本論文是針對管式薄膜超過濾器系統做濾速的分析與研究。在實驗部份，是以Dextran T500水溶液進行超過濾模組之濾速實驗。藉由將薄膜管殼的濾液出口分為十段，並且改變溶液的濃度、體積流率、透膜壓差以及薄膜管的分子阻隔率而得到一系列濾速的實驗值，並求得真實的濾速衰退情形。
濾速的分析是使用較符合輸送現象的阻力串連模式，並導出一符合此過濾系統之理論數學式。而此式可詳細描敘出當改變透膜壓差、體積流率及溶液濃度時，濾速沿著管軸之遞減情形，將其與實驗遞減值比較，探討模式的適用性。

Correlation equations for predicting the permeate flux of membrane ultrafiltration in ceramic-tube modules were derived from momentum and mass balances based on the resistance-in-series model, coupled with the considerations of declinations of flow rate and transmembrane pressure along the membrane tubes. Experimental work for the ultrafiltration of Dextran 500 aqueous solution was carried out in a Carbsep model module made of ZrO2/Carbon; and further this experiment will have different exits of permeate flux in the membrane module shell side. Correlation predictions are confirmed with the experimental results, especially for the practically operating range of transmembrane pressure. The effects of flow rate, concentration of solution and transmembrane pressure on the declination of permeate flux along the membrane tubes were also discussed. According to the decline of the solution flux obtained from this experiment we can further improve the flux theory.

圖索引			                            IV
表索引			                            VI
第一章 序論		                            1
第二章 文獻回顧	                            	4
2-1 薄膜分離	                            	4
	2-1.1 薄膜分離優點	                     	4
	2-1.2 薄膜分離驅動力	              	5
	2-1.3 薄膜分離應用範圍	              	6
	2-1.4 薄膜分離材質與型態	              	8
2-2 薄膜超過濾	                            	11
	2-2.1 超過濾薄膜組件              		13
	2-2.2 超過濾的應用	                     	16
2-3 超過濾濾速分析		                            18
	2-3.1 阻力串聯模式	                     	19
	2-3.2 滲透壓模式	                     	22
	2-3.3 膠化層模式	                     	24
	2-3.4 濃度極化現象	                     	28
	2-3.5 結垢現象	                     	29
2-4 影響濾速之因素	                                   	30
	2-4.1 薄膜材質的影響	              	30
	2-4.2  pH值與離子強度的影響	              	30
	2-4.3 進料濃度的影響              		32
	2-4.4 溫度的影響	                     	32
	2-4.5 壓力的影響	                     	33
	2-4.6 流速與擾流的影響       		34
第三章 理論分析		                            35
3-1 質量平衡		                            35
3-2 動量平衡		                            35
3-3 阻力串聯模式		                            36
3-4 推導理論濾速(vm)	                     	37
3-4 透膜壓差與濾速的衰退	                     	41
第四章 實驗裝置與方法	                     	42
4-1 實驗裝置		                            42
4-2 各種操作條件		                            44
4-3 實驗步驟及方法		                            44
4-4 注意事項	                            	46
第五章 實驗結果與討論	                     	47
5-1 純水濾速與薄膜阻力	                     	47
5-2 由實驗數據求R及 	                     	49
5-3 實驗公式 、 之求法	                     	49
5-4 濾速衰退之探討		                            50
5-5實驗與理論之探討	                     	52
第六章 結論	                            	74
符號說明		                            	75
參考文獻			                            78
 
圖索引
圖1-1	 掃流超過濾系統濃度極化之示意圖       	3
圖2-1	 各分離程序處理粒徑能力之配置圖       	8
圖2-2 	對稱膜與非對稱膜之比較                     	10
圖 2-3  濾餅過濾及掃流過濾示意圖              	12
圖2-4 	常見之超過濾模組型                           	14
圖2-5	 影響薄膜過濾之各種阻力示意圖              	21
圖2-6 滲透壓模式與膠化層模式之示意圖子              	27
圖2-7 操作參數對濾訴之關係圖                     	31
圖4-1	 實驗裝置圖                            	42
圖5-1	 純水濾速圖	                            48
圖5-2(a) MWCO=40KDa, ci=1wt%, qi=4.17×10-6 m3/s
        改變進口壓差時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	60
圖5-2(b) MWCO=40KDa, ci=1wt%, qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s
        改變進口壓差時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	61
圖5-3(a) MWCO=40KDa, ci=1wt%, Δpi=1.4×105 m3/s
        改變進口流量時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	62
圖5-3(b) MWCO=40KDa, ci=1wt%, Δpi=0.3×105 m3/s
        改變進口流量時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	63
圖5-4(a) MWCO=40KDa, qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s, Δpi=1.4×105 m3/s
        改變進口濃度時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	64
圖5-4(b) MWCO=40KDa, qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s, Δpi=0.3×105 m3/s
        改變進口濃度時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	65

圖5-5(a) ci=1wt%, qi=4.17×10-6 m3/s, Δpi=1.4×105 m3/s
       改變阻隔分子量時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	66
圖5-5(b) ci=1wt%, qi=4.17×10-6 m3/s, Δpi=0.3×105 m3/s
       改變阻隔分子量時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	67
圖5-5(c) ci=1wt%, qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s, Δpi=1.4×105 m3/s
       改變阻隔分子量時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	68
圖5-5(d) ci=1wt%, qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s, Δpi=0.3×105 m3/s
       改變阻隔分子量時分段濾速沿管軸方向之變化情形	69
圖5-6(a) MWCO=40KDa , ci=1wt% , qi=4.17×10-6 m3/s
       Δpi=1.4×105 m3/s ,實驗與理論濾速遞減之比較	70
圖5-6(a) MWCO=40KDa , ci=1wt% , qi=4.17×10-6 m3/s
       Δpi=0.3×105 m3/s ,實驗與理論濾速遞減之比較	71
圖5-6(a) MWCO=40KDa , ci=1wt% , qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s
       Δpi=1.4×105 m3/s ,實驗與理論濾速遞減之比較	72
圖5-6(a) MWCO=40KDa , ci=1wt% , qi=1.67×10-6 m3/s
       Δpi=0.3×105 m3/s ,實驗與理論濾速遞減之比較	73

 
表索引
表2-1 薄膜分離應用範圍	7
表2-2 超過濾模組件之比較	15
表5-1	 純水濾速之實驗值	48
表5-2	a 薄膜阻隔分子量為10KDa之實驗換算平均濾速值	54
表5-2b 薄膜阻隔分子量為40KDa之實驗換算平均濾速值	55
表5-3 不同操作條件下之Rf與( )值	56
表5-4.1 不同條件下分段濾速實驗值	57
表5-4.2 不同條件下分段濾速實驗值	57
表5-4.3 不同條件下分段濾速實驗值	58
表5-4.4 不同條件下分段濾速實驗值	58
表5-4.5 不同條件下分段濾速實驗值	59
表5-4.6 不同條件下分段濾速實驗值	59

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