本研究主要探討混合微粒子懸浮液之掃流薄膜過濾特性，實驗系統為0.15和0.8μm之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）粒子混合溶液，進行過濾操作，以薄膜阻擋懸浮液中PMMA粒子。探討懸浮液成分、液體速度、氣體速度、薄膜傾斜角度和操作壓力等濾速之影響，以尋求提升掃流薄膜過濾之效能。除此之外，研究中還進行濾餅之粒徑分佈分析，以瞭解操作條件對濾餅組成之影響。
實驗結果顯示：（1）於掃流過濾中，提高液體掃流流速，對濾速提升之效果不佳。（2）多相流動能有效的提升過濾效能。（3）薄膜傾斜角度為180°時，掃流速度對濾速提升之效果明顯。（4）比較不同成分懸浮液之濾速，懸浮液成分中小粒徑粒子含量越高則濾速越低。（5）粒徑較大之粒子較容易被掃流流體帶走。

The experiments for cross-flow membrane filtration of mixed particulate suspensions were carried out using mixtures of 0.15 and 0.8μm PMMA particles that were retained by the filter membrane. The effects of operating conditions, such as the composition of suspension, the liquid velocity, the gas velocity, inclination angle and filtration pressure on the permeate flux were discussed in order to searching for the efficiency enhancement in cross-flow membrane filtration. In addition, the particle size distribution of cake was analyzed in order to analyze the effect of various operating conditions on cake composition. 
The experimental results were summarized as follows: (1) During cross-flow filtration, the flux improvement by increasing the liquid velocity was not apparent. (2) The multiphase flow can obviously enhance the filtration flux. (3) At 180°inclination, the cross-flow velocity could enhance the permeate flux effectively. (4) The more were the small size particles in the suspension, the lower in permeate flux was found. (5) The larger particles are swept away easily by the cross-flow velocity.

目錄

圖目錄	III
表目錄	VII
第一章 序論	1
1.1 前言	1
1.2 薄膜分離	1
1.3 薄膜之特性	4
1.4 結垢現象	6
1.5 研究目的	7
第二章 文獻回顧	11
2.1 薄膜超過濾之特性	11
2.2 影響濾速之因素	14
2.3 提高濾速之方法	16
2.4 掃流超過濾濾速分析模式	20
2.4.1 阻力串聯模式	20
2.4.2 阻塞分析	22
第三章 實驗裝置與方法	31
3.1 實驗裝置	31
3.2 實驗藥品及薄膜	31
3.3 操作條件	32
3.3.1 系統操作條件	32
3.3.2 流量計校正與雷諾數計算	32
3.4 實驗方法與步驟	32
3.5 分析儀器	33
3.6 薄膜之保存		33
第四章 結果與討論		41
4.1 薄膜結構與純水濾速	41
4.2 操作參數對濾速之影響	41
4.2.1 薄膜傾斜角度與流體速度之影響	42
4.2.2 粒徑組成之影響	43
4.2.3 壓力之影響	44
4.3 操作條件對濾餅性質之影響	44
4.3.1 液體流速之影響	44
4.3.2 氣體流速之影響	45
4.3.3 壓力之影響	46
4.4 操作條件對粒徑分佈之影響	47
4.4.1 液體流速之影響	47
4.4.2 氣體流速之影響	48
4.4.3 壓力之影響	49
第五章 結論	66
5.1 實驗結果分析	66
5.2 濾餅分析	67
5.3 濾餅之粒徑分佈	68
5.4 總結	69
符號說明	70
參考文獻	73
附錄	78
 
圖目錄

圖1.1 薄膜分離程序之分類	9
圖1.2 濾餅過濾及掃流過濾示意圖	10
圖2.1 粒子大小與粒徑分析方法、分離方法之關聯性		24
圖2.2 過濾物質大小與膜過濾之關係圖譜	25
圖2.3 薄膜掃流超過濾示意圖	27
圖2.4 提高濾速方法之流程圖	28
圖2.5 氣液兩相之流動形態	29
圖2.6 粒子阻塞機制	30
圖3.1 掃流過濾系統實驗裝置圖	35
圖3.2 液體流量計校正圖	37
圖3.3 液體流量與液體速度(uL)之關係圖		37
圖3.4 氣體流量計校正圖	38
圖3.5 氣體流量與氣體速度(uG)之關係圖		38
圖3.6 平板型掃流過濾系統流體流量與雷諾數之關係圖	39
圖4.1 新鮮薄膜(PES 100k)濾速對透膜壓差作圖	50
圖4.2 液體速度對濾速之影響	50
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, θ=90°)
圖4.3 液體速度對濾速之影響	51
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, θ=180°)
圖4.4 氣體速度對濾速之影響	51
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, θ=90°)
圖4.5 氣體速度對濾速之影響	52
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, θ=180°)

圖4.6 氣體速度對濾速之影響	52
	 (x0.8=0, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.7 氣體速度對濾速之影響	53
	 (x0.8=25, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.8 氣體速度對濾速之影響	53
	 (x0.8=75, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.9 氣體速度對濾速之影響	54
	 (x0.8=100, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.10 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾速之影響	54
	 (ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.11 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾速之影響	55
	 (ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0.009m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.12 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾速之影響	55
	 (ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0.017m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.13 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾速之影響	56
	 (ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0.026m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.14 操作壓差對濾速之影響	56
	 (x0.8=0, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0.026m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.15 操作壓差對濾速之影響	57
	 (x0.8=100, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0.026m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.16 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾速之影響	57
	 (ΔP=60kPa, uL=0.025m/s, uG=0.026m/s, θ=180°)
圖4.17 液體速度對平均孔隙度之影響	58
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa)
圖4.18 液體速度對平均過濾比阻之影響	58
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa)

圖4.19 液體速度對濾餅阻力之影響	59
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa)
圖4.20 氣體速度對平均孔隙度之影響	59
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s)
圖4.21 氣體速度對平均過濾比阻之影響	60
(x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s)
圖4.22 氣體速度對濾餅阻力之影響	60
(x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, uL=0.025m/s)
圖4.23 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對平均孔隙度之影響	61
圖4.24 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對平均過濾比阻之影響	61
圖4.25 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾餅阻力之影響	62
圖4.26 不同粒徑組成其壓力對平均孔隙度之影響	62
圖4.27 不同粒徑組成其壓力對平均過濾比阻之影響	63
圖4.28 不同粒徑組成其壓力對濾餅阻力之影響	63
圖4.29 液體速度對濾餅之粒徑分佈影響	64
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, θ=90°)
圖4.30 液體速度對濾餅之粒徑分佈影響	64
	 (x0.8=50, ΔP=40kPa, θ=180°)
圖4.31 氣體速度對濾餅之粒徑分佈影響	65
	 (x0.8=50, uL=0.025m/s, ΔP=40kPa, θ=90°)
圖4.32 氣體速度對濾餅之粒徑分佈影響	65
	 (x0.8=50, uL=0.025m/s, ΔP=40kPa, θ=180°)
圖A.1 PES 100k薄膜 (1千倍剖面圖)		78
圖A.2 PES 100k薄膜 (1萬倍剖面圖)	78
圖A.3 PES 100k薄膜 (5萬倍剖面圖)	79
圖A.4 PES 100k薄膜 (5萬倍表面圖)	79
圖A.5 PES 100k薄膜 (10萬倍表面圖)	80
圖A.6 PES 100k薄膜 (20萬倍表面圖)	80
 

表目錄

表1.1 不同操作程序之驅動力分類	9
表2.1 薄膜程序對於分離溶質之區分表	26
表3.1 薄膜性質表	36
表3.2 液體流量計刻度與實際流量、掃流速度、雷諾數之關係	39
表3.3 雷射光散射儀之性質表	40
表4.1 液體速度對濾餅阻力之影響	45
表4.2 氣體速度對濾餅阻力之影響	45
表4.3 不同粒徑組成其氣體速度對濾餅阻力之影響	46
表4.4 不同粒徑組成其壓力對濾餅阻力之影響	47
表4.5 液體速度對濾餅粒徑分佈之影響	48
表4.6 氣體速度對濾餅粒徑分佈之影響	48
表4.7 壓力對濾餅粒徑分佈之影響	49

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