社會化是國際關係理論中逐漸興起且成長迅速的概念，也是建構主義理論的中心思維。本研究將民主化視為是一種複合的社會化過程：在所謂民主轉型的階段，觸發民主化的機制多是菁英之間的策略評估，以工具理性計算；而在民主鞏固的階段，推動民主化的機制則屬於角色扮演或是規範說服。

   本研究所提出之民主社會化，乃是一個外因(國際力量主導的全球化)和內因(國內力量主導的政治變革)互動的過程。內在機制的發育主要與國家的政治文化傳統、經濟發展和社會結構的變遷相適應；而國際因素主要扮演一國政治民主化的塑造者和推動者的角色。通過對一國民主化的動因分析，本研究認為，外因在許多時候(甚至是關鍵時候)起了重要作用，同時也要注意，內因對外因有傳導、過濾作用。外因主要包括霸權因素、區域整合以及各種非國家行為體等，這些外部因素通過一定的管道作用於一國國內政治結構，推動國內公民社會、政黨體制以及民主政治文化的變遷，由此使得改革不斷發展，達到民主鞏固與民主深化。

   最後，本研究發現台灣、貝南與保加利亞仍處於民主轉型的後期階段，這是由於國家/社會的行為邏輯，並未從後果邏輯轉向適當邏輯所致。進一步來說，是三國內部的公民社會發展尚嫌稚嫩，台灣未來需轉向規範遵循與身分認同，民主才能得到真正的鞏固。

Socialization, the central core of constructivism, is a growing and flourishing concept in the field of international relations theory. In this plan, democratization is viewed as a complex socialization process. Hence, in the phase of democratic transition, democratization is often manipulated by political elites for preserving national interests as well as maintaining their personal interests. Namely, the trigger mechanism is called strategic calculation. On the other hand, in phase of democracy consolidation, democratization is based on the internalization of norms and values. Generally, trigger mechanisms should include either role playing or normative suasion there. 

In the study of democratization, both democratic transition and consolidation scholars often ignore the impact of international aspect. But in the globalization era, every force, such as state actors, international organizations or regimes, global culture, transnational advocacy networks and NGO, are very important to the new wave of democratization. This study therefore uses the new approach called democratic socialization, which combine the theories of compliance and socialization and democratization, to analyze how Taiwan could entry the period of democratic transition and consolidation. The approach view democratic institution as an international norm so that a country follows this norm, then democracy will be happened. To compare with Taiwan, Benin and Bulgaria are democratizing as the control group. According to this study, Benin is forced by the material persuasion of external force; Bulgaria is persuaded of the conditionality of EU and Taiwan is acculturated by the global culture and social learning from the persuasion of external force.

Although the three governments sought to improve the development of democracy in the past two decades, they still stay between the stages of democracy transition and democracy consolidation on nowadays. The current political situation in the three counties could attribute to the fact that the action of the state did not follow the logic of consequence. Therefore, in order to advance their political situation, it is necessary for the three governments to relocate national policies and emphasize the function of norms and identity by as the logic of appropriateness.

第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------------------------------1
     第一節 研究動機與目的-------------------------------------------------1
    第二節 相關文獻評述-----------------------------------------------------7
    第三節 研究方法---------------------------------------------------------12
    第四節 研究架構與章節安排------------------------------------------14
    第五節 研究範圍與限制------------------------------------------------17
第二章 民主社會化------------------------------------------------------------19
第一節	 民主化之內涵與進程------------------------------------------20
第二節	 社會化與國家順從之定義------------------------------------28
第三節	 融合的途徑：民主社會化------------------------------------48
第四節	 小結---------------------------------------------------------------65
第三章 民主轉型期的社會化進程------------------------------------------67
    第一節 三國民主轉型過程---------------------------------------------67
    第二節 民主轉型的外力與內因---------------------------------------87
    第三節 小結--------------------------------------------------------------107
第四章 民主鞏固期的社會化進程-----------------------------------------113
    第一節 三國民主鞏固過程--------------------------------------------113
    第二節 民主鞏固的外力與內因--------------------------------------131
    第三節 小結--------------------------------------------------------------161
第五章 結論--------------------------------------------------------------------167
    第一節 研究發現--------------------------------------------------------168
    第二節 未來展望--------------------------------------------------------171
參考書目------------------------------------------------------------------------178

圖目錄
圖1-1、研究架構圖--------------------------------------------------------------16
圖2-1、Checkel 的社會化因果機制-----------------------------------------36
圖2-2、國家順從行為的機制--------------------------------------------------40
圖2-3、民主社會化之因果機制-----------------------------------------------50
圖3-1、三國民主轉型機制---------------------------------------------------106
圖4-1、三國治理指數之比較------------------------------------------------133
圖4-2、三國民主鞏固機制---------------------------------------------------160

表目錄
表 1-1、Pridham 的聯結模式---------------------------------------------------8
表1-2、Schmitter 的4C 矩陣---------------------------------------------------9
表1-3、組合式比較研究之矩陣----------------------------------------------13
表2-1、民主社會化之途徑-----------------------------------------------------56
表3-1、臺灣民主轉型期大事記-----------------------------------------------73
表3-2、貝南民主轉型期大事記-----------------------------------------------79
表3-3、保加利亞民主轉型期大事記-----------------------------------------86
表3-4、三國政經社指數一覽--------------------------------------------------89
表3-5、美國國會關於促進臺灣民主化之聽證會--------------------------93
表3-6、外力在民主轉型期對貝南的金援-----------------------------------97
表4-1、臺灣民主鞏固期大事記---------------------------------------------118
表4-2、貝南民主鞏固期大事記---------------------------------------------124
表4-3、保加利亞民主鞏固期大事記---------------------------------------130
表4-4、臺灣國內外NGO/NPO 之互動-------------------------------------138
表4-5、外力在民主鞏固期對貝南的金援---------------------------------142
表4-6、EU 基金對保加利亞的分配(2007-2009 年)----------------------150

(一) 中文部分
1. 專書
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臺北市：時報。
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李登輝、中嶋嶺雄著，楊明珠、駱文森譯，2000。《亞洲的智略》(アジアの知略)。
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施正鋒，2007。《台灣政治史》。臺中市：新新台灣文教基金會。
美麗島事件口述歷史編輯小組，1999。《珍藏美麗島：台灣民主歷程眞紀錄》。
臺北市：時報文化出版企業公司。
若林正丈著，許佩賢、洪金珠譯，1994。《台灣：分裂國家與民主化》(台湾：分
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若林正丈著，賴香吟譯，1998。《蔣經國與李登輝》。臺北市：遠流。
倪炎元，1995。《東亞威權政權之轉型》。臺北市：月旦出版社股份有限公司。
翁明賢，2010。《解構與建構 : 台灣的國家安全戰略硏究》。臺北市：五南圖書
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事件專輯》。台北：中央研究院近代史研究所。

2. 期刊論文
王甫昌，2008/6。〈族群政治議題在台灣民主化轉型中的角色〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，
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王金壽，2006。〈台灣的司法獨立改革與國民黨侍從主義的崩潰〉，《台灣政治學
刊》，第10卷第1期，頁103-162。
王金壽，2007。〈獨立的司法、不獨立的法官？民主化後的司法獨立與民主監
督〉，《台灣社會研究季刊》，第67期，頁1-38。
王啟明，2004/11-12。〈國際社會化與全球治理〉，《問題與研究》，第43 卷第6
期，頁 1-28。
朱雲漢，2004/3。〈台灣民主發展的困境與挑戰〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，第 1 卷第 1
期，頁 143-162。
吳乃德，2000/12。〈人的精神理念在歷史變革中的作用－美麗島事件和台灣民主
化〉，《臺灣政治學刊》，第 4 期，頁 57-103。
吳玉山，2001。〈制度、結構與政治穩定〉，《政治學報》，第32期，頁1-30。
吳重禮，2002。〈台灣地區「派系政治」研究文獻的爭議：美國「機器政治」分
析途徑的啟示〉，《政治科學論叢》，第17期，頁81-106。
李酉潭，2007/10。〈台灣民主化經驗與中國未來的民主化——以杭亭頓的理論架
構分析之〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，第8卷第4期，頁1-48。
李俊增，2005/12。〈從 Schmitt 之民主理論論台灣三二○公投〉，《政治科學論
叢》，第26期，頁 1-36。
施正鋒，2007/12。〈台灣民主化過程中的族群政治〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，第4 卷
第4期，頁 1-26。
范雲，2003/6。〈政治轉型過程中的婦女運動：以運動者及其生命傳記背景為核
心的分析取向〉，《台灣社會學》，第5期，頁133-194。
張佑宗，2006。〈台灣民主文化的特色與深化〉，《當代》，第227期，頁38-51。
張佑宗，2011b。〈選舉結果、政治學習與民主支持－兩次政黨輪替後台灣公民
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論？〉，《政治科學論叢》，第19期，頁 113-138。
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陳志瑋，2004/6。〈三二○公投與台灣政治發展分析〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，第1卷
第2期，頁 43-71。
陳隆志，2002/6。〈台灣參與國際間非政府組織策略〉，《新世紀智庫論壇》，第 18
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第 36 卷第 9期，頁 59-73。
游清鑫、蕭怡靖，2007/9。〈以新選民的政治態度論台灣民主政治的未來〉，《臺
灣民主季刊》，第4卷第3期，頁 109-151。
黃昭元，1998。〈九七修憲後我國中央政府體制之評估〉，《臺大法學論叢》，第
27 卷第2 期，頁183-215。
楊永明，2004/9。〈台灣民主化與台灣安全保障〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，第1 卷第3
期，頁 1-23。
葉俊榮，1998。〈九七憲改與台灣憲法變遷的模式〉，《臺大法學論叢》，第27卷
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1 期，頁 1-25。
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社會研究季刊》，第36期，頁123-145。

3. 專書篇章
田弘茂著，劉淑惠譯，1997。〈臺灣民主鞏固的展望〉，田弘茂等編，《新興民主
的機遇與挑戰》，臺北市：業強，頁 244-291。
朱雲漢，1989。〈寡佔經濟與威權政治體制〉，蕭新煌、吳忠吉、朱雲漢編，《壟
斷與剝削：威權主義的政經分析》。臺北市：台灣研究基金會，頁139-160。
胡佛、朱雲漢、文正仁著，李文志譯，1997。〈臺灣與南韓民主化過程中的國際
面向分析〉，田弘茂等編，《新興民主的機遇與挑戰》，臺北市：業強，頁
458-514。
張佑宗，2011a。〈從民主轉型到民主鞏固〉，周育仁、謝文煌主編，《台灣民主化
的經驗與意涵》，臺北市：五南出版社，頁297-323。
許育典，2009。〈台灣的民主對人權法治與多元文化的影響〉，羅昌發、顏厥安編，《全球化、正義與人權》，臺北市：元照出版公司，頁399-431。
劉義周，2001。〈解嚴後台灣政黨體系的發展〉，中央研究院台灣研究推動委員
會編，《威權體制的變遷：解嚴後的台灣》，臺北市：中央研究院，頁89-118。

4. 政府文件及其他網路資料
中華民國外交部等編，2009。〈CEDAW 中華民國(台灣)初次國家報告〉，
http://www.womenweb.org.tw/doc/CEDAW_Initial_Report.pdf。<Available at
2011/9/21>。
中華民國行政院主計處，2004。〈人類發展指數(HDI)國際比較〉，
http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=3233&CtUnit=927&BaseDSD=7 。
<Available at 2011/9/21>。
財團法人婦女權益促進發展基金會，2008。〈2008 年度報告書〉，
http://wrp.womenweb.org.tw/Page_Show.asp?Page_ID=591 。<Available at
2011/9/21>。

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