近年來擴增實境與臉部掃描技術逐漸成熟，各大企業趕上趨勢對相關產業進行投資研究甚至自行研究開發，造成相關之應用接連推出，重塑了許多過去的產業、服務、想法以及做事方式，但並非每項創新服務或產品都能受到消費者的接受與青睞，故探討消費者對創新之抵制因素相當重要，因為在了解抵制原因後就能進一步避免與改善產品，進而讓消費者從抵制創新到接受創新。因此，本研究以創新抵制理論為基礎，探討使用者對於臉部掃描擴增實境試戴眼鏡服務採用之抵制因素，找出需要特別關注、克服的障礙，另外也將擴增實境技術所帶來的自我臨場感做為調節變數，探討其是否能夠調節各障礙與創新抵制之間的關係，以提供服務業者擬訂行銷方案或改良產品、服務之方向。本研究透過網路問卷調查法蒐集樣本資料，總共蒐集了332份有效樣本，並且利用SmartPLS 3.0的結構方程模式(SEM)來做分析。結果顯示價值障礙、隱私風險障礙、績效風險障礙、傳統障礙以及印象障礙是採用臉部掃描擴增實境試戴眼鏡服務創新抵制的重要因素，而自我臨場感也能調節價值障礙、隱私風險障礙、績效風險障礙以及印象障礙對創新抵制行為意圖之間的影響。

In recent years, Augmented Reality and face scanning technology have gradually matured. Major companies have caught up with the trend of investment or research to develop their own innovative products. This results in the continuous launch of related applications and has been reshaping many past industries, services, ideas and ways of doing things. However, not every innovation service or product can be accepted or favored by consumers, so it is very important to investigate consumers’ resistance factors to innovation services. Products can be further improved and make consumers go from resisting innovation to accepting innovation through understanding the reasons for the resistance. Therefore, based on the Innovation resistance theory, this study explored the resistance factors of users using face scanning with Augmented Reality glasses try-on service. In addition, we adopted self-presence as the moderator to explore whether it can moderate the relationship between each barrier and innovation resistance. A total of 332 valid samples were collected through an online survey. We used SmartPLS 3.0 as the structural equation model (SEM) technique to do analysis. The results show that value barrier, privacy risk barrier, performance risk barrier, tradition barrier, and image barrier are important resistance factors of users using face scanning with Augmented Reality glasses try-on service. And self-presence can moderate the effects of value barrier, privacy risk barrier, performance risk barrier, image barrier on innovation resistance.

目錄
第1章	緒論	1
1.1	研究背景	1
1.2	研究動機與目的	2
第2章	文獻探討與假說推論	4
2.1	實境技術	4
2.2	臉部辨識與掃描	5
2.3	創新抵制 (Innovation Resistance)	6
2.3.1	創新的定義	6
2.3.2	創新、新技術的採用與抵制	7
2.3.3	創新抵制理論 (Innovation Resistance Theory)	9
2.4	研究架構	11
2.4.1	採用創新的障礙	12
2.4.2	調節變數-自我臨場感(Self-presence)	16
第3章	研究方法與步驟	20
3.1	問卷調查法	20
3.2	研究主題	20
3.3	資料蒐集方式	23
3.4	變項定義與衡量	23
3.4.1	使用障礙	24
3.4.2	價值障礙	24
3.4.3	風險障礙	25
3.4.4	傳統障礙	26
3.4.5	印象障礙	27
3.4.6	創新抵制	27
3.4.7	自我臨場感	28
第4章	研究結果	29
4.1	一般敘述性統計	29
4.2	量測模型	29
4.3	結構模式(Structural model)	33
4.4	分析結果	34
第5章	研究發現與討論	38
第6章	研究結論與建議	41
6.1	研究結論	41
6.2	管理意涵	41
6.3	研究限制與後續研究建議	43
第7章	參考文獻	44
附錄一：正式問卷	53

圖目錄
圖 2 1研究架構	12
圖 3 1臉部掃描示意圖	21
圖 3 2臉部掃描示意圖	21
圖 3 3臉部掃描示意圖	21
圖 3 4臉部模型示意圖	22
圖 3 5臉部模型示意圖	22
圖 3 6臉部掃描列表示意圖	22
圖 3 7臉部數據示意圖	22
圖 3 8臉部數據示意圖	22
圖 3 9臉部數據示意圖	22
圖 3 10擴增實境試戴眼鏡示意圖	22
圖 4 1模型分析結果	33
圖 4 2自我臨場感對價值障礙與創新抵制行為意圖之間關係的調節效果分析	35
圖 4 3自我臨場感對隱私風險障礙與創新抵制行為意圖之間關係的調節效果分析	36
圖 4 4自我臨場感對績效風險障礙與創新抵制行為意圖之間關係的調節效果分析	36
圖 4 5自我臨場感對印象障礙與創新抵制行為意圖之間關係的調節效果分析	37

表目錄
表 2 1應用創新抵制理論之研究整理	10
表 3 1使用障礙問項	24
表 3 2價值障礙問項	24
表 3 3隱私風險障礙問項	25
表 3 4績效風險障礙問項	26
表 3 5傳統障礙問項	26
表 3 6印象障礙問項	27
表 3 7創新抵制問項	27
表 3 8自我臨場感問項	28
表 4 1受測者之敘述性統計	29
表 4 2信度檢測結果	30
表 4 3效度檢測結果	30
表 4 4因素負荷量、交叉負荷量、平均數測量結果	31
表 4 5偏度、峰度、區別效度測量結果	32
表 4 6 R Square分析結果	33
表 4 7分析結果	34

周倩、林華，〈電腦網路與傳播問卷調查〉，中華傳播學會 97 年會暨論文研討會論文，台北，1997。
衛生福利部國民健康署，〈近視是疾病！國健署推動「護眼123」幫孩子從小存視力〉，網址：https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1405&pid=8618，上網日期：2018。
Adapa, A., Nah, F. F.-H., Hall, R. H., Siau, K., and Smith, S. N. 2018. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Smart Wearable Devices," International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction (34:5), pp. 399-409.
Adroit Market Research. 2020. "Facial Recognition Market by Technology (2d Facial Recognition, 3d Facial Recognition, Facial Analytics Recognition), Application, End User (Bfsi, Media & Entertainment, Telecom & It, Government & Defense, Healthcare, Retail & E-Commerce), and by Region and Global Forecast 2018 to 2025."
Afuah, A. N., and Utterback, J. M. 1997. "Responding to Structural Industry Changes: A Technological Evolution Perspective," Industrial and corporate change (6:1), pp. 183-202.
Ajzen, I. 1991. "The Theory of Planned Behavior," Organizational behavior and human decision processes (50:2), pp. 179-211.
Anderson, C. L., and Agarwal, R. 2011. "The Digitization of Healthcare: Boundary Risks, Emotion, and Consumer Willingness to Disclose Personal Health Information," Information Systems Research (22:3), pp. 469-490.
Antioco, M., and Kleijnen, M. 2010. "Consumer Adoption of Technological Innovations: Effects of Psychological and Functional Barriers in a Lack of Content Versus a Presence of Content Situation," European Journal of Marketing).
Aymerich-Franch, L., Karutz, C., and Bailenson, J. N. 2012. "Effects of Facial and Voice Similarity on Presence in a Public Speaking Virtual Environment," Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference, pp. 24-26.
Bélanger, F., and Crossler, R. E. 2011. "Privacy in the Digital Age: A Review of Information Privacy Research in Information Systems," MIS quarterly (35:4), pp. 1017-1042.
Bagozzi, R. P., and Yi, Y. 1988. "On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models," Journal of the academy of marketing science (16:1), pp. 74-94.
Bailenson, J. N., Blascovich, J., and Guadagno, R. E. 2008. "Self‐Representations in Immersive Virtual Environments 1," Journal of Applied Social Psychology (38:11), pp. 2673-2690.
Behm-Morawitz, E., Lewallen, J., and Choi, G. 2016. "A Second Chance at Health: How a 3d Virtual World Can Improve Health Self-Efficacy for Weight Loss Management among Adults," Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking (19:2), pp. 74-79.
Belanger, F., and Crossler, R. E. 2019. "Dealing with Digital Traces: Understanding Protective Behaviors on Mobile Devices," The Journal of Strategic Information Systems (28:1), pp. 34-49.
Biocca, F. 1997. "The Cyborg's Dilemma: Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments," Journal of computer-mediated communication (3:2), p. JCMC324.
Biocca, F., and Harms, C. 1995. "Presence," Presentation at a workshop on Cognitive Issues in Virtual Reality, VR ‘95 Conference and Expo, San Jose, CA.
Biocca, F., Harms, C., and Burgoon, J. K. 2003. "Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria," Presence: Teleoperators & virtual environments (12:5), pp. 456-480.
Business Council of Australia. 1993. "Managing the Innovating Enterprise."
CB Insights. 2019. "Ai Trends to Watch in 2019."
Chen, H.-S., Tsai, B.-K., and Hsieh, C.-M. 2018. "The Effects of Perceived Barriers on Innovation Resistance of Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycles," Sustainability (10:6), p. 1933.
Cheng, S. W., Cheong, M., Lee, J. L., Lim, J. T., and Mok, W. K. 2018. "Curbs on Modern Technology: Barriers of Resistance Towards E-Wallet in Malaysia." UTAR.
Chuah, S. H.-W. 2018. "Why and Who Will Adopt Extended Reality Technology? Literature Review, Synthesis, and Future Research Agenda," Literature Review, Synthesis, and Future Research Agenda (December 13, 2018)).
Claudy, M. C., Garcia, R., and O’Driscoll, A. 2015. "Consumer Resistance to Innovation—a Behavioral Reasoning Perspective," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (43:4), pp. 528-544.
Cranmer, E., Jung, T., tom Dieck, M. C., and Miller, A. 2016. "Understanding the Acceptance of Augmented Reality at an Organisational Level: The Case of Geevor Tin Mine Museum," in Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2016. Springer, pp. 637-650.
Damanpour, F. 1991. "Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators," Academy of management journal (34:3), pp. 555-590.
De Ruyter, K., Wetzels, M., and Kleijnen, M. 2001. "Customer Adoption of E‐Service: An Experimental Study," International journal of service industry management).
Featherman, M. S., and Pavlou, P. A. 2003. "Predicting E-Services Adoption: A Perceived Risk Facets Perspective," International journal of human-computer studies (59:4), pp. 451-474.
Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. 1981. "Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics." SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Gatignon, H., and Robertson, T. S. 1985. "A Propositional Inventory for New Diffusion Research," Journal of consumer research (11:4), pp. 849-867.
Gefen, D., and Straub, D. 2005. "A Practical Guide to Factorial Validity Using Pls-Graph: Tutorial and Annotated Example," Communications of the Association for Information systems (16:1), p. 5.
Gibson, J. 1979. "The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston, Ma, Us." Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
Goldman Sachs. 2016. "Virtual & Augmented Reality: Understanding the Race for the Next Computing Platform."
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., and Black, W. C. 2010. "Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (Vol. 7)." Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., and Sarstedt, M. 2016. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Pls-Sem). Sage publications.
Hamari, J., Malik, A., Koski, J., and Johri, A. 2019. "Uses and Gratifications of Pokémon Go: Why Do People Play Mobile Location-Based Augmented Reality Games?," International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction (35:9), pp. 804-819.
Henseler, J., Hubona, G., and Ray, P. A. 2016. "Using Pls Path Modeling in New Technology Research: Updated Guidelines," Industrial management & data systems).
Hong, A., Nam, C., and Kim, S. 2019. "What Will Be the Possible Barriers to Consumers’ Adoption of Smart Home Services?," Telecommunications Policy), p. 101867.
Hosa, N., Van Bommel, J.-P., Hürst, W., Nijboer, T., Veltkamp, R. C., and Werkhoven, P. 2019. "Embodying an Extra Virtual Body in Augmented Reality," 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR): IEEE, pp. 1138-1139.
Irani, Z., Sipior, J. C., Ward, B. T., and Connolly, R. 2013. "Empirically Assessing the Continued Applicability of the Iuipc Construct," Journal of Enterprise Information Management).
iThome. 2019. "為何臉部辨識需要大量在地人臉資料？." from https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/131691
Jansukpum, K., and Kettem, S. 2015. "Applying Innovation Resistance Theory to Understand Consumer Resistance of Using Online Travel in Thailand," 2015 14th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications for Business Engineering and Science (DCABES): IEEE, pp. 139-142.
Jin, S.-A. A. 2010. "“I Feel More Connected to the Physically Ideal Mini Me Than the Mirror-Image Mini Me”: Theoretical Implications of the “Malleable Self” for Speculations on the Effects of Avatar Creation on Avatar–Self Connection in Wii," Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking (13:5), pp. 567-570.
Jin, S.-A. A., and Park, N. 2009. "Parasocial Interaction with My Avatar: Effects of Interdependent Self-Construal and the Mediating Role of Self-Presence in an Avatar-Based Console Game, Wii," CyberPsychology & Behavior (12:6), pp. 723-727.
Joachim, V., Spieth, P., and Heidenreich, S. 2018. "Active Innovation Resistance: An Empirical Study on Functional and Psychological Barriers to Innovation Adoption in Different Contexts," Industrial Marketing Management (71), pp. 95-107.
Joshi, K. 2005. "Understanding User Resistance and Acceptance During the Implementation of an Order Management System: A Case Study Using the Equity Implementation Model," Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research (7:1), pp. 6-20.
Kang, Y., and Kim, S. 2009. "Understanding User Resistance to Participation in Multihop Communications," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (14:2), pp. 328-351.
Kim, and Kankanhalli, A. 2009. "Investigating User Resistance to Information Systems Implementation: A Status Quo Bias Perspective," MIS quarterly), pp. 567-582.
Kim, Y., and Han, H. 2010. "Intention to Pay Conventional-Hotel Prices at a Green Hotel–a Modification of the Theory of Planned Behavior," Journal of Sustainable Tourism (18:8), pp. 997-1014.
Kleijnen, M., De Ruyter, K., and Andreassen, T. W. 2005. "Image Congruence and the Adoption of Service Innovations," Journal of Service Research (7:4), pp. 343-359.
Kleijnen, M., Lee, N., and Wetzels, M. 2009. "An Exploration of Consumer Resistance to Innovation and Its Antecedents," Journal of economic psychology (30:3), pp. 344-357.
Knight, J. M. 2018. "Presence in a Persuasive Drinking and Driving Message,").
Kotler, P. 2003. "Marketing Management, 11™ Ed," Upper Saddle River NJ).
Lapointe, L., and Rivard, S. 2005. "A Multilevel Model of Resistance to Information Technology Implementation," MIS quarterly), pp. 461-491.
Laukkanen, T. 2016. "Consumer Adoption Versus Rejection Decisions in Seemingly Similar Service Innovations: The Case of the Internet and Mobile Banking," Journal of Business Research (69:7), pp. 2432-2439.
Laukkanen, T., and Kiviniemi, V. 2010. "The Role of Information in Mobile Banking Resistance," International Journal of bank marketing (28:5), pp. 372-388.
Lee. 2004. "Presence, Explicated," Communication theory (14:1), pp. 27-50.
Leong, L.-Y., Hew, T.-S., Ooi, K.-B., and Wei, J. 2020. "Predicting Mobile Wallet Resistance: A Two-Staged Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Network Approach," International Journal of Information Management (51), p. 102047.
Li, and Lwin. 2016. "Player See, Player Do: Testing an Exergame Motivation Model Based on the Influence of the Self Avatar," Computers in Human Behavior (59), pp. 350-357.
Li, H., Gupta, A., Zhang, J., and Sarathy, R. 2014. "Examining the Decision to Use Standalone Personal Health Record Systems as a Trust-Enabled Fair Social Contract," Decision Support Systems (57), pp. 376-386.
Lian, J.-W., Liu, H.-M., and Liu, I.-L. 2012. "Applying Innovation Resistance Theory to Understand User Acceptance of Online Shopping: The Moderating Effect of Different Product Types," Computer Technology and Application (3:2).
Lian, J.-W., and Yen, D. C. 2013. "To Buy or Not to Buy Experience Goods Online: Perspective of Innovation Adoption Barriers," Computers in Human Behavior (29:3), pp. 665-672.
Lu, H. P., Hsu, C. L., and Hsu, H. Y. 2005. "An Empirical Study of the Effect of Perceived Risk Upon Intention to Use Online Applications," Information management & computer security).
Makransky, G., Lilleholt, L., and Aaby, A. 2017. "Development and Validation of the Multimodal Presence Scale for Virtual Reality Environments: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory Approach," Computers in Human Behavior (72), pp. 276-285.
Mani, Z., and Chouk, I. 2018. "Consumer Resistance to Innovation in Services: Challenges and Barriers in the Internet of Things Era," Journal of Product Innovation Management (35:5), pp. 780-807.
Marakas, G. M., and Hornik, S. 1996. "Passive Resistance Misuse: Overt Support and Covert Recalcitrance in Is Implementation," European Journal of Information Systems (5:3), pp. 208-219.
Martins, C., Oliveira, T., and Popovič, A. 2014. "Understanding the Internet Banking Adoption: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Perceived Risk Application," International Journal of Information Management (34:1), pp. 1-13.
McDermott, C. M., and O'Connor, G. C. 2002. "Managing Radical Innovation: An Overview of Emergent Strategy Issues," Journal of Product Innovation Management: an international publication of the product development & management association (19:6), pp. 424-438.
Meuter, M. L., Ostrom, A. L., Bitner, M. J., and Roundtree, R. 2003. "The Influence of Technology Anxiety on Consumer Use and Experiences with Self-Service Technologies," Journal of Business Research (56:11), pp. 899-906.
Micallef, J.-F. 2016. "Play, Effect, Reflect: A Phenomenological Study of Reflective Self-Consciousness in Players’ Experiences of Digital Games," Proceedings of the 2016 Philosophy of Computer Games Conference.
Moar, J. 2020. "Mobile Payment Authentication: Biometrics, Regulation & Forecasts 2020-2024."
Moorthy, K., Suet Ling, C., Weng Fatt, Y., Mun Yee, C., Ket Yin, E. C., Sin Yee, K., and Kok Wei, L. 2017. "Barriers of Mobile Commerce Adoption Intention: Perceptions of Generation X in Malaysia," Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research (12:2), pp. 37-53.
Newzoo. 2019. "The New Reality for Mobile Gaming: The Vr/Ar Opportunity."
Oreg, S. 2003. "Resistance to Change: Developing an Individual Differences Measure," Journal of applied psychology (88:4), p. 680.
Perkins Coie. 2018. "Augmented and Virtual Reality Survey Report," Perkins Coie), pp. 1-20.
Porter, M. E., and Heppelmann, J. E. 2017. "Why Every Organization Needs an Augmented Reality Strategy," HBR’S 10 MUST), p. 85.
Ram, S. 1987. "A Model of Innovation Resistance," ACR North American Advances (14), pp. 208-212.
Ram, S., and Sheth, J. N. 1989. "Consumer Resistance to Innovations: The Marketing Problem and Its Solutions.," Journal of Consumer Marketing (6:2), pp. 5-14.
Rauschnabel, P. A., and Ro, Y. K. 2016. "Augmented Reality Smart Glasses: An Investigation of Technology Acceptance Drivers," International Journal of Technology Marketing (11:2), pp. 123-148.
Rauschnabel, P. A., Rossmann, A., and tom Dieck, M. C. 2017. "An Adoption Framework for Mobile Augmented Reality Games: The Case of Pokémon Go," Computers in Human Behavior (76), pp. 276-286.
Ro, Y. K., Brem, A., and Rauschnabel, P. A. 2018. "Augmented Reality Smart Glasses: Definition, Concepts and Impact on Firm Value Creation," in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. Springer, pp. 169-181.
Rogers. 1962. "Diffusion of Innovation," NY: Free Press).
Rogers. 1983. "Diffusion of Innovations. New York: A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co." Inc.
Rogers. 1995. "Diffusion of Innovations: Modifications of a Model for Telecommunications," in Die Diffusion Von Innovationen in Der Telekommunikation. Springer, pp. 25-38.
Rogers. 1998. "The Definition and Measurement of Innovation." Citeseer.
Rogers. 2003. "Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press," New York (551).
Rowe, L. A., and Boise, W. B. 1974. "Organizational Innovation: Current Research and Evolving Concepts," Public Administration Review (34:3), pp. 284-293.
Schepers, J., and Wetzels, M. 2007. "A Meta-Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model: Investigating Subjective Norm and Moderation Effects," Information & management (44:1), pp. 90-103.
Schumpeter, J. A. 1982. "The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle (1912/1934)," Transaction Publishers.–1982.–January (1), p. 244.
Schwaig, K. S., Segars, A. H., Grover, V., and Fiedler, K. D. 2013. "A Model of Consumers’ Perceptions of the Invasion of Information Privacy," Information & Management (50:1), pp. 1-12.
Seo, Y., Kim, M., Jung, Y., and Lee, D. 2017. "Avatar Face Recognition and Self-Presence," Computers in Human Behavior (69), pp. 120-127.
Sheehan, K. B., and Hoy, M. G. 1999. "Using E-Mail to Survey Internet Users in the United States: Methodology and Assessment," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (4:3), p. JCMC435.
Sheth, J. 1981. "Psychology of Innovation Resistance," Research in Marketing (4), pp. 273-282.
Sivathanu, B. 2019. "Adoption of Digital Payment Systems in the Era of Demonetization in India," Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management).
Slater, M., and Wilbur, S. 1997. "A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (Five): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments," Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments (6:6), pp. 603-616.
Smith, and Leigh, B. 1997. "Virtual Subjects: Using the Internet as an Alternative Source of Subjects and Research Environment," Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers (29:4), pp. 496-505.
Smith, H. J., Dinev, T., and Xu, H. 2011. "Information Privacy Research: An Interdisciplinary Review," MIS quarterly (35:4), pp. 989-1016.
Statistical Office of the European Communities. 1997. Oslo Manual: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. OECD Publishing.
Steuer, J. 1992. "Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence," Journal of communication (42:4), pp. 73-93.
Suh, A., and Prophet, J. 2018. "The State of Immersive Technology Research: A Literature Analysis," Computers in Human Behavior (86), pp. 77-90.
Szmigin, I., and Foxall, G. 1998. "Three Forms of Innovation Resistance: The Case of Retail Payment Methods," Technovation (18:6-7), pp. 459-468.
Tamborini, R., and Skalski, P. 2006. "The Role of Presence in the Experience of Electronic Games," Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences), pp. 225-240.
Technavio. 2017. "Global Facial Recognition Market 2017-2021."
Tuten, T. L. 1997. "Electronic Methods of Collecting Survey Data: A Review Of'e-Research',").
Twiss, B. C., and Goodridge, M. 1989. Managing Technology for Competitive Advantage: Integrating Technological and Organisational Development: From Strategy to Action. Trans-Atlantic Pubns.
Urabe, K., Child, J., and Kagono, T. 1988. Innovation and Management: International Comparisons. Walter de Gruyter.
Van Slyke, C., Shim, J., Johnson, R., and Jiang, J. J. 2006. "Concern for Information Privacy and Online Consumer Purchasing," Journal of the Association for Information Systems (7:6), p. 16.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., and Davis, F. D. 2003. "User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View," MIS quarterly), pp. 425-478.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., and Xu, X. 2012. "Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology," MIS quarterly), pp. 157-178.
Victoria, H. 2017. "Warby Parker Uses the Iphone X to Fit Your Face for Glasses." from https://mashable.com/2017/11/08/iphone-x-warby-parker/
Walther, J., and Parks, M. 2002. "Cues Filtered out, Cues Filtered In: Computers-Mediated Communications Add Relationships," ML Knapp, & JA Daly (A cura di), Handbook of interpersonal communication).
Witmer, B. G., and Singer, M. J. 1998. "Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire," Presence (7:3), pp. 225-240.
Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, H., and Yu, B. 2015. "Understanding Perceived Risks in Mobile Payment Acceptance," Industrial Management & Data Systems).