系統識別號 | U0002-2608201512180800 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2015.00930 |
論文名稱(中文) | 干擾效應下高層建築物局部極值風壓特性之探討 |
論文名稱(英文) | Interference effects on local peak pressure between two identical high-rise square prisms |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 土木工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Civil Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 103 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 104 |
研究生(中文) | 蔡牧蓁 |
研究生(英文) | Mu-Chen Tsai |
學號 | 602380221 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2015-07-13 |
論文頁數 | 228頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
羅元隆
委員 - 羅元隆 委員 - 陳振華 委員 - 陳若華 |
關鍵字(中) |
高層建築物 風壓實驗 干擾效應 干擾因子 |
關鍵字(英) |
High-rise building Wind pressure test Interference effect Interference factor |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
現今隨著經濟的發展和科技的進步,人口膨脹迅速,有限的土地與空間不斷減少的現況下,建築物只有向上發展,因此現代都市中便林立了越來越多高層建築物。高層建築物的設計發展方向朝向高度高且質量輕,除了地震力要考量之外,建築物受風的敏感程度亦無可避免地增加。因此風力對於結構物的反應成為高層建築物設計中重要的一環。 在高樓林立的現代都會區中,高層建築物之間存在的相互干擾效應是相當複雜風力載重計算問題。國內外已有若干學者針對流場特性、幾何造型、相對位置、以及來風向之干擾效應造成的整體風力及局部風壓做出定量的描述。然而由於影響因素甚多,且若存在兩棟以上干擾建物時,干擾效應的形成將更為複雜且無法單純以線性疊加方式推測。 本研究進行為使造成干擾效應之來源因素單純化且易於探討,利用壓力量測法之風洞實驗,擬以兩棟相同高寬比為6的方柱建物,在α=0.24的鄉鎮地況下,一者作為可移動的干擾建物,一者作為為固定位置的主要建物。探討在干擾效應下,高層建築物最大風壓係數與最小風壓係數之分布,並以Gumbel和Weibull極值分布理論為基礎,探討極值分布型態受到干擾效應影響下之變化情形,並定義干擾因子對其對建築物外牆披覆物之影響。 本實驗結果得知最大風壓係數會出現在(x/B,y/B) = (3,3)位置,表示干擾建物在主要建物45°之位置可能有較大的影響。最小風壓係數會出現在干擾建物在主要建物上游處y/B = 0,因為干擾建物在後方會產生渦流使主要建物之迎風面能量增加。但本文實驗僅於x/B = -3~3、y/B = 0~3範圍之間,或許極值的發生可能在範圍以外。 |
英文摘要 |
In today's developed society, the explosion in population accelerates the growth of high-rise buildings in urban terrains. However, limited by land resource, high-rise buildings tend to be constructed by means of lighter material and higher levels, which inevitably results in a sensitive feature to wind-excited response rather than earthquake. Therefore, to understand the dynamic behavior of a tall building under wind loadings is attracting more and more concerns. Interference effect between any two neighboring buildings is especially focused in an urban area. The complex phenomenon may be triggered by many factors, such as surrounding flow characteristics, geometric appearance of buildings, relative positions of neighboring buildings, wind attack angles, etc. Many publications regarding this phenomenon have been carried out in domestic or overseas journals and reports. Generally speaking from the literature, such complicated phenomenon cannot be simply linearly superposed one by one. The present study was conducted to idealize the sources of interference effect and easy to investigate. By means of wind pressure measurement, a square prism model with aspect ratio 6 in a suburban turbulent boundary layer flow (α=0.24) was utilized as a principal building. Meanwhile another identical square prism model made by Balsa wood was utilized as interfering building and installed in several interfering positions. Instantaneous pressures over the principal building's surface were recorded by at least 90 runs. Each run represents a 10-minute record in full scale. By normalized to velocity pressure at roof top, pressure coefficients were calculated and the maximum and minimum values were found. Based on extreme value theory, the Gumbel and Weibull distribution types were identified for different pressure tap positions due to different flow conditions. Then the design for cladding was briefly introduced. Experiment results showed that the maximum wind pressure coefficient was occurred in (x/B,y/B) = (3,3) position, representing that significant interference effects in the oblique configuration. The minimum pressure coefficient was found when the interfering building is in the upstream (y/B = 0). However, in this research, only the range between x/B = -3 ~ 3 and y/B = 0 ~ 3 were examined, the discussion on extreme values may be limited and the greater effect could occur outside the experiment range. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 目錄 IV 表目錄 VI 圖目錄 VII 符號說明 IX 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究方法 1 1.3 研究內容 2 1.4 論文架構 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 大氣邊界層流場之風洞模擬 5 2.2 風洞實驗之阻塞效應 5 2.3雷諾數效應 6 2.4 干擾效應之於主要建物的風力影響 6 2.4.1整體風力影響之定性描述 6 2.4.2 局部風力影響之定性描述 8 2.4.3 以干擾因子定義之定量描述 8 2.5 類神經網路應用於干擾因子之預測 9 第三章 理論背景 11 3.1 大氣邊界層特性 11 3.1.1平均風速剖面 11 3.1.2 紊流強度 12 3.1.3 紊流長度尺度 13 3.1.4 擾動風速頻譜 14 3.2 風與結構體之相互關係 15 3.2.1 氣動力現象 15 3.2.2 結構物之整體設計風載重 16 3.2.3結構物局部設計風載重 18 3.3隨機數據理論 18 3.4 常用機率分布及參數特性 21 3.4.1 機率密度分布函數(PDF) 21 3.4.2 極值分布(Extreme value distribution) 22 第四章 實驗設置與數據處理分析 23 4.1 實驗設置 23 4.1.1 風洞本體 23 4.1.2 量測儀器 24 4.1.3 大氣邊界層流場模擬 27 4.1.4 模型製作 28 4.1.5 參考風速量測 31 4.2 訊號處理與數據處理 31 4.2.1 數據採樣 31 4.2.2 風壓訊號之管線修正 32 4.2.3 數據處理分析 34 第五章 實驗結果與討論 37 5.1 風壓係數分布 37 5.1.1 未受干擾之單棟建築物 38 5.1.2 不同干擾位置下之極值影響 40 5.1.3 最大風壓係數 42 5.1.4 最小風壓係數 45 5.2 干擾因子 47 5.2.1 設計風壓係數干擾因子 47 5.3 局部極值分布 53 5.3.1 風壓係數之累積機率密度分布 53 5.3.2 實驗值與Gumbel和Weibull比較 56 第六章 結論與建議 71 6.1 結論 71 6.2 建議 72 參 考 文 獻 73 附錄A 風壓係數分布圖 77 附錄B 累積機率密度分布 153 表3-1 不同地況之指數律參數 12 表3-2 不同地況之地表粗糙長度尺 12 表3-3 地表粗糙長度尺度對應之β 12 表4-1 本研究風洞實驗所假設的各項相似比例尺 32 表5-1 最大風壓係數實驗值與Gumbel誤差比較 57 表5-2 最大風壓係數實驗值與Weibull誤差比較 60 表5-3 最小風壓係數實驗值與Gumbel誤差比較 64 表5-4 最大風壓係數實驗值與Weibull誤差比較 67 圖3-1 紊流長度尺度參數C、W和高度z0關係圖 13 圖3-2 鈍體分離流及渦漩示意圖 16 圖4-1 淡江大學風工程研究中心第一號大氣邊界層風洞實驗室 24 圖4-2 IFA-300智慧型風速儀、探針及校正儀 25 圖4-3 壓力量測系統 26 圖4-4 壓力訊號處理系統(RADBASE3200) 26 圖4-5 64頻道壓力感應器模組 27 圖4-6 逼近流場平均風速、紊流強度及長度尺度剖面 28 圖4-7 風壓模型幾何尺寸、風壓孔分布位置及實驗配置 29 圖4-8 座標版設置平面圖 30 圖4-9 座標設置立體圖 30 圖4-10 風壓管之管線修正使用之頻率域轉換函數(Amplitude ratio) 33 圖4-11 風壓管之管線修正使用之頻率域轉換函數(Phase difference) 34 圖5-1 主要建物受風面示意圖 38 圖5-2 未受干擾之單棟建築物平均風壓係數分布圖 38 圖5-3 未受干擾之單棟建築物擾動風壓係數分布圖 39 圖5-4 未受干擾之單棟建築物最大風壓係數分布圖 39 圖5-5 未受干擾之單棟建築物最小風壓係數分布圖 40 圖5-6 干擾效應整體座標之最大風壓係數分布圖 41 圖5-7 干擾效應整體座標之最大風壓係數 41 圖5-8 干擾效應整體座標之最小風壓係數分布圖 42 圖5-9 干擾效應整體座標之最小風壓係數 42 圖5-10 干擾建物在(x/B,y/B) = (2.5,2.5)之最大風壓係數分布圖 43 圖5-11 干擾建物在(x/B,y/B) = (3,3)之最大風壓係數分布圖 43 圖5-12 干擾建物在(x/B,y/B) = (2.5,0)之最小風壓係數分布圖 45 圖5-13 干擾建物在(x/B,y/B) = (0,1.5)之最小風壓係數分布 46 圖5-14 最大設計風壓係數干擾因子分布圖(IFmax) 48 圖5-15 最大設計風壓係數干擾因子(IFmax) 49 圖5-16 最小設計風壓係數干擾因子分布圖(IFmin) 49 圖5-17 最小設計風壓係數干擾因子(IFmin) 50 圖5-18 最大相對風壓係數干擾因子分布圖(IF*max) 51 圖5-19 最大相對風壓係數干擾因子(IF*max) 52 圖5-20 最小相對風壓係數干擾因子分布圖(IF*min) 52 圖5-21 最小相對風壓係數干擾因子(IF*min) 53 圖5-22 未受干擾之最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布 54 圖5-23 未受干擾之最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布 55 圖A-1 干擾建物在y/B = 0之最大風壓係數分布圖 77 圖A-2 干擾建物在y/B = 0.5之最大風壓係數分布圖 81 圖A-3 干擾建物在y/B = 1之最大風壓係數分布圖 85 圖A-4 干擾建物在y/B = 1.5之最大風壓係數分布圖 89 圖A-5 干擾建物在y/B = 2之最大風壓係數分布圖 95 圖A-6 干擾建物在y/B = 2.5之最大風壓係數分布圖 101 圖A-7 干擾建物在y/B = 3之最大風壓係數分布圖 107 圖A-8 干擾建物在x/B = 0之最大風壓係數分布圖 113 圖A-9 干擾建物在y/B = 0之最小風壓係數分布圖 115 圖A-10 干擾建物在y/B = 0.5之最小風壓係數分布圖 119 圖A-11 干擾建物在y/B = 1之最小風壓係數分布圖 123 圖A-12 干擾建物在y/B = 1.5之最小風壓係數分布圖 127 圖A-13 干擾建物在y/B = 2之最小風壓係數分布圖 133 圖A-14 干擾建物在y/B = 2.5之最小風壓係數分布圖 139 圖A-15 干擾建物在y/B = 3之最小風壓係數分布圖 145 圖A-16 干擾建物在x/B = 0之最小風壓係數分布圖 151 圖B-1 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 0) 153 圖B-2 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 0.5) 157 圖B-3 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 1) 161 圖B-4 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 1.5) 165 圖B-5 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 2) 171 圖B-6 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 2.5) 177 圖B-7 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 3) 183 圖B-8 最大風壓係數累積機率密度分布(x/B = 0) 189 圖B-9 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 0) 191 圖B-10 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 0.5) 195 圖B-11 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 1) 199 圖B-12 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 1.5) 203 圖B-13 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 2) 209 圖B-14 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 2.5) 215 圖B-15 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(y/B = 3) 221 圖B-16 最小風壓係數累積機率密度分布(x/B = 0) 227 |
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