關於平板薄膜透析操作之質傳問題在理論上可以類比於平板式熱交換器的熱傳方式。本文主要探討回流裝置的加入對於平板式薄膜透析系統的改善情形，薄膜透析的外回流效益是在並流的單行程雙相及雙行程的透餘相模式中研究下運作。藉由回流操作產生因流速增加所得到的可期效益中大量的效能增進是可以做到的。由於進料的再混合，回流操作克服了減少質量傳送驅動力(濃度差)會產生的負面效益。回流可以增加薄膜透析的效能，特別是對於具有大進料體積流率的流體，或者是高濃度的進料溶液。再者，雙行程操作比單行程更有效益，因為流速的增加會使質量傳送係數增加。

The effect of external recycle on the membrane dialysis with single pass in both phases on double pass in retentate phase, under parallel flow was investigated. Considerable improvement in performance is obtainable by using recycle operation to create the desirable effect of increasing the fluid velocity, which overcomes the undesirable effect of decreasing the concentration difference for mass-transfer due to the remixing at inlet. The recycle can enhance the performance of membrane dialysis, especially for higher volume flow rate or higher concentration of inlet solution. Further moer, double pass operation is more effective than the single pass because of the increase in fluid velocity, resulting in increasing the mass-transfer coefficient.

目     錄

致謝………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………	Ⅱ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………	Ⅲ
目錄…………………………………………………………………	Ⅳ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………	Ⅶ
表目錄………………………………………………………………	Ⅹ

	
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………   1
1-1 前言……………………………………………………………  1
1-2 薄膜分離的驅動力……………………………………………  4
1-3 薄膜透析………………………………………………………  5
1-4 薄膜透析的應用………………………………………………	8
1-5研究目的………………………………………………………	9
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………  10
第三章 理論分析…………………………………………………  15
3-1質量傳送係數……………………………………………	   17
3-2 平板薄膜透析系統………………………………………	   19
3-2.1 順流式平板薄膜透析系統……………………………	   21
3-2.2 逆流式平板薄膜透析系統……………………………	   23
3-3 外回流式平板薄膜透析系統………………………………	   26
3-4 透餘相雙行程平板薄膜透析系統…………………………	   27
3-4.1 透餘相先順後逆(A-B)操作…………………………       29
3-4.2 透餘相先逆流後順流(B-A)操作……………………	       34
3-5 透餘相雙行程外回流式平板薄膜透析系統………………	   36
3-5.1透餘相雙行程外回流式薄膜透析先順後逆(A-B)系統	   38
3-5.2透餘相雙行程外回流式薄膜透析先逆後順(B-A)系統	   39
	
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………  41
4-1單行程外回流順-逆流透析系統之較………………………   42
4-1.1透餘相體積流率的影響………………………………	   42
4-1.2透析相體積流率的影響………………………………	   42
4-1.3 進料濃度的影響………………………………………	   43
4-2單行程順逆流與雙行程A-B、B-A型透析系統之比較	   44
4-2.1固定透析相體積流率…………………………………	   44
4-2.2透析相體積流率的影響………………………………	   44
4-2.3進料濃度的影響………………………………………	   45
4-3 回流比對總質傳量之影響…………………………………   46
4-3.1單行程順流與單行程逆流系統的比較………………	   47
4-3.2單行程與雙行程系統的比較…………………………	   47
	
第五章 結論………………………………………………………  79
符號說明…………………………………………………………… 80
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 82
	
	
圖   目   錄
圖 1-1  影響薄膜分離程序之因素及其應用範圍……………      3
圖 3-1. 薄膜透析示意圖…………………………………………    16
圖 3-2. 順流型下之平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖………    20
圖 3-3. 逆流型下之平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖………    20
圖 3-4. 回流操作下之逆流型平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖  26
圖 3-5. 透餘相双行逆流型薄膜透析系統…………………………  29
圖 3-6. 透餘相双行程外回流式薄膜透析系統(A-B 型)…………  36
圖 3-7. 透餘相双行程外回流式薄膜透析系統(B-A型) …………  37
圖 4-1. 單行程順流式透餘相操作下質傳速率對回流比做圖……  49
圖 4-2. 單行程順流式透餘相操作下質傳速率對回流比做圖……  50
圖 4-3. 單行程逆流式透餘相操作下質傳速率對回流比做圖……  51
圖 4-4. 單行程逆流式透餘相操作下質傳速率對回流比做圖……  52
圖 4-5. 透餘相雙行程與外回流式操作質傳速率對回流比做圖…  53
圖 4-6. 透餘相雙行程與外回流式操作質傳速率對回流比做圖…  54
圖 4-7. 單行程順流式與不同透析相體積流率下質傳速率對回
        流比做圖…………………………………………………… 55
圖 4-8. 單行程順流式與不同透析相體積流率下對質傳速率之
        提高率做圖………………………………………………… 56
圖 4-9. 單行程逆流式與不同透析相體積流率下對質傳速率對	
        流比作圖…………………………………………………… 57
圖 4-10.單行程逆流式與不同透析相體積流率下對質傳速率之	
        高率作圖…………………………………………………… 58
圖 4-11.A-B or B-A 型與透析相體積流率對質傳速率對回流比
        作圖 …………………………………………………………59
圖 4-12.A-B or B-A 型對透析相體積流率對質傳速率之提高率…  60
圖 4-13.相同進料濃度及透析相體積流率下單行程逆流式對雙行
        程A-B 型質傳效率的不同………………………………	 61
圖 4-14.相同進料濃度及透析相體積流率下單行程逆流式對雙	
        程A-B型質傳速率的不同………………………………	62
圖 4-15.相同進料濃度及透析相體積流率下單行程逆流式對單行
        程順流式質傳速率的提高率不同………………………	63
圖 4-16.相同進料濃度及透析相體積流率下單行程逆流式對單	
        行程順流式質傳速率的不同……………………………	64
圖 4-17.相同進料濃度及透析相體積流率下單行程順流對A-B型
        質傳速率的提高率的不同………………………………	65
圖 4-18.相同進料濃度及透析相體積流率下單行程順流式對A-B
        型質傳速率的不同………………………………………	66
圖 4-19.單行程順流式進料濃度對質傳速率的影響……………	67
圖 4-20.單行程逆流式進料濃度對質傳速率的影響……………	68
圖 4-21. A-B or B-A 型進料濃度對質傳速率的影響…………	69
	
表   目   錄
表 1-1. 用於人工腎臟的透析薄膜………………………………	 7
表 4-1. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with   
  &   in cocurrent flow…………………………………………    70
表 4-2. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with   
  &   in cocurrent flow…………………………………………    71
表 4-3. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with  ,
  &   in cocurrent flow…………………………………………    72
表 4-4. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with  ,
  &   in countercurrent flow…………………………………      73
表 4-5. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with  ,
  &   in countercurrent flow…………………………………      74
表 4-6. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with   &   
in countercurrent flow………………………………………	        75
表 4-7. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with   &   
in A-B & B-A type……………………………………………	    76
表 4-8. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with   & 
  in A-B & B-A type……………………………………………     77
表 4-9. Dialysis rates in parallel-flow device with   &   
in A-B & B-A type………………………………………………     78

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