測IPv4網址空間將在2年後消耗殆盡；若加上預期的效應，網址空間耗盡時程將相對提前。
本研究將概述IPv4網址空間目前分配的狀態、網際網路面臨的問題、追蹤亞太網路資訊中心(APNIC)對網址耗盡問題之準備情況及網址竭盡帶來的影響，提出因應網址竭盡之對策，並以網路管理、使用者、延續性、成本、爭議性、可行性和延續效益性等面向來綜合評估每項政策。最後，提出對台灣網際網路耗盡的建議，以確保IPv4網址資源枯竭時仍然能夠平穩地運作及使用網際網路。

After the commercial interests in 1991, a large number of Internet service providers started to provide various types of value-added services, and a large number of terminals and 3G, WiMAX communications equipment add to Internet, its geometric growth of the network, IPv4 address space exhaustion issue is more attention.
According to IANA's information, only 12% of the total IPv4 address space remains unallocated in 2009. Geoff Huston observe BGP routing table and the trends of the allocated address over the past 3 years, if current trends continue, projections expect the free pool of unallocated IPv4 address space will run out in the 2 years. For the desired effect, address space exhausted relatively early time.
This paper will provide an overview of the current IPv4 allocation of IPv4 address space, the problems of the Internet, tracing the Asia-Pacific Network Information Center with issues of readiness and the impact of IPv4 address space exhaustion. Proposing the strategy of Internet IPv4 address exhaustion and suggesting Taiwan the exhaustion issue. Utilizing the network management, user, continuity, cost, controversy, feasibility, effectiveness of sustainability to assessment of each policy comprehensively. Understanding that the impact of IPv4 address depletion in Taiwan. To ensure that smooth operation and use of the Internet when the depletion of IPv4 resources.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 OECD之相關研究報告 4
2.2 日本之因應對策報告 5
2.3 網址竭盡點定義 7
2.4 IPv4網址資源現況 8
2.5 Internet面臨的問題 10
2.6 IPv4網址耗盡預測 13
2.7 IPv4網址竭盡的影響 16
2.8 IPv4網址轉換機制 17
2.8.1 NAT 17
2.8.2 NAPT 18
2.9 IPv6介紹 19
2.10 IPv4/IPv6轉換機制 22
2.10.1 IPv4/IPv6雙網架構機制(Dual-stack Schemes) 22
2.10.2 通道機制(Tunneling Mechanism) 23
2.10.3 轉換機制(Translation Mechanism) 25
第三章 研究設計與架構 27
3.1 研究架構 27
第四章 研究結果 31
4.1對策方法之探討 31
4.1.1節省未配給全域IPv4網址的使用 31
4.1.2 增加已配給全域IPv4網址的使用率 39
4.1.3轉換成IPv6協定 41
4.2 APNIC之看法及準備情況 51
第五章 結論 54
參考文獻 57
【中文文獻】 57
【英文文獻】 57
附錄A             60
圖目錄
圖2-1 各RIR的IP成長趨勢圖 9
圖2-2 IPv4網址分配現況 10
圖2-3 BGP成長趨勢圖 12
圖2-4 IPv4網址消耗預測 14
圖2-5 NAT轉換機制 18
圖2-6 NAPT轉換機制 19
圖2-7 IPv4/IPv6雙網架構機制 23
圖2-8 通道機制 24
圖2-9 轉換機制 25
圖3-1 研究架構 27
圖4-1 多階層NAT實驗架構圖 32
圖4-2 P2P實驗數據 36
圖4-3 NonP2P實驗數據 36
圖4-4 純IPv6 對外部IPv4/IPv6網路架構 43
圖4-5 全域IPv6/IPv4對外部IPv4/IPv6網路架構 44
圖4-6 全域IPv6/私有IPv4對外部IPv4/IPv6網路架構 45

表目錄
表2-1 IPv4網址耗盡時程報告研究整理表 15
表4-1：實驗設備 33
表4-2 常用埠號 35
表4-3 各網頁連線數 37
表4-4：轉換到IPv6之三個網路架構綜合分析 46
表4-5：三項對策之整體評估 50
表4-6：APNIC之看法及準備狀況 53

參考文獻 
【中文文獻】 
[1] 林世杰， 由實務應用的角度探討IPv6之轉換機制與策略，台灣IPv6論壇年刊，2005 
[2] 林世杰， IPv6網路建置與應用實務， 松崗電腦圖書有限公司，2008 
[3] 章軒工作室， 精通IPv6網際網路新世代，文魁資訊股份有限公司，2000 
[4] 張瑞雄等， IPv6新世代網際網路協定暨整合技術，旗標出版股份有限公司，2004 
【英文文獻】 
[5]C. Aoun and E. Davies, “Reasons to Move the Network Address Translator – Protocol Translator (NAT-PT) to Historic Status,” RFC 4966, July 2007. 
[6] D.G. Waddington, and F. Chang, “Realizing the Transition to IPv6”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Volume 40, Issue 6, pp.138-147, June 2002. 
[7] Douglas E. Comer, “Computer Networks and Internets”5th Edition, Pearsion, January 2008 
[8] G. Tsirtsis and P. Srisuresh, “Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation (NAT-PT),”RFC 2766, February 2000 
[9] JPNIC, “Utilization Analysis and Recommendations on the Exhaustion of IPv4 Address Space”, July 2006. 
[10] Microsoft Corporation, “IPv6 Transition Technologies”, October 2003. 
[11] Ministerial background Report “Internet Address Space: Economic Considerations in the Management of IPv4 and in the Deployment of IPv6,” OECD Ministerial Meeting, June 2007. 
[12] Secretariat of Study Group on Internet’s Smooth Transition to IPv6, “Overview of Report Study Group on Internet's Smooth Transition to IPv6”, June, 2008 
[13] Tony Hain, “A Pragmatic Report on IPv4 Address Space Consumption,”The Internet Protocol Journal, Volume 8, Number 3, September 2005 
[14] APNIC, Resource ranges allocated by APNIC, URL:www.apnic.net/db/ranges.html 
[15] Brenda D. Tarimel, Philip Smith and James Spenceley, “prop-066-v004: Ensuring efficient use of historical IPv4 resources,” August 2009. URL:www.apnic.net/policy/proposals/prop-066-v004.html 
[16] BGP Routing Table Analysis Reports 
URL:bgp.potaroo.net/ 
[17] Geoff Huston, “prop-050-v003: IPv4 address transfers,” July 2008. URL:www.apnic.net/policy/proposals/prop-050-v003.html 
[18] Geoff. Huston, “The IPv4 Internet Report,” March 2003, 
URL:ipv4.potaroo.net 
[19] Geoff. Huston, “The IPv4 Internet Report,” August 2008, 
URL:ipv4.potaroo.net 
[20] IANA, “IPv4 Global Unicast Address Assignments,” April 2009. URL:www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ 
[21] Philip Smith, Jonny Martin, Randy Bush, “prop-062-v002: Use of final /8,” February 2009. URL:www.apnic.net/policy/proposals/prop-062-v002.html 
[22] Randy Bush, Philip Smith, “prop-067-v001: A simple transfer proposal,” December 2008. URL:www.apnic.net/policy/proposals/prop-067-v001.html 
[23] William Lehr, Tom Vest, Eliot Lear, “Running on Empty: The Challenge of Managing Internet Addresses,” 36th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy (TPRC), September 2008. URL:eyeconomics.com/backstage/References_files/Lehr-Vest-Lear-TPRC2008-080915.pdf