過去眾多的萃取程序都有其缺點，如產生大量金屬污泥、處理時間冗長與使用萃取劑藥量過多…等。尤其是處理低濃度的廢水更為棘手，因為使用混凝沉澱會產生大量且含水量高的汙泥，若使用其他種處理程序也會受限於廢水中金屬濃度過低導致效率下降等的問題。
  本研究氣泡油膜萃取系統(CASE)就是利用將萃取溶劑加壓後釋壓的程序快速且大量的釋放在廢水中，如此ㄧ來可在短時間內，使用少量的萃取溶劑處理大量重金屬廢水的系統，尤其是針對低濃度的金屬污水。這是一個令人興奮且創新的技術，最主要的目的在於希望能透過本系統，在可預見的將來處理重金屬廢水不會再產生大量的重金屬污泥，也無需投入大量萃取劑，最重要的是可以明顯縮短處理重金屬污水上的時間與提升系統濃縮比。
  實驗結果發現氣泡油膜萃取系統(CASE)的確可以在短時間內將低濃度的廢水處理完成，如處理500ml (50ppm)的Cd金屬廢水時，利用CASE系統需使用了溶劑比為5：1的溶劑0.96克，再將pH值調整到6，處理效率變可達到約為95%以上的效果，處理時間不需1分鐘。系統濃縮比可達到高達1042倍，對於過去萃取程序來談這是一個很大的突破。

Compressed air-assisted solvent extraction (CASE) was developed to generate micro-sized solvent-coated air bubbles (5~30μm) which were  employed for metal extraction. Through pressurization of solvent (mixtures of extractant and diluent) with compressed air followed by releasing air-oversaturated solvent into metal-containing wastewater, micro- sized solvent-coated air bubbles were generated instantaneously  creating enormous surface area between solvent and aqueous phases.
    Applied the proposed process for Cd(II) removal from wastewater (Cd=100mg l-1) and can be achieved with aqueous/solvent weight ratio  ratio of 1042 and extraction time of less than 60 sec with solvent having D2EHPA/kerosene weight ratio of 5:1. 
     CASE is a efficient systematic for dispose of wastewater.Making extraction process extremely fast and achieving very high aqueous/solvent weight ratio

目錄
第一章 序論....................................................................................................1
第二章 文獻記載與比較................................................................................4
2.1傳統去除水中金屬方法文獻......................................................................4
2.1.1 混凝......................................................................................................4
2.1.2 萃取......................................................................................................5
2.1.3 SLM(supported liquid membranes)去除法..........................................6
2.1.4 氣泡輔助萃取劑浮除金屬(air-assisted solvent extraction; AASX).10
第三章 實驗材料與方法..............................................................................13
3.1 實驗設計.................................................................................................13
3.1.1 反應時間對於去除效率的影響........................................................13
3.1.2 pH值對系統的影響............................................................................15
3.1.3 不同extractant與solvent的比例下的等溫吸附曲線........................15
3.1.4 氣體溶入量........................................................................................16
3.1.5 不同比例下的氣泡大小、數量、油膜厚度....................................18
3.1.6 不同壓力下對去除率之影響............................................................19
3.1.7 模擬萃取系統與比較........................................................................20
3.1.8 萃取溶劑溶入之影響........................................................................22
3.2 研究想法與重心.......................................................................................23
3.3 實驗材料...................................................................................................24
3.3.1 金屬廢水與溶劑配製........................................................................24
3.3.2實驗藥材.............................................................................................25
3.4 實驗設備：...............................................................................................26
3.4.1 實驗系統............................................................................................26
3.4.2 分析儀器與方法................................................................................30
第四章 結果與討論......................................................................................32
4.1 PH值對系統的影響.................................................................................32
4.2 反應時間對系統之影響...........................................................................34
4.3 不同EXTRACTANT與SOLVENT的比例下的等溫吸附曲線........................35
4.4 模擬萃取系統與比較...............................................................................41
4.5 油泡大小、氣體溶入量、油泡數量與油膜厚度之間的關係...............45
4.6 不同壓力下氣體溶入溶劑之影響...........................................................53
4.7 萃取溶劑融入之影響...............................................................................55
4.8 系統中建議操作參數...............................................................................58
第五章 結論與建議......................................................................................60
第六章 參考文獻..........................................................................................61
圖目錄
圖 1、Cd在水中的比重圖............................................................................5
圖 2、SLM的去除機制...............................................................................7
圖 3、(a)平板式液態薄膜示意圖(Reproduced from (Di Luccio et al., 2000))以及(b)中空纖維液態薄示意圖(Reproduced from http://www.nanya.edu.tw)......................................................................7
圖 4、氣泡輔助extraction浮除金屬裝置[3].............................................12
圖 5、特殊收集氣體玻璃瓶......................................................................18
圖 6、反應槽示意圖..................................................................................26
圖 7、高壓鋼瓶裝置圖..............................................................................27
圖 8、實際高壓鋼瓶圖..............................................................................27
圖 9、Stirred Ultrafiltration Cell（摘自Millipore 公司）.......................28
圖 10、CASE實驗流程圖.........................................................................29
圖 11、模擬萃取實驗流程圖....................................................................30
圖 12、原子吸收光譜Cd檢量線...............................................................31
圖 13、extractant釋放在水樣前後之pH值變化.......................................33
圖 14、不同的pH值對去除率的影響.......................................................33
圖 15、不同時間對去除率的影響............................................................35
圖 16、同ㄧ溶劑在不同時間對去除率的影響........................................35
圖 17、extractant與solvent的比例為5:1之等溫吸附曲線。.................37
圖 18、extractant與solvent的比例為1:1之等溫吸附曲線。.................37
圖 19、extractant與solvent的比例為1:10之等溫吸附曲線。...............38
圖 20、extractant與solvent的比例為1:30之等溫吸附曲線。...............38
圖 21、extractant與solvent的比例為1:40之等溫吸附曲線。...............39
圖 22、萃取溶劑在不同比例下之等溫吸附曲線比較圖。....................39
圖 23、萃取溶劑比例為1:10之等溫吸附曲線(高濃度金屬廢水反應)40
圖 24、萃取溶劑比例為5:1與1:10之等溫吸附曲線比較圖(高濃度金屬廢水反應)............................................................................................41
圖 25、100rpm、200rpm轉速下模擬萃取隨時間的去除率...................42
圖 26、不同溶劑比例下模擬萃取實驗....................................................43
圖 27、油膜萃取系統(左)與模擬萃取實驗(右)澄清比較圖-(a)剛靜置、(b)靜置1小時、(c)靜置1.5小時、(d)靜置16小時...........................44
圖 28、油膜萃取系統(左)與模擬萃取實驗(右)澄清比較圖-(a)靜置1天、(b) 靜置2天、(c)靜置3天..............................................................44
圖 29、溶劑比1:10下油泡圖(a)1atm、(b)3atm、(c)5atm、(d)乳化油粒..............................................................................................................46
圖 30、溶劑比5:1下油泡圖(a)1atm、(b)3atm、(c)5atm、(d)乳化油粒..............................................................................................................46
圖 31、溶劑比1:40下油泡圖(a)1atm、(b)3atm、(c)5atm、(d)乳化油粒..............................................................................................................47
圖 32、5atm下噴出油泡圖(a) 溶劑比5:1、(b) 溶劑比1:1、(c) 溶劑比
1:40......................................................................................................47
圖 33、不同壓力對去除率的影響............................................................54
圖 34、加壓1atm (左)、3atm(中)、5atm(右)下的靜置(a)剛靜置、(b)靜置30分鐘、(c)靜置4小時後情形...................................................55
圖 35、不同時間下kerosene與萃取溶劑的溶入情形.............................56
圖 36、Kerosene與各萃取溶劑比例下的溶入情形................................58
圖 37、水中萃取劑量與COD之關係圖...................................................58
表目錄
表 1、SLM研究比較表...............................................................................9
表 2、各種萃取溶劑比的比例與比重表..................................................24
表 3、藥品清單資料..................................................................................25
表 4、乳化油粒與1:40萃取溶劑產生油泡比較表................................48
表 5、氣體融入萃取溶劑表......................................................................49
表 6、不同比例下的推估油泡數..............................................................50
表 7、不同溶劑比下莫耳通量推估表......................................................51
表 8、不同溶劑比下0.1μm厚度內總D2EHPA量推估表........................52
表 9、抽濾與掃流對於去除率的影響......................................................56

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