系統識別號 | U0002-2608201514165400 |
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DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2015.00931 |
論文名稱(中文) | 螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾模組之海水淡化理論與實驗研究 |
論文名稱(英文) | Theoretical and experimental studies of concentric-tube air gap membrane distillation with helical wire on saline water desalination |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 103 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 104 |
研究生(中文) | 吳昆逸 |
研究生(英文) | Kun-Yi Wu |
學號 | 602400482 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2015-07-16 |
論文頁數 | 115頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
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張正良(chlchang@mail.tku.edu.tw)
共同指導教授 - 何啟東(cdho@mail.tku.edu.tw) 委員 - 葉和明(hmyeh@mail.tku.edu.tw) 委員 - 蔡少偉(tsai@mail.cgu.edu.tw) 委員 - 何啟東(cdho@mail.tku.edu.tw) |
關鍵字(中) |
同心管 螺旋檔板 純水產量 海水淡化 |
關鍵字(英) |
Concentric-tube AGMD Wire helix Pure water productivity Desalination |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
氣隔式薄膜蒸餾原理乃是利用薄膜兩側的飽和蒸汽壓差為驅動力促使水蒸氣通過薄膜及其氣隔層後,在冷凝板上冷凝,進而達到分離的效果,然而,當薄膜蒸餾發生所謂的溫度極化現象時,其對於系統產能會有相當顯著的影響,此現象越明顯則產能相對低落。 本研究針對套管型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾之主要設備進行效率改善的研究,目的為:(1)設計螺旋因子,以增加熱側熱流體在系統內部之滯留時間,並增加熱交換,進而提升透膜通量,並歸納出一新型納賽數經驗公式 (2)藉由一維數學模型針對氣隔式薄膜蒸餾熱量與質量傳送機制進行研究,配合實驗分析以驗證經驗公式與數學模型的正確性,並探討在不同之設計參數及操作條件對於薄膜蒸餾系統之流體溫度分佈、溫度極化現象、純水透膜通量增加百分率與水力損耗提升百分率的影響。 根據研究結果顯示,套管型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾薄膜蒸餾系統之理論值與實驗值的相對誤差總平均為9.02 %,而添加螺旋檔板後能夠有效的提升系統透膜通量,在本研究設定的操作條件之中,最高可達到約31%的增益。 |
英文摘要 |
The air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) module contains a stagnant air gap interposed between the membrane and condensation surface contacting with the cold stream. A new design of the capillary AGMD device winding a wire helix within the annulus of the concentric circular tube was investigated theoretically and experimentally in aiming to increase the pure water productivity in saline water desalination. The hot sea water stream flowing through the annulus of a concentric circular AGMD module, which a tight fitting wire spiral in a small annular spacing is inserted, could enhance the improvement of device performance. With decreasing of the concentric tube curvature as compared to the small thickness of the annulus, the heat transfer behavior in helical channel is approaching the heat transfer in straight flat channel. The effects of various operation parameters including the fluid inlet temperature, volumetric flow rate, air gap thickness and spiral wire pitch on the heat transfer efficiency and pure water productivity are also delineated. In addition, the mathematical treatment proposed in this study to correlate the simplified equation for estimating the heat transfer coefficient can also be applied to the porous membranes in MD processes. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 中文摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅱ 目錄 Ⅲ 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 IX 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 引言 1 1-2 薄膜蒸餾系統簡介 4 1.3. 研究動機與方向 7 第二章 文獻回顧 10 2-1薄膜蒸餾 10 2-2螺旋通道型系統設計 15 第三章 理論分析 17 3-1 螺旋型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾之熱量、質量傳送機制分析 17 3-1-1 螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾質傳機制之理論分析 20 3-1-2 螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾熱傳機制之理論分析 27 3-1-3 溫度極化現象 33 3-2螺旋通道型系統之螺旋因子納賽數經驗公式建立與模型 36 3-3 螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統一維理論模型之建立 39 3-3-1螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統一維理論模型 40 3-3-2高斯正交法 44 3-3-3理論數據取得與計算分析流程-朗吉庫塔數值解析方法 46 3-3-4實驗數據之取得與分析計算流程 50 3-3-5系統水力損耗 55 3-4 數學模擬參數之設定 57 第四章 實驗分析 60 4-1 螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統 60 4-2 實驗步驟 68 第五章 結果與討論 69 5-1螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統之納賽數經驗公式迴歸分析 69 5-2套管型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統 73 5-2-1 系統操作變因對於透膜通量之影響 73 5-2-2 溫度分佈與溫度極化現象 74 5-3螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統 81 5-3-1螺旋因子對於透膜通量之影響 81 5-3-2 溫度分佈與溫度極化現象 82 5-4設計參數於透膜通量與水力損耗之影響 90 5-4-1透膜通量增益程度與水力損耗提升程度 91 5-4-2透膜通量與水力損耗提升程度之比較 93 第六章 結論 99 6-1 螺旋通道型之納賽數經驗公式迴歸分析 99 6-2 套管型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統 100 6-3添加螺旋檔板之螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統 100 6-4模組設計參數於透膜通量與水力損耗之影響 101 符號說明 102 參考文獻 109 圖目錄 圖1-1 海水淡化成本 3 圖1-2 薄膜蒸餾模組之型態 5 圖1-3 薄膜蒸餾之模組型式 6 圖1-4 研究架構圖 9 圖3-1-1 薄膜蒸餾系統熱量及質量傳送機制示意圖 18 圖3-1-2薄膜蒸餾於薄膜內部之質量傳送阻力模式 23 圖3-1-3氣隔式薄膜蒸餾之質量傳送阻力示意圖 26 圖3-1-4氣隔式薄膜蒸餾之熱量傳送阻力串聯模式 27 圖3-1-5薄膜蒸餾於薄膜內部熱量傳送之阻力模式 29 圖3-1-6溫度極化示意圖 33 圖3-3-1 (a)順流操作之平板型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統示意圖 41 (b)順流操作之螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統示意圖 42 圖3-3-2朗吉庫塔法之計算示意圖(冷側與熱側長度不相當) 45 圖3-3-3朗吉庫塔法求解聯立方程組之計算示意圖 45 圖3-3-4螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統之熱側和冷側溫度分佈圖 49 圖3-3-5朗吉庫塔法求聯立方程組之計算示意圖 49 圖3-3-6套管型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統運算流程圖 53 圖3-3-7螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統運算流程圖 54 圖4-1-1 順流螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統簡圖 61 圖4-1-2 氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統實驗設備圖(a)套管型(b)螺旋通道型 61 圖4-1-3螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾模組分解圖 63 圖4-1-4鋁管實際圖 64 圖4-1-5中央之壓克力管實際圖 64 圖4-1-6中央之壓克力管(套入薄膜)實際圖 65 圖4-1-7 壓克力條 65 圖4-1-8 2cm pitch 壓克力螺旋擋板模具與實際圖 66 圖4-1-9 3cm pitch 壓克力螺旋擋板模具與實際圖 66 圖4-1-10 固定螺旋檔板後之薄膜管 67 圖4-1-11套管型氣隔式模組實際圖(c)套管型(Base case) (d) 螺旋通道型 67 圖5-1-1 通道流體速度與通道截面積關係圖 72 圖5-1-2 納賽數理論值與實驗值比較圖 72 圖5-2-1 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且熱流層流體為純水下,不同操作參數對於透膜通量之影響 77 圖5-2-2 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且進料端流體為鹽水下,不同操作參數對於透膜通量之影響 77 圖5-2-3 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且熱流層流體為鹽水下,不同體積流對於主流區域、熱流層薄膜表面與冷凝液表面溫度分佈之影響 79 圖5-2-4 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且熱流層流體為鹽水時,不同操作參數於溫度極化係數之影響 79 圖5-3-1 順流操作下且熱側流體為純水時,添加螺旋型檔板(寬度2cm)之不同操作參數對於透膜通量之關係圖 83 圖5-3-2 順流操作下且熱側流體為鹽水時,添加螺旋型檔板(寬度2cm)之不同操作參數對於透膜通量之關係圖 83 圖5-3-3 順流操作下且熱側流體為純水時,添加螺旋型檔板寬度3cm之不同操作參數對於透膜通量之關係圖 84 圖5-3-4 順流操作下且熱側流體為鹽水時,添加螺旋型檔板(寬度3cm)之不同操作參數對於透膜通量之關係圖 84 圖5-3-5 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且熱流層流體為鹽水下,不同寬度之螺 旋型檔板之寬度與操作參數對於透膜通量之影響 85 圖5-3-6 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且熱流層流體為鹽水下,套管型系統與螺旋通道型系統於主流區、熱流層薄膜表面與冷凝液表面溫度分佈之影響 88 圖5-3-7 冷流層固定25℃進口溫度且熱流層流體為鹽水下,不同螺旋檔板寬度與操作參數於溫度極化係數之影響 88 圖5-4-1 在鹽水操作下,不同模組設計參數之理論透膜通量增益程度與水力損耗提升程度比較圖 98 表目錄 表1-1 全球水資源蘊含量分佈情形 2 表1-2 不同操作型態之薄膜蒸餾應用領域 6 表3-2-1經驗式參數表 36 表3-4-1 模組相關參數 57 表3-4-2 疏水性薄膜(聚四氟乙烯+聚丙烯複合膜)相關參數 57 表3-4-3 流體相關參數 58 表3-4-4 流體相關參數式 59 表4-1 PTFE/PP複合膜之薄膜性質 65 表5-1-1 納賽數經驗公式所需實驗數據之操作變因表 69 表5-2-1冷流層固定25℃度進口溫度下,套管型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾系統實驗值與理論值之相對誤差比較表 78 表5-2-2不同操作參數下於平均溫度極化係數之影響比較表 80 表5-3-1冷流進口25℃且熱流流體為純水下,添加寬度不同之螺旋型檔板 與操作參數之實驗與理論值相對誤差比較表 86 表5-3-2冷流進口25℃且熱流流體為鹽水下,添加寬度不同之螺旋型檔板 與操作參數之實驗與理論值相對誤差比較表 87 表5-3-3不同操作參數下於平均溫度極化係數之影響比較表 89 表5-4-1順流純水操作下套管型與螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾模組系統,不同螺旋檔板寬度之理論透膜通量增益比例表 94 表5-4-2順流鹽水操作下套管型與螺旋通道型氣隔式薄膜蒸餾模組系統, 不同螺旋檔板寬度之理論透膜通量增益比例表 95 表5-4-3鹽水進料下,不同螺旋檔板寬度與操作參數之水力損耗提升程度比 較表 96 表5-4-4順流鹽水操作下,不同模組設計參數之理論透膜通量增益程度與水力損耗提升程度比值表 97 |
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