近年來，全球暖化造成的環境危機日益嚴重，因此，永續節能成為建築設計的重要議題。本研究將此議題在建築皮層上作探討，主要以光能源作為轉換能源的對象，其透過整合仿生機制與互動技術進行操作，企圖從植物的向光特性探索光能源轉換的機制，再以互動技術落實追光狀態的空間形式設計，並於都市中閒置空間為出發點，以期發展具向光性的互動皮層雛形，稱之為”都市原葉體”。此雛形除了創造空間在能源使用上能自給自足的設計外，並賦予都市中閒置空間新的意義。

    為完成以上目標，本研究分四個步驟進行 : 1.文獻回顧 : 歸納出皮層與肌理在建築中所扮演的性質，再將植物特有的向光性作為仿生的定位，由數位運算與互動概念完成其架構統整。2.案例分析 : 觀察各案例之設計概念與互動機制，如感測方式、互動行為、仿生模式等，幫助思考未來操作時的設計發展。3.設計先期研究 : 探討本機制的實作組構方式，觀察仿生向光如何影響植物紋理與活動機制的變化；再試以摺紙、關節、桿件等模型研究變動性；加上互動技術測試，用實體資訊輸入虛擬動畫輸出的方式模擬互動過程；最後選擇自重小、規格適切，並符合本研究需求的太陽能板配合設計。4.設計實驗 : 統整以上資料，觀察都市中閒置空間的採光優勢，以天橋作為設計對象，分析其空間、日照、事件等，置入本設計，定義天橋在都市中的另一種性質。

    鑒於上述分析，選擇中華路景觀橋為基地，分析該天橋現況條件、日照情形及空間計畫，將都市原葉體置入於橋體上部作為接收光源的皮層，透過互動技術調適向光角度，達到仿生向光的追光狀態，將轉換的光能源支應作基地中空間需求，並加入新的事件以活化天橋舊有機能。透過本次設計操作，期待更多的閒置空間能作為可再生能源的操作對象，提供都市空間需求一種新的可能性。

The environmental crisis caused by global warming is getting more and more serious in recent years, therefore sustainable energy saving becomes an important issue of architectural design. This research discusses the issue from the building skin mainly by taking the light energy as the subject of energy conversion. It completes the operation by integrating the bionic mechanisms and interactive technology so as to explore the mechanism of light energy conversion through the phototropism of plants. And then it implements the space form design of the follow spot state by using the interactive technology. After that, it starts with the unused urban spaces to develop a phototropic interactive skin prototype which is called “Urban Prothallus”. This prototype not only creates a design that the energy is self-sufficient in the space but also gives the urban city spaces a new meaning. 

To achieve above mentioned goals, this research was carried out by four steps: 1) Literature review: concluding the role that the facade and texture played in the buildings, and then chose the unique phototropism of the plants as the biomimetic positioning. After that, it completed the architecture integration through digital computing and interaction concept. 2) Case study: observing the design concept and interaction mechanism of various cases, such as the sensing method, interaction, biomimetic pattern, etc. so as to help thinking about the design development of the future operation. 3) Pre-design research: discussing the practical structural pattern of the mechanism and observed how the bionic phototropism impacted the change of the texture and activity mechanism of the plants; and then studying the variability by using such models as paper folding, joint and member bar. Moreover, we conduct the interactive technology test to simulate the interaction process by the means of physical information input and virtual animation output. Finally, we choose one kind of lightweight solar panel with proper specification which meets the research requirements to match the design. 4) Design experiment: integrating the above data, observing the daylighting advantage of the vacant urban spaces, and regarding the overpass as the design object to analyze its space, sunshine, events, etc. we apply a human-oriented design and re-define another nature for the overpass in the city. 

According to above analysis, we choose the Landscape Bridge of Zhonghua Road as the base, to analyze the current condition, sunshine and space planning of the bridge. Besides, we place the urban prothallus on the upper side of the bridge as the skin to absorb light, and adjust the phototropic angle through the interactive technology to reach the state that bionic phototropism could follow the light. Moreover, we apply the converted light energy supply as the spatial demand in the base, and also add some new events to activate the old functions of the overpass. Through the design operation, the prototype is expected that more unused spaces can be used as the operation objects of renewable energy sources, so as to provide a new possibility for the urban spatial demands.

目錄



第一章 緒論................................................................................................................1

1-1	研究動機..............................................................................................................2
1-1.1	新時代建築皮層意義...................................................................................2
1-1.2	仿生對於建築的啟發...................................................................................3
1-1.3	互動對於建築的幫助...................................................................................4

1-2	研究目的..............................................................................................................5
1-2.1	皮層-仿生向光結合轉能概念......................................................................5
1-2.2	資訊-數位技術結合互動機制......................................................................6

1-3	研究流程..............................................................................................................7


第二章 文獻回顧與案例分析....................................................................................8

2-1	相關書籍/文獻.....................................................................................................9
2-1.1	建築、皮層與肌體.........................................................................................9
2-1.2	建築、仿生與向光.......................................................................................11
2-1.3	建築、運算與互動.......................................................................................13

2-2	案例介紹.............................................................................................................15
2-2.1	Flare Facade..............................................................................................15
2-2.2	Show Room................................................................................................16
2-2.3	Moving Homeostatic Facade...................................................................17
2-2.4	Soma Expo 2012 Kinetic Facade.............................................................18
2-2.5	Starlight Theater......................................................................................19

2-3	相關領域建築師/理論家...................................................................................20
2-3.1	Robert Kronenburg....................................................................................20
2-3.2	Janine Benyus............................................................................................21
2-3.3	Michael Fox and Miles Kemp..................................................................22
2-3.4	Cecil Balmond............................................................................................23
 
第三章 設計先期研究..............................................................................................24

3-1	仿生向光.............................................................................................................26
3-1.1	紋理-向光與變動........................................................................................26
3-1.2	機制-仿生向光性........................................................................................29

3-2	關節運動.............................................................................................................32
3-3	互動技術測試-Arduino x GH(Firefly) .........................................................35
3-4	太陽能板.............................................................................................................37
3-5	小結:都市原葉體...............................................................................................38


第四章 設計實驗:以中華路景觀橋為設計對象....................................................39

4-1	設計定位.............................................................................................................40
4-2	北市天橋統計....................................................................................................41
4-3	基地分析.............................................................................................................44
4-3.1	基地選擇與策略.........................................................................................44
4-3.2	天橋現況.....................................................................................................44
4-3.3	基地事件分析-電量調查............................................................................46
4-3.4	基地事件分析-日照分析............................................................................48

4-4設計發展..............................................................................................................49
4-4.1	日照與接收光源狀態.................................................................................49
4-4.2	原葉體構造單元.........................................................................................50
4-4.3	皮層外部型體設計.....................................................................................52
4-4.4	天橋整體設計.............................................................................................53
4-4.5	系統與程式邏輯.........................................................................................54
4-4.6	設計模擬.....................................................................................................60

第五章 結論與建議..................................................................................................67

5-1	結論.....................................................................................................................68
5-2	建議.....................................................................................................................69
5-3	未來發展.............................................................................................................70

參考網站.....................................................................................................................71
參考文獻.....................................................................................................................72
 
圖目錄



第一章
【圖1-1-1】仿生向光示意圖........................................................................................3
【圖1-1-2】互動流程圖................................................................................................4
【圖1-2-2】承德民權天橋............................................................................................6
【圖1-3-1】研究流程....................................................................................................7

第二章
【圖2-2-1】Flare Facade單元構成原形..................................................................15
【圖2-2-2】Flare Facade發展組合形式..................................................................15
【圖2-2-3】Moving Homeostatic Facade單元構成原形.......................................17
【圖2-2-4】Soma Expo 2012 Kinetic Facade單元構成原形.................................18
【圖2-2-5】Starlight Theater變形過程..................................................................19
【圖2-2-6】Starlight Theater 動態變形分析圖.....................................................19
【圖2-3-1】Robert Kronenburg................................................................................20
【圖2-3-2】Flexible Architecture............................................................................20
【圖2-3-3】Janine Benyus........................................................................................21
【圖2-3-4】Biomimicry : Innovation Inspired by Nature......................................21
【圖2-3-5】Michael Fox and Miles Kemp..............................................................22
【圖2-3-6】Interactive Architecture.......................................................................22
【圖2-3-7】Cecil Balmond........................................................................................23
【圖2-3-8】幾何圖形與Serpentine Pavilion..........................................................23

第三章
【圖3-1-1】維管束組織..............................................................................................25
【圖3-1-2】薄壁構造..................................................................................................25
【圖3-1-3】表皮組織..................................................................................................25
【圖3-1-4】植物細胞紋理..........................................................................................26
【圖3-1-5】變動關節模擬..........................................................................................27
【圖3-1-6】向光運動作用..........................................................................................28
【圖3-1-7】仿生向光概念模......................................................................................29
【圖3-2-3】桿件結合布料模擬模型..........................................................................34
【圖3-4-1】相關太陽能板案例..................................................................................37
【圖3-4-2】太陽能板轉能流程圖..............................................................................37

第四章
【圖4-1-1】天橋與街頭攝影師..................................................................................40
【圖4-2-1】北市天橋統計..........................................................................................41
【圖4-3-1】中華路景觀橋..........................................................................................44
【圖4-3-2】中華路景觀橋平面..................................................................................44
【圖4-3-3】基地環境..................................................................................................45
【圖4-3-4】基地現況行為分析..................................................................................45
【圖4-3-1】空間需求調查..........................................................................................47
【圖4-3-2】日照軌跡圖..............................................................................................48
【圖4-4-3】皮層外型設計01.....................................................................................52
【圖4-4-4】皮層外型設計02.....................................................................................52
【圖4-4-5】整體爆炸圖..............................................................................................53
【圖4-4-6】都市原葉體系統圖..................................................................................54
【圖4-4-7】追光狀態-全綻放時段示意圖................................................................55
【圖4-4-8】追光狀態-束縮時段示意圖....................................................................56
【圖4-4-9】追光狀態-晨間時段示意圖....................................................................57
【圖4-4-10】追光狀態-午後時段示意圖..................................................................58
【圖4-4-11】整體互動示意圖....................................................................................59
【圖4-4-12】模型實作-骨架與皮層..........................................................................60
【圖4-4-13】模型實作影片片段 01..........................................................................63
【圖4-4-14】模型實作影片片段 02..........................................................................64
【圖4-4-15】模型實作影片片段 03..........................................................................65
【圖4-4-16】模型實作................................................................................................66
 
表目錄



第一章
【表1-1-1】建築皮層演進史........................................................................................2

第二章
【表2-2-1】Flare Facade互動分析表......................................................................15
【表2-2-2】Show Room互動分析表.........................................................................16
【表2-2-3】Show Room動態變形分析表.................................................................16
【表2-2-4】Moving Homeostatic Facade互動分析表...........................................17
【表2-2-5】Moving Homeostatic Facade動態變形分析表...................................17
【表2-2-6】Soma Expo 2012 Kinetic Facade互動分析表.....................................18
【表2-2-7】Soma Expo 2012 Kinetic Facade 動態變形分析表...........................18
【表2-2-8】Starlight Theater互動分析表..............................................................19

第三章
【表3-1-1】橋體日照軌跡模擬..................................................................................29
【表3-2-1】皮層概念模型..........................................................................................32
【表3-2-2】桿件模擬模型..........................................................................................33
【表3-3-1】GH(Firefly)虛擬輸出.............................................................................35
【表3-3-2】類比控制伺服馬達旋轉..........................................................................36
【表3-4-1】三角太陽能板規格..................................................................................37

第四章
【表4-2-1】北市天橋區位調查..................................................................................43
【表4-4-1】日照角度..................................................................................................49
【表4-4-2】單元構造..................................................................................................50
【表4-4-3】各式日照角度..........................................................................................51

中文書籍：
1.	Ellen Lupton、阮慶岳、許淑真、林志鴻/著  司馬堂/譯
2007  [第二層皮膚：當代設計新肌體]，台北市，典藏藝術出版社

2.	Aldersey Williams/著  盧昀偉/譯
2004  [當代仿生建築]，中國，大連理工大學出版社

3.	Christine Stacy/著  賈子光/譯
2009  [建築表皮]，中國，大連理工大學出版社

4.	David Wade、Anthony Ashton/著  蔡承志/譯
2004  [胚騰：無所不在的模式]，台北市，天下文化出版社

5.	Paul Anderson、David Salomon/著  于潼/譯
2012  [圖案之於建築]，中國，山東畫報出版社

外文書籍：
1.	Jane Burry、Mark Burry
2010  [The Mathematics of Architecture]，Thames & Hudson publishing
2.	Paul Jackson
2011  [Folding Techniques for Designers: From Sheet to Form]，Laurence king publishing
3.	Joseph Lim
2010  [Eccentric Structures In Architecture]，page one publishing ltd 
4.	Joseph Lim 
2009  [Bio-Structural Analogues in Architecture]，page one publishing ltd
5.	Various
2011  [Mobile Architecture]，DAMDI publishing