因各地方風土民情與飲食習慣不同，回收之廚餘特性也不盡相同。在中國料理中，使用大量的食用油與鹽類，導致廚餘中含有高量的油脂(約15%)與鹽類(約1%)。因此本研究藉由4種不同特性的實場堆肥以了解高油高鹽廚餘堆肥化施用於種植作物之影響，藉此探討高油高鹽堆肥的特性與應用。
本試驗以傳統廚餘堆肥(General, G)，食品肉類堆肥(Meat, M)，傳統廚餘堆肥與已堆肥7個月肉類堆肥做1:1(v:v)混合(General+Meat, GM)，肉類堆肥於堆肥初期添加水分(Water, W)，共4種特性堆肥共堆肥化261天。以市場常見之小白菜作為盆栽試驗，共栽種三期，分別為第1期栽種時間為2012/6/5至2012/6/27，第2期為2012/7/18至2012/8/9，第3期為2012/9/4至2012/10/4號。
研究結果顯示，4種不同特性堆肥粗脂肪在堆肥化初期(7天內)即大幅降解，平均降解率約為70%，而Na+濃度隨著堆肥化逐漸累積。最終堆肥以TOC、DOC、Phenol、NO3-與NH4+之參數判斷堆肥之成熟狀態，其結果發現，最終之參數雖維持穩定，但由於堆肥經長時間未翻堆，因此判斷為未成熟堆肥。盆栽試驗三期小白菜第1期小白菜存活率不佳外(小於40%)，另外2期小白菜存活率約為100%。盆栽土壤的Na+、K+濃度與TOC隨著堆肥期數增加，但栽種之小白菜植體內的Na+與K+濃度並無隨之增加，而TOC可以幫助小白菜抵抗Na+之迫害，並可以持續供給小白菜養分，及調節土壤中pH與EC的變化。本試驗中小白菜Na+/K+比約為0.48(mg/plant)，比較市售小白菜與本試驗之小白菜Na+/K+比為0.50(mg/plant)，試驗中之小白菜植體中之Na+/K+比與市售小白菜相似。因此試驗中之堆肥，經由混合配比，所栽種之小白菜與市售小白菜之生長與Na+/K+比相似。此試驗中，Na+累積不能作為危害小白菜之依據，適當Na+與K+累積會使小白菜生長良好，因此廚餘堆肥使用上可以經由適當之混合配比(Soil:Compost=7:3, 1:1)及一段時間與農地之間的平衡，方可栽種使用。

As the local culture and daily food vary among areas, the features of kitchen waste for different areas also vary. Cooking oil and salt are used in significant quantity in Chinese cuisine, resulting in the high oil (around 15%) and salt (around 1%) in kitchen waste. Through four types of onsite composting, this study tried to understand the effects on crops from composting kitchen waste with a high level of oil and salt and discussed about the features and application of the compost.
The four types of compost observed in this study were traditional kitchen waste compost (General, G), meat compost (Meat, M), the 1:1 (v:v) mix of traditional kitchen waste compost and 7-month-old meat compost (General+Meat, GM), and meat compost with the addition of water at early stage (Water, W). The four types of compost were composted for a total of 261 days. The experiment was conducted on potted plants of Brassica chinensis, a common vegetable at markets, during three periods of time in 2012. The first period was from June 5thto 27th, the second period was from July 18th to August 9thand the third one was from September 4th to October 4th.
The results showed the lipid in the four types of compost decomposed significantly within the first seven days, the early composting stage, with an average decomposition rate of 70% while the levels of sodium ion in the compost gradually increased. Final compost maturity was determined by the levels of TOC, DOC, Phenol, NO3-and NH4+. Although the final levels in our study were stable, the compost was still determined immature because it hadn’t been turned for a long time. The survival rate was poor in the experiment on potted plants of Brassica chinensis L. in the first period (less than 40%) and the rates for the other two periods were 100%. The later the period was, the higher levels of Na+,K+ and TOC were observed in the soil while the levels of Na+ and K+ in Brassica chinensis didn’t increase in this way. TOC protected Brassica chinensis L. from Na+, continued to support it with nutrition, and regulated pH level and EC change in the soil.
The ratio of Na+/K+ in Brassica chinensis in our study was around 0.48, similar to that (0.5) in Brassica chinensis sold on the market. Therefore, the growth and Na+/K+ ratio were similar for Brassica chinensis grown with the mixed compost in our study and that sold on the market. The accumulation of Na+ didn’t bring damage to the plant in our study, and proper accumulation of Na+ and K+ could assist the growth of plant. Therefore, 
kitchen waste compost can be used on crop if mixed at the right proportion (Soil: Compost=7:3, 1:1) and after a period of time to reach a balance with the soil.

目錄	I
表目錄	VII
圖目錄	VIII
第一章前言	1
1-1研究背景	1
1-2 研究目的	1
第二章文獻回顧	2
2-1堆肥化	2
2-2國內堆肥現況	3
2-3台灣特性堆肥	6
2-4作物生長	11
第三章實驗材料及方法	13
3-1實驗設備及試劑	13
3-2材料	15
3-2-1堆肥	15
3-2-2盆栽試驗	16
3-3方法	16
3-3-1堆肥及盆栽試驗方法	16
3-3-2堆肥與小白菜分析前處理	17
3-3-3堆肥與小白菜分析方法	18
3-3-4 T-test分析方法	24
第四章結果與討論	25
4-1不同性質堆肥初始之理化特性	25
4-1-1不同性質堆肥之溫度	28
4-1-2不同性質堆肥之pH值	30
4-1-3不同性質堆肥粗脂肪降解分析	31
4-1-4不同性質堆肥Na+, K+, EC消長分析	33
4-1-5不同性質堆肥TOC, DOC, Phenol消長分析	37
4-1-6 TOC, DOC, Phenol濃度比例分析	40
4-1-7 NH4+-N/NO3--N濃度分析	41
4-1-8 DOC/TNW變化	42
4-2盆栽試驗	43
4-2-1盆栽土壤初始參數	43
4-2-2小白菜發芽指數	43
4-2-2不同配比之盆栽土壤參數	44
4-2-3不同配比之盆栽土壤對小白菜存活率及生長大小分析	53
4-2-4不同配比之盆栽土壤與小白菜對Na+,K+吸收之影響分析	55
4-3盆栽土壤與小白菜之相互關係	58
4-3-1小白菜乾濕重關係	58
4-3-2盆栽土壤Na+與K+關係	59
4-3-2盆栽土壤EC對小白菜生長之分析	60
4-3-2盆栽土壤TOC對小白菜生長之分析	62
4-3-2 Na+與K+對小白菜生長之分析	63
第五章結論	67
參考文獻	68

表目錄
表2-1 堆肥處理方式	5
表2-2 台北市不同來源廚餘之營養成分%(乾基)	8
表2-3 台中市廚餘成分分析	9
表2-4 各類堆肥油脂濃度	10
表2-5 各類堆肥鈉濃度	10
表3-1 實驗設備	13
表3-2 實驗試劑	13
表4-1 初期堆肥物理及化學特性	27
表4-2 栽種土壤基本參數	43
表4-3 三期盆栽試驗土壤與初始pH	45

圖目錄
圖3-1現地採樣方位圖	15
圖3-2盆栽試驗土壤採樣示意圖	18
圖4-1四種不同特性堆肥之溫度對堆肥時間關係	29
圖4-2四種不同特性堆肥之pH值對堆肥時間關係	31
圖4-3四種不同特性堆肥之粗脂肪對堆肥時間關係	32
圖4-4四種不同特性堆肥之EC對堆肥時間關係	35
圖4-5四種不同特性堆肥之Na+、K+對堆肥時間關係	36
圖4-6四種不同特性堆肥之DOC、Phenol與TOC對堆肥時間關係	39
圖4-7 G堆肥與M堆肥之NH4+-N / NO3--N對堆肥時間關係	41
圖4-8 G堆肥與M堆肥之DOC/TNW對堆肥時間關係	42
圖4-8小白菜之發芽率	44
圖4-9盆栽試驗三期土壤間隔區、水圈與根圈之EC關係	46
圖4-10盆栽試驗三期土壤間隔區、水圈與根圈之Na+關係	48
圖4-11盆栽試驗三期土壤間隔區、水圈與根圈之K+關係	50
圖4-12 盆栽試驗三期土壤間隔區、水圈與根圈之TOC關係	52
圖4-13盆栽試驗三期小白菜存活率與四種不同配比之關係	54
圖4-14盆栽試驗三期小白菜乾溼重比與四種不同配比之關係	54
圖4-15盆栽試驗三期小白菜Na+與四種不同配比之關係	56
圖4-16盆栽試驗三期小白菜K+與四種不同配比之關係	56
圖4-17盆栽試驗三期小白菜Na+/K+比與四種不同配比之關係	57
圖4-18小白菜乾溼重之相關趨勢	58
圖4-19盆栽土壤Na+對K+之相關趨勢	59
圖4-20盆栽土壤Na+對K+對TOC之相關趨勢	60
圖4-21盆栽土壤Na+對K+對EC之相關趨勢	61
圖4-22盆栽土壤EC對小白菜乾重之相關趨勢	61
圖4-23盆栽土壤TOC對小白菜乾重之相關趨勢	62
圖4-24盆栽土壤TOC對小白菜莖/根比之相關趨勢	63
圖4-25小白菜中Na+對K+之相關趨勢	65
圖4-26盆栽土壤Na+, K+對小白菜Na+, K+之相關趨勢	65
圖4-27小白菜Na+, K+對小白菜乾重之相關趨勢	66

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